People cant hear me... voice call issue - 8525, TyTN, MDA Vario II, JasJam General

Pretty self explantory, device randomly decided to stop the sound input working 4 days ago. Signal is fine, and i can hear people talking, but they cant hear me in calls.
Upgraded the radio from 1.05 to 1.38 to no avail, running Live 0.2.
Tried the recorder function in the notes program but that does not work either.
Any ideas?

Schooleydoo said:
Pretty self explantory, device randomly decided to stop the sound input working 4 days ago. Signal is fine, and i can hear people talking, but they cant hear me in calls.
Upgraded the radio from 1.05 to 1.38 to no avail, running Live 0.2.
Tried the recorder function in the notes program but that does not work either.
Any ideas?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't think you have many choices here. Given it was random at least for a while does not suggest that there is say, a corrupted/changed registry entry.
I would suggest (backing up first) then a hard reset and test without restoring any of the backup. If it works ok then you'll have to restore selectively if possible or just slowly re-create all your installations.
However, if the problem is still there after a hard reset no additional software installed, then I think you have a hardware problem requiring repair/warranty.
Mike

Tried a hard reset but hasnt changed anything. Arse. Need to go back to the original rom, radio and bootloader then. Thatl be fun!
Cheers matey

Related

Ringer sound problem

I bought 2 days ago a TyTn and it worked fine, when somebody calls me it rings and vibrate, now it only vibrate and no sound is coming from the speaker. even when i change the ringer and test it: no sound. later it works again. did try hard reset and didn't install any software after 3/4 calls the sound stops again. all sounds even from media player???? any suggestions?
mrijnvis said:
I bought 2 days ago a TyTn and it worked fine, when somebody calls me it rings and vibrate, now it only vibrate and no sound is coming from the speaker. even when i change the ringer and test it: no sound. later it works again. did try hard reset and didn't install any software after 3/4 calls the sound stops again. all sounds even from media player???? any suggestions?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Have you updated the ROM to a different ROM? What version are you currently using?
Am I right in thinking you have absolutely no other applications installed? Not PhoneAlarm, SPB applications, anything?
it was brand new, no changes made, later i upgraded the rom with the original rom (was the same) no changes, just now 20 minutes ago i upgraded my radio to 1.16 hope this wil help.
before upgrading i did a hard rest and only synchronize my device but no programs. wil first solve this issue then install software.
mrijnvis said:
it was brand new, no changes made, later i upgraded the rom with the original rom (was the same) no changes, just now 20 minutes ago i upgraded my radio to 1.16 hope this wil help.
before upgrading i did a hard rest and only synchronize my device but no programs. wil first solve this issue then install software.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Good luck with that, it's a strange one, please let us know if the new Radio ROM fixes it, I was going to say I'm suprised, but it is a T-Mobile ROM... Always the last to release, always the first to fail...
nope is original rom from htc, provider is tmobile. device is unlocked

Phone Off on Power On, outgoing call problems, etc.

