[Q] Rooting without voiding the warranty? - Nexus 10 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

Hello! If I root my Nexus 10 without unlocking the bootloader, will the warranty be voided or not? I think it will be voided only if the bootloader is unlocked, but it will be better if someone confirms it. Thank you!

kosivi said:
Hello! If I root my Nexus 10 without unlocking the bootloader, will the warranty be voided or not? I think it will be voided only if the bootloader is unlocked, but it will be better if someone confirms it. Thank you!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
IIRC the warranty on a Nexus device is more lenient because... well... it's a Nexus. Any warranty claims for physical hardware issues should still be accepted since it has nothing to do with the software. It's also extremely easy to return to stock and relock the bootloader so even if you do need to send it in for repair, they'll never know.

wireroid said:
IIRC the warranty on a Nexus device is more lenient because... well... it's a Nexus. Any warranty claims for physical hardware issues should still be accepted since it has nothing to do with the software. It's also extremely easy to return to stock and relock the bootloader so even if you do need to send it in for repair, they'll never know.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Your best bet is to always restore to stock before making a warranty claim. A while ago I remember reading about an Asus user who's headphone port was no longer working but Asus voided the warranty due to the device being rooted. I know that's a pretty different scenario but some warranty reps will find any reason to void your device so they don't have to pay. Always better to be safe than sorry I guess.
As was said before don't worry about rooting, it is extremely easy to get back to stock and since it is a Nexus device you have a ton of failsafe options in case something does happen to go wrong,
Sent from my Nexus 10 using Tapatalk 4