I am using the latest HTC ROM in the UK with Radio v. 1.03.03.10. When I restart the unit in the morning after switching the power off overnight the phone is off enough times to be a nuisance if I do not notice it. Occasionally it switches into flight mode when the unit is on as well, but this seems to be happening less frequently. I also sometimes have difficulty making outgoing calls, ie the call ends before even getting connected, and redialling will not work until I switch the phone off and back on again. Is anyone else having these problems? Is this an issue with the radio ROM? I have read about the difficulties with the latest Radio ROM upgrades on the forum, and if a Radio ROM upgrade would solve the problem I would appreciate some advice on the best one to go with for use primarily in Europe, with occasional travel to the US and Japan.
Hi, Sorry to hear about your issues, I and a couple others here have or had the problem with the phone being off/flightmode after turning it off, then back on.
Theres a another post about this somewhere..I was just too lazy to find it before I posted, and last I checked a true fix hadn't been found.
If I am correct it shouldn't occur if you only do a softreset, and if you look at your signal bars when you shut it off, it looks like it turns the phone/radio off during the shutdown process...that is normal I'm pretty sure, cause even when it worked correctly it still shut the phone off before a power off, I think the issue is related to the startup process and it isn't correctly turning it back on.
I have had it work fine for the longest, and then when I installed some software it quit, after the fresh installation of software it has worked again, also I notice if I power off the phone while its charging and then power it back on, it always works correctly.
I haven't had any actual incall/call issues myself I can't say if a Radio upgrade would help with that, but I don't suspect a radio only upgrade would help with the flight mode being on after a power down, but I am far from being positive, I think its installed software/ROM related, sorry I can't be of some real help, I'm dealing with it myself..its aggrivating to me, I have forgotten to turn flightmode off and missed calls for half a day untill I looked and noticed.
Start the improvement way by upgrading the Radio ROM
http://wiki.xda-developers.com/index.php?pagename=Hermes_ExtractedRadioRoms
Here you can find the 1.20 ROM, extracted from JASJAM ROM. Try to install it on your device.
Tell me about this.
Thanks for the feedback and the suggestions. Most helpful.
yes - i get that too - constantly (on a t-mob vario) - i get bumped off the network at least 5-10 times a day and it takes me anywhere between and 10 minutes to get back on. i also get bumped off systematically every night (i am always off when i get up).
calls too are a disaster - an average, it takes me 3 or 4 tries to complete a call when i have full network. (sometimes as much as 10-15 tries)
took my sim and put it into a magician and all went away, so *suppose* it could be a 3g thing, but i am really not convinced because the hermes does have a 2g radio as well (so it should fall back onto 2g whenever 3g fails...)
Not a Fix but a Working Solution
I started having the issue of the radio being off on startup a few weeks ago.
So I invested($10) in a copy of SK Softwares Scheduling Manager SKScheMa.
http://s-k-tools.com/index.html?skschema/m_skschema.html
This has a powerful scripting language and one of the script commands is "GPRS on"
I created a shortcut in the startup folder to a GPRS On script. and since then I have had no more problems.
i´ve the some problem, what do you do for no more problems ?¿?¿
thanks
Thanks for this. I will give it a try. Do you know by any chance if this also provides a way to have the phone ring through the speaker when it is connected to a Bluetooth headset?