Related

[Q] Return to Stock for Warranty Replacement

Hey, I looked around for a little bit, and couldn't find a thread with quite the info I needed. Sorry if this has already been asked elsewhere.
I just bought my Razr M, used. The device is in great shape, except for some serious screen burn-in of I'm-not-sure-what-app. It was rooted and unlocked by the previous owner. I imagine that the burn-in is grounds for warranty repair, but I've read that unlocking burns a fuse on the phone. Also apparently there's a new OTA that blocks unlocking?
That said, I'd like to know:
1. Is the screen burn-in a common problem, and have people had success in getting warranty repair done by Motorola for this?
2. How can I safely restore the device to stock in preparation for warranty repair/replacement without arousing Motorola's suspicion?
I saw this thread:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2391641
But I'm not sure that it's the solution I need.
3. Is there any way to prevent Motorola from handing me back a device that's updated to the newest OTA and blocked from being unlocked?
Thanks XDA!
[EDIT]
I -think- a combination of options 1 and 2 (flash stock 4.1.2 rom/radios/kernel & recovery is what I need to do, using this utility here?
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2249773
CharFalco said:
Hey, I looked around for a little bit, and couldn't find a thread with quite the info I needed. Sorry if this has already been asked elsewhere.
I just bought my Razr M, used. The device is in great shape, except for some serious screen burn-in of I'm-not-sure-what-app. It was rooted and unlocked by the previous owner. I imagine that the burn-in is grounds for warranty repair, but I've read that unlocking burns a fuse on the phone. Also apparently there's a new OTA that blocks unlocking?
That said, I'd like to know:
1. Is the screen burn-in a common problem, and have people had success in getting warranty repair done by Motorola for this?
2. How can I safely restore the device to stock in preparation for warranty repair/replacement without arousing Motorola's suspicion?
I saw this thread:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2391641
But I'm not sure that it's the solution I need.
3. Is there any way to prevent Motorola from handing me back a device that's updated to the newest OTA and blocked from being unlocked?
Thanks XDA!
[EDIT]
I -think- a combination of options 1 and 2 (flash stock 4.1.2 rom/radios/kernel & recovery is what I need to do, using this utility here?
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2249773
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
that's a tough spot since you bought the device used. motorola may still honor the warranty if the issue is hardware related. however, being unlocked does NOT cause burn-in (I think you misread the fuse part - it was a metaphor).
that being said, if motorola was to honor the warranty, they might just send you a refurb since it is cheaper than repairing the screen. and that refurb would probably have the latest OTA.
however, I doubt that they will since you bought it used - but it won't hurt to ask them. careful giving out your EIN to them, as they'll be able to tell if the device is rooted.
I would suggest reaching out to the seller (especially if bought on e-bay). if they did not report the issue with the burn-in, you might be entitled to your money back.
good luck.
jco23 said:
that's a tough spot since you bought the device used. motorola may still honor the warranty if the issue is hardware related. however, being unlocked does NOT cause burn-in (I think you misread the fuse part - it was a metaphor).
that being said, if motorola was to honor the warranty, they might just send you a refurb since it is cheaper than repairing the screen. and that refurb would probably have the latest OTA.
however, I doubt that they will since you bought it used - but it won't hurt to ask them. careful giving out your EIN to them, as they'll be able to tell if the device is rooted.
I would suggest reaching out to the seller (especially if bought on e-bay). if they did not report the issue with the burn-in, you might be entitled to your money back.
good luck.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the advice. The sceen-burn in is annoying, but livable. That said, I did call Motorola, and they accepted me for RMA after asking for my ESN. I'm sure they have ways of telling if the fuse for unlocking was used - is there any way to cover it up that other people have used?
CharFalco said:
Hey, I looked around for a little bit, and couldn't find a thread with quite the info I needed. Sorry if this has already been asked elsewhere.
I just bought my Razr M, used. The device is in great shape, except for some serious screen burn-in of I'm-not-sure-what-app. It was rooted and unlocked by the previous owner. I imagine that the burn-in is grounds for warranty repair, but I've read that unlocking burns a fuse on the phone. Also apparently there's a new OTA that blocks unlocking?
That said, I'd like to know:
1. Is the screen burn-in a common problem, and have people had success in getting warranty repair done by Motorola for this?
2. How can I safely restore the device to stock in preparation for warranty repair/replacement without arousing Motorola's suspicion?
I saw this thread:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2391641
But I'm not sure that it's the solution I need.
3. Is there any way to prevent Motorola from handing me back a device that's updated to the newest OTA and blocked from being unlocked?
Thanks XDA!
[EDIT]
I -think- a combination of options 1 and 2 (flash stock 4.1.2 rom/radios/kernel & recovery is what I need to do, using this utility here?
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2249773
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My restore will work for you.
Follow the steps but once you boot to cwmr do not flash the updateSU, flash stock recovery & choose no to protect root & no to protect recovery. Done.
(have the WARNINGSTOCKRECOVERY.zip on your sd beforehand & get it from goodies)

[Q] - KNOX - We buy a phone but we dont own it (almost).