>Thanks for this. I will give it a try. Do you know by any chance if this also provides a way to have the phone ring through the speaker when it is connected to a Bluetooth headset?<
If you are refering to SKSchema, then this should be possible. You can create a script that runs when a call is received.
The script can then instruct the phone to play a sound file.
We turned off the UMTS service and reverted back to GSM and that seems to have solved the issue.
Hope that helps.
Cheers,
J.
Just a slight update to maybe help find the cause, I had created a backup with spb before the problem occurred (minus pim data and emails not sure if it mattered) and after having the problem arise again and a few other issues, I decided to hard reset and try out the backup I made.
After installing my backup the problem was gone, and then I got bored the other day and installed some software, and I think removed some, and I had it happen once again after I had ran memmaid 1.72 and rebooted.
I don't know if it the software installaions that are causing it..but one thing that has been a constant is the memmaid, and it could even be my fault.
Is anyone having this happen to a basically oem device?
ChaoticDruid said:
Just a slight update to maybe help find the cause, I had created a backup with spb before the problem occurred (minus pim data and emails not sure if it mattered) and after having the problem arise again and a few other issues, I decided to hard reset and try out the backup I made.
After installing my backup the problem was gone, and then I got bored the other day and installed some software, and I think removed some, and I had it happen once again after I had ran memmaid 1.72 and rebooted.
I don't know if it the software installaions that are causing it..but one thing that has been a constant is the memmaid, and it could even be my fault.
Is anyone having this happen to a basically oem device?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, I can't exacly tell why but I get the same feeling about extra software.
After a hardreset or ROM upgrate (now Cing 1.34/radio 1.16) everything's fine. I deactivate ActiveSync and install some extra software (PocketZenPhone, Total Commander, Regedit, TomTom). After a few days still everything's fine. So I install some other software (SPB PocketPlus, Jetware, a today- and phoneskin) and still everything's fine for a few days. But then on a (not so) fine day: it hangs! The phone doesn't react or TomTom is hanging on the startup screen or the whole device is freezing. Why? I don't know, softreset and everythings fine for a few days.
I notices a few situations while it happened: first when I connected the carpower adapter and second a few times while receiving a phonecall (in my carkit and on poweroff).
Uninstalling everything doesn't seem to do the trick: it still hangs now and then. Also I dont have the patience to hardreset and use my device clean, without extra programs for a few weeks. But I guess in that case everything would be ok (?). But a device without the extra's has no use to me...
My feeling is that the installing the extra's causes a instability in the registry or elsewhere. I also have the feeling that the hardware causes certain instability: the gliding keyboard, the screen (alignmentproblems), the buttons, the SD-card, the network cards, bluetooth... (I had my device in repair with HCT because of the too easy gliding keyboard, the stylus, and the instability with TomTom, but those problems are solverd for now, exept for TomTom). So much hardware, so much software, all in one small device...
A small addition to my previous post: I think another possible cause for instability are the famous memoryleaks. Starting and stopping programs in my opinion never clears the whole memory, in spite of "real" programstoppers like SPB PocketPlus. After working a few days this could cause a freeze (?)