What is the KNOX?
To understand we must read this:
http://www.samsung.com/global/business/mobile/solution/security/samsung-knox
And this:
https://www.samsungknox.com/overview/technical-details
"The Galaxy Note 3 already supports KNOX by default"
I really dont get it...you buy a phone but you dont own it (almost)? See HERE a opinion by a member.
This Thread also is important: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2447832
And You, will buy a Galaxy Note 3?
ValenteL said:
What is the KNOX?
To understand we must read this:
http://www.samsung.com/global/business/mobile/solution/security/samsung-knox
And this:
https://www.samsungknox.com/overview/technical-details
"The Galaxy Note 3 already supports KNOX by default"
I really dont get it...you buy a phone but you d'ont own it (almost)? See HERE a opinion by a member.
This Thread also is important: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2447832
And You, will buy a Galaxy Note 3?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Probably the main reason behind not to decide yet to buy it. For me is a BIG ISSUE. I have always rooted my phone, and have installed many ROMS, for me, is a MUST. I am buying a hardware not a software.
95% of mobile device owners don't even know what a bootloader is and could care less. Almost 100% of companies with BYOD policies don't let rooted and unlocked phones on their networks whether or not they have Knox.
You're also confusing Knox for consumers and Knox for business. On the consumer side activating Knox is totally optional and when left unactivated makes the N3 just like all Samsung's previous devices. There are real benefits of Knox to people that don't care about bootloaders being locked. You can prevent the phone from being wiped if it's lost and stolen and can hide sensitive files you don't want people to see in a seperate container on your phone.
Here's the overview of how Knox works for consumers...
https://www.samsungknox.com/knox-consumer
For XDA Knox stands to bring with it some real negatives. Including a new warranty status method that can't be reset. So the 5% of people that want to unlock their bootloader and flash non-stock s/w without affecting their warranty have a right to be pissed about Knox. But the 95% that don't care and corporate IT departments with BYOD will be thrilled with it.
BarryH_GEG said:
95% of mobile device owners don't even know what a bootloader is and could care less. Almost 100% of companies with BYOD policies don't let rooted and unlocked phones on their networks whether or not they have Knox.
You're also confusing Knox for consumers and Knox for business. On the consumer side activating Knox is totally optional and when left unactivated makes the N3 just like all Samsung's previous devices. There are real benefits of Knox to people that don't care about bootloaders being locked. You can prevent the phone from being wiped if it's lost and stolen and can hide sensitive files you don't want people to see in a seperate container on your phone.
Here's the overview of how Knox works for consumers...
https://www.samsungknox.com/knox-consumer
For XDA Knox stands to bring with it some real negatives. Including a new warranty status method that can't be reset. So the 5% of people that want to unlock their bootloader and flash non-stock s/w without affecting their warranty have a right to be pissed about Knox. But the 95% that don't care and corporate IT departments with BYOD will be thrilled with it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In the end, if we are talking only about the loss of the guarantee, it is a fair fee for changing the characteristics of the instrument. After all, no one is saying that the manufacturer refuses to fully service the smartphone - for your money every whim. It's time to learn how to make decisions and to take responsibility ...
Finding about this issue has just knocked the N3 from the top of my upgrade choices. Not happy at all.
Looks almost like a kicked up refreshed version of hboot on HTC devices. Anybody else get that feel?
Sent from my Nexus 7 using Tapatalk 2
Was unaware of this.... Wow... idk... I pre-ordered and have been stoked for months... I'm hurting inside.
You guys are mis-understanding what Samsung Knox is.
I'll let Apple explain it
http://www.apple.com/iphone/business/it-center/deployment-mdm.html
We'll see about that. Judging from what I've read on the S4 forum, it looks like you're buying a device without a warranty.
(If you have no intention to root or mod your Note 3, what are you doing reading on this forum?)
Or to paraphrase the Google search page, are you feeling lucky?
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I317 using xda app-developers app
designgears said:
You guys are mis-understanding what Samsung Knox is.
I'll let Apple explain it
http://www.apple.com/iphone/business/it-center/deployment-mdm.html
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, why not? I see. This is what will make the device according to the personal. At once and for all ...
Rooting voids the warranty. Anyone in there position wouldn't care about the 5% who void their warranty then try to get around it and still have it covered.
So it's harder to scam a company into covering it under warranty? Oh well... we all full well now we are voiding our warranty every time we root.
Dumbo53 said:
We'll see about that. Judging from what I've read on the S4 forum, it looks like you're buying a device without a warranty.
(If you have no intention to root or mod your Note 3, what are you doing reading on this forum?)
Or to paraphrase the Google search page, are you feeling lucky?
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I317 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The Samsung has no obligation to xda. And we have a choice - to lose warranty or shake for it. The validity of that to pay for everything. And the phrase "I do buy the hardware and not a soft" - fundamental error ..
clninja said:
Rooting voids the warranty. Anyone in there position wouldn't care about the 5% who void their warranty then try to get around it and still have it covered.
So it's harder to scam a company into covering it under warranty? Oh well... we all full well now we are voiding our warranty every time we root.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes and no. Pretty much all of Samsung's devices have had some form of flash counter in them. Plenty of people who root their devices and don't use Triangle Away have returned the phone for service, and Samsung fixed it anyway. I recall one guy saying has flash counter on his Note 2 was over 100 and they still fixed it without blinking an eye.
The legal side is questionable too - Samsung can put any clauses they want in their warranty agreement, but even if you were to agree to them in writing they wouldn't necessarily be enforceable. I don't know if anyone has ever had reason to test it, but if they refused service on my device I'd be expecting them to be able to justify with reasonable certainty that the fault was caused (at least indirectly) by running non-standard software on the device. I suspect if this were tested in court they would have a hard time enforcing it. In reality the non-rooting clause cannot render the device void of all warranty, but if the software needs to be reinstalled by them because of a faulty flash or to rectify a problem caused by rooting, they can still charge you for that.
Same way Dell can't void the warranty on my laptop if I load Linux on it........
* This is based on the terms of statutory warranty in the country of purchase. So in some jurisdictions the vendor has more freedom to add limitations.
So it's going to be impossible/hard to root this phone with the KNOX security? Is it going to be totally impossible to do it?
I am totally addicted to ROOTING my phone and installing Custom ROMs s this is going to be a deal breaker for me if it's not possible.
Quasar83 said:
So it's going to be impossible/hard to root this phone with the KNOX security? Is it going to be totally impossible to do it?
I am totally addicted to ROOTING my phone and installing Custom ROMs s this is going to be a deal breaker for me if it's not possible.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can still do it nothing is stopping you, you just void warranty
A.S._id said:
In the end, if we are talking only about the loss of the guarantee, it is a fair fee for changing the characteristics of the instrument. After all, no one is saying that the manufacturer refuses to fully service the smartphone - for your money every whim. It's time to learn how to make decisions and to take responsibility ...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well said Sir :good:
Rocheau said:
I am buying a hardware not a software.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
well if you want to buy a phone without software I wish you luck
Xalies said:
You can still do it nothing is stopping you, you just void warranty
Well said Sir :good:
well if you want to buy a phone without software I wish you luck
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do not need the bloatware offered by Samsung. Cynogenmod 10.2 is just fine for me.
Xalies said:
You can still do it nothing is stopping you, you just void warranty
Well said Sir :good:
well if you want to buy a phone without software I wish you luck
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank God! I don't care if I void my warranty add long as I can install custom ROMs
Sent from my GT-N7100 using xda app-developers app
Does anyone else sense de ja vu here when the note 1/2 first came out....we had no way at first to reset the flash counter
Regardless if KNOX is "different", i blindly have much faith in our awesome developers to eventually be able to do something about it by the time i would need warranty
lmike6453 said:
Does anyone else sense de ja vu here when the note 1/2 first came out....we had no way at first to reset the flash counter
Regardless if KNOX is "different", i blindly have much faith in our awesome developers to eventually be able to do something about it by the time i would need warranty
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You do not understand the basic. This technology Samsung KNOX ® has one goal - to tie the device to one particular user. That is, the device will not be a secondary market, as the user can not be removed. This means that the whole story is not vulnerable device, basically ...
p.s. I think that's why this technology has been approved by the Ministry of Defense USA. Or maybe I just being paranoid ...
In the EU rooting does not void warranty. I work at an official samsung cervice centre and we must fix softbricked phones at no cost since the updated licence.
link: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1998801