HD2 freezes after answering a call

Has anyone suffered this problem? Phone rings, I pick up the call, the screen shows connected and starts the call timer but you cant hear anyone the other end. hang up the call and the phone freezes with only a soft reset (taking battery out) works. I have a T-Mobile contract handset and was running the 1.43 rom. I thought maybe flashing to another rom might help so tried the 1.48 update but still having problems. I have hard reset and installed no software but still have the problem. Any ideas guys.....
Since I cant see this problem on the forum I'm guessing its hardware related. I guess I'm going to have to find the original T-Mobile rom and flash it back before returning.
hey, I had the same problem and had even started a thread today. I went for broke and did a hard reset and this has solved it. Back up all your info and hard reset and pronto good to go!!
I wish it was that easy for me. I have hard reset 3 times, the last time I didnt install any software just in case one of my apps was causing the problem.
Everything seemed fine for a day or so then someone called me and it crashed again.
HTC HD2 call crashe Bug
flashflash said:
I wish it was that easy for me. I have hard reset 3 times, the last time I didnt install any software just in case one of my apps was causing the problem.
Everything seemed fine for a day or so then someone called me and it crashed again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
it has happen to me 2 times in one month, first time i was listening some musique some one call and as soon the call ended it Freeze.
Another time the phone was on stand by and some one call, and could not answer the phone just freeze.
Why why why Is HTC brilliant
I have the same problem with my WWE HD2. It seems to be linked to music playback off a slow microSD card. I used to get the bug with a Class 2 16GB card if I happened to be listening to music while I received the phone. After tha call ended the playback would resume normally but after a while it would start to stutter (reminds me of a similar bug in the original Diamond, infact) and eventually stop. After that, the phone would just stop responding to any inputs.
After popping in a Class 6 8GB card the issue is gone.
novaci said:
I have the same problem with my WWE HD2. It seems to be linked to music playback off a slow microSD card. I used to get the bug with a Class 2 16GB card if I happened to be listening to music while I received the phone. After tha call ended the playback would resume normally but after a while it would start to stutter (reminds me of a similar bug in the original Diamond, infact) and eventually stop. After that, the phone would just stop responding to any inputs.
After popping in a Class 6 8GB card the issue is gone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Interesting you mention listening to music but for me the crash happens when the phone is in standby, caller id shows, then I hit the answer button and the call timer starts but I cant hear the caller. From then on, I can hang up and then a complete freeze. I wasnt listening to any music, the ring tone is on the phones memory not sd card, so not sure about the sd card connection. After my last HR I didnt install any software except resco file explorer and microsoft my phone. I still get a crash.
I was going to return the phone back to tmobile for repair but it sounds like its software related rather than hardware.
Flash,
Have a look at this thread...http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=468284 , act on it and see if it helps. Phone lockup in the way you described happened to me a couple of times when I first had the phone; no problems now.
WB
wacky.banana said:
Flash,
Have a look at this thread...http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=468284 , act on it and see if it helps. Phone lockup in the way you described happened to me a couple of times when I first had the phone; no problems now.
WB
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
was that the right thread you attached?
Anyone know of a solution to this as yet? Also happening to me - extermely frustrating.
flashflash said:
Has anyone suffered this problem? Phone rings, I pick up the call, the screen shows connected and starts the call timer but you cant hear anyone the other end. hang up the call and the phone freezes with only a soft reset (taking battery out) works. I have a T-Mobile contract handset and was running the 1.43 rom. I thought maybe flashing to another rom might help so tried the 1.48 update but still having problems. I have hard reset and installed no software but still have the problem. Any ideas guys.....
Since I cant see this problem on the forum I'm guessing its hardware related. I guess I'm going to have to find the original T-Mobile rom and flash it back before returning.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have the same problem but only when my band is switched to 3G but not every time.
Daniel
I have had my phone since Xmas no problems, updated to 1.66 ROM and have had this issue twice since.
DexterDuck said:
I have had my phone since Xmas no problems, updated to 1.66 ROM and have had this issue twice since.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Me too. i didn't had this problem with Rom 1.43
Found solution guys! It was me not closing down the radio before pulling the headset out. I have not experienced the issue anymore.
flashflash said:
Found solution guys! It was me not closing down the radio before pulling the headset out. I have not experienced the issue anymore.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What do you mean by "not closing down the radio" ?
Daniel
Sorry, I forgot the FM bit. In the past I used to listen to the FM Radio and pull the headphones out and the handset I thought automatically closed the FM app down. Any calls recieved on the handset after this would hang the HD2 after picking up the call. Up until the phone rang the HD2 would perform as normal, it was just an incomming call that triggered a crash. You could even make an outgoing call without a problem!
Now I close the FM app (by using the standbye icon on the app) first, then pull the headphones out. Not had the issue again.
Not solved for us that this happens to everytime... i can reset myphone and try to call right after the reset and it still happens.... I cant make a call or recieve a call at all lol
I had the same problem with radio rom 2.06.50.04 and 2.07.50.27 and miri's rom 6.5 v4.0.
Flashing to dutty's HG v0.8 rom with radio rom 2.07.50.27 solved it.
I had the problem with Dutty's v.06 and now have it with RoMEoS Rom....Don't think it is the Rom, and thought it was an app I isntalled until the OP said that he still had the problem with it even with no apps installed...
Bowhuntr11 said:
I had the problem with Dutty's v.06 and now have it with RoMEoS Rom....Don't think it is the Rom, and thought it was an app I isntalled until the OP said that he still had the problem with it even with no apps installed...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You might wanna try some different radio roms. Not really sure if it helps, but I guess the radio rom deals with calls etc.
Hmmm alright I will try that, I didn't think the radio rom's would freeze the phone...but I will try that as soon as I can get home.