Root = warranty void?

I just want an answer for this as I get into a discussion with my fellow g2 user if I root my phone would it means that I lose warranty for the device.
Is there any particular ground or anything that backup that. I mean, legally, that will prevent us to claim the warranty.
Sent from my LG-D802 using Tapatalk
simorangkir_dcs said:
I just want an answer for this as I get into a discussion with my fellow g2 user if I root my phone would it means that I lose warranty for the device.
Is there any particular ground or anything that backup that. I mean, legally, that will prevent us to claim the warranty.
Sent from my LG-D802 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If your talking about an insurance claim you should be fine, Ive done too many insurance claims when I lost my rooted devices with no problem
However if your talking about a warranty claim and you plan on ever bringing it in to a carrier store then you could just do the carrier specific revert to stock method. And yes it would remove the rooting status completely off your device so your G2 carrier will never know it was ever rooted, which means you will not lose your warranty. This has been discussed already on the forums so moving foward you should know you will be just fine.
Walter21026 said:
If your talking about an insurance claim you should be fine, Ive done too many insurance claims when I lost my rooted devices with no problem
However if your talking about a warranty claim and you plan on ever bringing it in to a carrier store then you could just do the carrier specific revert to stock method. And yes it would remove the rooting status completely off your device so your G2 carrier will never know it was ever rooted, which means you will not lose your warranty. This has been discussed already on the forums so moving foward you should know you will be just fine.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm already rooted, even flashed custom rom already. I'm just curious if root really void OEM warranty because someone mention otherwise.
Sent from my LG-D802 using Tapatalk
simorangkir_dcs said:
I'm already rooted, even flashed custom rom already. I'm just curious if root really void OEM warranty because someone mention otherwise.
Sent from my LG-D802 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Your golden as long as you revert to stock. I have not heard anything that contradicts this information.
with the condition of rooted phone, someone mention it that in the LG warranty clause there is no single poin in it that state root=warranty void.
simorangkir_dcs said:
I'm already rooted, even flashed custom rom already. I'm just curious if root really void OEM warranty because someone mention otherwise.
Sent from my LG-D802 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It depends on the carrier and the device. Usually it will not void your warranty, but some service rep at warranty places like to try and give you a hard time because they dont want to eat the cost of the device. As long as you make it a point to tell them to f off you'll be fine (in nicer words though).

Root Solution without tripping knox counter

Will there be a root solution without tripping the knox counter and how soon do you think after launch??
The phone isn't even being sold yet. Nobody can answer that question until the phone is in our hands.
although what EP says is 100% accurate, maybe worth checking out if something was found on Note 2 (which is no), Note 3, S4, or S5. If none on those, then most likely not on the Note 4 either.
Don't know.. Don't care lol. Not sure why everyone worries so much about Knox..as long as we can root,install recovery and flash what we want its all good. And if you concerned about warranty I would say your on the wrong site . I tripped my note 3 knox counter right after I bought the device and never looked back.
force70 said:
Don't know.. Don't care lol. Not sure why everyone worries so much about Knox..as long as we can root,install recovery and flash what we want its all good. And if you concerned about warranty I would say your on the wrong site . I tripped my note 3 knox counter right after I bought the device and never looked back.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think that in regards to warranty, Sammy still has an obligation to repair your device. They may charge you for the repair, but I'd say they'd need to prove that rooting was the cause of your problem - say a defective battery or non-functioning sim slot. :laugh:
force70 said:
Don't know.. Don't care lol. And if you concerned about warranty I would say your on the wrong site .
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Smartest thing posted in the Note 4 threads so far..
force70 said:
Don't know.. Don't care lol. Not sure why everyone worries so much about Knox..as long as we can root,install recovery and flash what we want its all good. And if you concerned about warranty I would say your on the wrong site . I tripped my note 3 knox counter right after I bought the device and never looked back.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, because not tripping knox is better than tripping knox I would say. What if something goes wrong with your phone that has nothing to do with rooting? I am sure Samsung in that case would also say, sorry, you rooted your phone, there will be charge for fixing this. If I create an unrecoverable brick, then, I would take responsibility for that, however, No one I am sure would want to be responsible for a problem with their phone that had nothing to do with rooting. It was just a question, that's all. I am rooting whether knox is tripped or not.
when you root your phone, Samsung says your warranty ends.
Period.
Your carrier may cut you some slack on a issue that comes up, not related to rooting, but most of them will refuse to do anything warranty wise if you are rooted. Obviously, they have to either ask you, or check themselves.
Over the years, I never had a warranty refused because of being rooted, and when I brought a phone in with a problem, I never volunteered that the phone was rooted, and they never asked me.
But, that might not be the case for you or anyone else.
Sure, if you can root, and not trip Knox, and there is a way to unroot and return your phone to stock in case of service being needed, that is the ideal scenario, but once I root any phone, I always assume my warranty is over, and I think most of us that have been on XDA for awhile would agree with that statement.

Galaxy Tab Pro 12.2 internal screen damage randomly! See video inside!!

Top half of my screen suddenly goes bad out of no where!!
Anyone had this happened to them? Half of my screen now flickering, showing weird lines, unreadable stuff, and constantly flickering, and turning off. I can't even keep it on for more than 5 seconds.
Please see this video below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2UhwqgZMmY
I can only think of RMA. .
Sent from my SM-T320 using XDA Free mobile app
I hope your device is in warranty.
What happened to you makes me think twice before flashing custom roms, tripping knox and voiding the warranty (which I already tripped and voided)
thdervenis said:
I hope your device is in warranty.
What happened to you makes me think twice before flashing custom roms, tripping knox and voiding the warranty (which I already tripped and voided)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
All of those are software related customization. This problem I am having is strictly hardware. The AMOLED screen panel is internally damage somehow that cause it to messed up like that.
Flashing, rooting, tripping knox or whatever won't cause this. A lot of people get this wrong and blame on modifying the ROM as part of the cause but one must understand the difference between the 2 before making judgment.
xxlikquidxx said:
All of those are software related customization. This problem I am having is strictly hardware. The AMOLED screen panel is internally damage somehow that cause it to messed up like that.
Flashing, rooting, tripping knox or whatever won't cause this. A lot of people get this wrong and blame on modifying the ROM as part of the cause but one must understand the difference between the 2 before making judgment.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, I know that.
I meant that messing with the software (flashing, rooting, tripping knox) voids the warranty, and if a hardware problems occurs (irrelevant to your flashing activities), such as in your case, you 'll be left without a warranty (although you didn't cause it)
thdervenis said:
Yeah, I know that.
I meant that messing with the software (flashing, rooting, tripping knox) voids the warranty, and if a hardware problems occurs (irrelevant to your flashing activities), such as in your case, you 'll be left without a warranty (although you didn't cause it)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
we'll see about that from Samsung.
Knox 0x1?
They will probably offer a "very competitive" out-of-warranty repair price.
Got a free replacement tablet from Samsung! Bravo!
Sent from my SM-T900 using Tapatalk
xxlikquidxx said:
Got a free replacement tablet from Samsung! Bravo!
Sent from my SM-T900 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Oh man! That is killer! I have never heard of them doing that, but I have never heard of such a catastrophic failure on a Samsung tablet That kind of result will make ya a Samsung customer for life!
mine doing the same thing and its rooted so know is voided. i called samsung and they gave me an RMA to ship it back. lets see what will happen
ad78 said:
mine doing the same thing and its rooted so know is voided. i called samsung and they gave me an RMA to ship it back. lets see what will happen
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hopefully, they will provide the same solution for your case. Keep us posted, and good luck! This kind of hardware failure should never happen with a top end device like this.
Tquarter said:
Hopefully, they will provide the same solution for your case. Keep us posted, and good luck! This kind of hardware failure should never happen with a top end device like this.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
in my experience from years past, nobody that takes these returns really cares about root or custom ROMS when there is a hardware problem. The customer is usually shipped a refurbished model immediately while the damaged unit goes back for repair. By the time it gets to someone whos smart enough or loyal enough to care about root, the customer already has their refurb. when i sent in my droid x2 for repair it would ALWAYS boot to recovery options on first boot, then you would have to tell it to boot normally and it would. i was fine with it but forgot about that when i went to get it repaired....
they asked me "whats that green stuff on the screen?"
me: oh nothing.... *presses -boot normally- button*
"does it do that every time?!"
me: yeah but i dont care
"wow that must be annoying!".
then they shipped it off for repair and i got my refurb.
i dont think manufacturers or service providers care as much about root as many people think. they do a lot to prevent it sometimes but I have never had an issue on getting warranty services on a rooted device.
keeping in mind that none of those warranty services were because of software problems... every phone had something wrong with it physically.
Agreed, most phone warranties are like cars. It under warranty unless the "mod" could have possibly caused the problem.

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