Can't make calls & won't hang up (HD2/leo)

Can anyone help??
I've had my leo for a while now and I love the phone with one major exception.....
Sometimes when I call a contact nothing happens then after an eternity, 2minutes, the call is placed. I have good network connection and have tried it with and without 3G.
When this error is present I also get a problem whereby I can't hang up.
This seems to be a software problem. I'm on the T-mobile network in the UK. Does anyone else have the same problem?
I couldn't find anything on the forums. I've tried stripping programs/software off and have tried both hard and soft resets. The problem appeared to go away after a hard reset but then appear again weeks later for no apparent reason.
I have the original ROM version (1.43.110.2) and no significant mod's apart from Cookie home screen tabs and a few simple registry tweaks.
Any help guys, I'm contemplating taking the phone back but will I just end up with a reconditioned model? Mine's in mint condition and I don't want to end up with some banged up phone.
Hi, Did the phone work before the reg tweaks and software installation? A new T-Mobile UK ROM was published on the 15th, it might be an idea for you to flash your phone, test it then tweak, if it doesn't work after you flash it then speak to T-Mobile. If it workls after you flash it but not after you tweak then there's your problem Here is the link to HTC's UK web site with the download. I'd guess that T-Mobile will have a link on their support site for it too, somewhere: http://www.htc.com/uk/SupportDownloadList.aspx?p_id=297&act=sd&cat=2.
Hope this helps.
Mine does the same thing. Also mine also freezes when I get incoming calls. After I talk to the other person, I can't hang up. It's frozen. I have to hit the reset button on the back or take out the batter. I have two HD2's T-Mobile US Versions on release day.
I did do some HD2 tweaks to turn on the LED when I get messages though.
I'm going to reset both devices and see what happens. Maybe the old softwares don't work on the HD2 even though it's for WinMo 6.5.
I really hope it work, because I hate to return the unit. It's a beautiful hardware.
Thanks CMMY, I'll try installing the new ROM as soon as I get a chance.
I didn't have the problem before installing software/tweaks; but then again it was only probably a couple of days before I played around with it. After I did a hard reset and reinstalled some software it was working fine for at least a week before the problem re-occured, which seemed quite strange. Today the phone is working fine but will undoubtedly return, the fault seems entirely intermittent.
Daily driver: I also have the same problem when recieving calls. I'll let you know how I get on.
Same problem here, my phone is 3 days old and I have to remove the battery to end most calls, did a master reset and thought that fixed it. Couple hours later it was back at it. I'm using a tmobile hd2. This seems to be a very common problem, hope they come out with a patch soon..
Same problem here, hope it gets fixed someday
same problem
all the same..
t mobile croatia..
cant make phone call
cant hang up
...
all other provider sim works fine
help..
Do any of you use BSB tweeks?
steveianson said:
Do any of you use BSB tweeks?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I am using it and i also have the same problem with the calls. This issue manifested before and also after BSB instalation.
I am using an orange branded rom 1.48
hionuth said:
I am using it and i also have the same problem with the calls. This issue manifested before and also after BSB instalation.
I am using an orange branded rom 1.48
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try un-ticking "Tap Time"
it seems its a network related problem...
sim related...
got to ask for super sim..
like the data connection stops calls..
with a super sim the problem is much smoller.. :?
steveianson said:
Try un-ticking "Tap Time"
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This worked for me, thanks
I have this issue across diffrent roms, soft reboot does not fix it. just fixes itself after a while
Hi
Did you find a solution to this problem?
I'm using GSM HD2 Europe.
This problem start occurring after a while when I was using 29 Aug Energy rom.
After a reset the phone work ok for few hours.
When to problem start, the send physical button does not work.
if I want to make a call I must use the "phone" from the start menu.
When I try to end the call, the phone software stop responding, but the operation system keeps working.
In order to end the call I must remove the battery.
I when back to the original rom 1.66 from HTC site.
the problem still exist but less frequently.
(by the way the original rom work much slower then the energy custom rom.)
I’m wasting so much time on this phone, and I’m on the verge of giving up .
I will be happy to get some help.
Thanks
Ran S
If you do not have BsB tweaks, but used tweak #44 in "Leo's tips and tweaks", this can cause problems for some.
can't hangup
I found the reason for this problem. (at least for the specific problem I had)
I'm using resco keyboard.
if I leave the Caps lock on after using the keyboard, then the "Send" HW button does not work, and you can't hangup calls.
by opening the keyboard again and releasing the caps lock the all work fine again.
I've also had this problem... Made me consider selling this otherwise great HD2, sometimes even running it over with a car
When I want to make a call, phone just won't dial - it freezes, but everything else works fine (only "phone app" freezes). So, I give up the call. Few minutes later, it unfreezes, and phone starts calling. Usually, from my pocket. Also, after a call, I can't hang up. I often ended up with removing the battery.
I tried everything...
Restarting the phone makes everything ok, but only for a few minutes.
Installing different app, tweaks, etc - nothing.
Removing everything and returning the phone to factory settings - nothing.
Then, I remembered to disable Sense. That was it. I have used the phone without Sense for months, and it didn't happen. Not even ONCE!
Can anybody here do anything with this?
I still want to use Sense because it looks awsome, way better than Windows interface...
You could try a custom rom. I have been using Dutty's latest and greatest without any of the problems you're describing.

[Q] No Voice (incoming or outgoing) on Nexus 4?

OK, having a huge problem with my Nexus 4. I'm still running stock kernel/ROM (although I am rooted) and everything about the phone works great EXCEPT for the phone itself! What I mean by this is: everything works (data, texts, tethering, et cetera), I can make and receive calls... but on those calls, there is no sound in *either direction*; when on a call, the mic doesn't pick up my voice, nor does the speaker relay the caller's voice. WTF?
My in-call volume is set to maximum, as checked via Power Toggles.
I've also noticed that the phone has a hell of a time hanging up after a call. For instance, I make a call on the N4 (again, no voice/sound during said call), and when I go to hang up the phone screen simply says "hanging up" and hangs like that for almost a minute. If I try to make another call after that, I get an error "Call Not Sent".
Any ideas how I might be able to track this problem down?
I should also mention that I don't know how long this problem has been present. I really don't use voice calling very much. When I tested the phone when I first received it, I simply made a call from it and to it from our land line and made sure it rang... I didn't think that there might be any issues with the call itself!
I have a brand new N4 that I just rooted using WugFresh toolkit and I see now that I can't hear anything during a call nor can the other person hear anything.
I've tried downgrading to .33 and .27. Also reflashing .48 with no success.
What should I do?
If you are experiencing the same problem I was, it wasn't fixable. I tried everything (reflashing stock, trying different ROMs, etc.)... and apparently it was just a hardware defect. I contacted Google and after explaining the issue (which they hadn't heard about at that point) they shipped me a new phone, which works perfectly.
I would highly recommend not wasting your time trying to diagnose the issue further and get in touch with Google about getting a replacement.
Cheers,
Matt
Thanks a lot for getting back to me. I contacted them and they already sent a replacement unit.
I found a thread on Google forums with six pages of people complaining about this. Apparently is not an isolated problem. Half of the people have the problem after updating to 4.2.2 and the other half (last pages) are all with new phones (4.2.2).
jumped in been a while since I had a play with LS - first impression love the splash screen :good:
Same problem, no warranty
Lucky you guys who were still under warranty. My Nexus 4 is 2 years old now and I just got this problem. It seems to be software related. The mic and speaker works for anything else other than placing phone calls. Furthermore, even if I plug a standard headset thought the 3.5mm jack, still no luck. The same with bluetooth headset.
It's interesting that when this problem started I would be able to place or receive a call once per reboot, i.e., after rebooting, the speaker and mic would work on the first call, but not for the second call unless I reboot the phone. Now I doesn't work even after reboot.
Gargabe?
Hi,
I have exactly same problem with sound during call. I'm using CM11. It doesn't matter if it is nightly or snapshot, simply there is no sound during call. Everything except calling works fine - music, ringing etc.
Restart didn't fork for me and also deleting application data has no effect. I've found only one solution - factory reset approximately each week. It is obvious that this is only workaround and not real solution.
I don't know if it is HW or SW issue. Strange think is that factory reset helps.
Any ideas are welcome. Thank you in advance.
novicz said:
Hi,
I have exactly same problem with sound during call. I'm using CM11. It doesn't matter if it is nightly or snapshot, simply there is no sound during call. Everything except calling works fine - music, ringing etc.
Restart didn't fork for me and also deleting application data has no effect. I've found only one solution - factory reset approximately each week. It is obvious that this is only workaround and not real solution.
I don't know if it is HW or SW issue. Strange think is that factory reset helps.
Any ideas are welcome. Thank you in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have the same problem.
Reverting to stock solved the issue form me until a fix for CM11 will be found.
BTW there is a bug report for CM11.
I can't post links but the code is CYAN-5728 on the CM bugtracking system.
novicz said:
Hi,
I have exactly same problem with sound during call. I'm using CM11. It doesn't matter if it is nightly or snapshot, simply there is no sound during call. Everything except calling works fine - music, ringing etc.
Restart didn't fork for me and also deleting application data has no effect. I've found only one solution - factory reset approximately each week. It is obvious that this is only workaround and not real solution.
I don't know if it is HW or SW issue. Strange think is that factory reset helps.
Any ideas are welcome. Thank you in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The issue is with Google Play Services. more specifically the checkin service within it.
(this is from the CM bugtracking system , code: CYAN-5728, as stated by pupillo)
download/install the app "DisableService" from the play store. (must be rooted)
under the [System] tab, browse to "Google Play Services", tap it, then browse to "checkinservice", uncheck. (it will prompt for superuser, allow)
restart phone
try placing/receiving a call
none of u guys spent even 1 second to check this forums for answer. there have been at least 2-3 threads about this issue, all of them containing/linking to the fix.

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