Related
Nandroid is just a script. Rooting is another topic. This is to allow you to backup your data before you root. It's simple, fast and easy.
Download http://www.multiupload.com/K4BZ22SIT5
Clear the data for Google apps, and system components such as Browser, to prevent force closes during restore.
If you skip this step, at the end of the guide clear dalvik, fix permissions, and clear the data for the items that keep closing.
adb push psneuter /data/local/psneuter
adb shell chmod 777 /data/local/psneuter
adb shell /data/local/psneuter
adb shell dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0p26 of=/sdcard/data.img
Your data is now backed up. Sdcard apps will still be on your sdcard, and cache and dalvik need to be cleared anyway. System apps will be replaced and the settings for them is already included in data. In short, you only really need data.
Root your device. After you have rooted, updated, and are on the stock rooted build (before a custom rom for best compatibility), restore your data.
adb shell dd if=/sdcard/data.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0p26
Now do a titanium backup if you plan to install a ROM that wipes data, install whatever ROM you planned, and restore titanium (if needed).
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
Thanks. I'm always amazed at the ideas you come up with. Getting ready to try out ubuntu on the bolt.
Sent from my ADR6400L using XDA App
Thanks, I have been hoping for something like this.
You are basically doing a temp root, right? Genius. Would it be possible to then push/install a backup program (mybackup pro, Titanium, etc) and run it? I guess you would also need to get superuser in first.
tsachi said:
You are basically doing a temp root, right? Genius. Would it be possible to then push/install a backup program (mybackup pro, Titanium, etc) and run it? I guess you would also need to get superuser in first.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It is possible, but in actually attempting to install Titanium during the process, I spent 15 minutes doing the temp root and this backup, 4 hours playing with su binaries and superuser apps without getting any combination to play nice, 10 minutes rooting and 20 minutes restoring this backup. It is all about efficiency...
so if I'm reading this right, this will allow restoring of data for games? That's the only thing keeping my wife from rooting.
Yes. You can re install the apps, then restore data files manually after root.
My wife is the same, won't root of I can't restore things after
nrfitchett4 said:
so if I'm reading this right, this will allow restoring of data for games? That's the only thing keeping my wife from rooting.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sent from a gingerbread thunderbolt
True
twistedumbrella said:
It is possible, but in actually attempting to install Titanium during the process, I spent 15 minutes doing the temp root and this backup, 4 hours playing with su binaries and superuser apps without getting any combination to play nice, 10 minutes rooting and 20 minutes restoring this backup. It is all about efficiency...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sent from a gingerbread thunderbolt
tsachi said:
Yes. You can re install the apps, then restore data files manually after root.
My wife is the same, won't root of I can't restore things after
Sent from a gingerbread thunderbolt
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ok, so do the backup, root, reinstall her games, etc (nothing system), then use adb to restore data.
Makes complete sense as long as I don't think about it too hard...
nrfitchett4 said:
so if I'm reading this right, this will allow restoring of data for games? That's the only thing keeping my wife from rooting.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Same with my friend, until he lost signal while I was at 3 bars and he got sick of the battery life
nrfitchett4 said:
ok, so do the backup, root, reinstall her games, etc (nothing system), then use adb to restore data.
Makes complete sense as long as I don't think about it too hard...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Don't reinstall anything. Just clear out data for generic system apps (because his browser and gapps force closed until we did) backup, root, restore. The games are in the backup.
And yes, the ScriptFusion AutoBot already has this capability built in. When it detects you don't have root, it will perform the backup, and when you return after rooting it will restore it. It is actually about two steps away from being able to root a phone. Should be capable later this week.
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
Almost done building an app to walk you through the entire root with backup process.
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
From a similar thread quoted by jcase:
I advise against using this backup method, taking a DD of /data while its r/w can lead to corruption.
A better idea would be to push su (aka a temp root) into your path and use something like titanium backup to backup you data.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1174487
yareally said:
From a similar thread quoted by jcase:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1174487
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, thanks. That is there for people who don't think to walk away during the process and not cause data to be changed until it finishes, which is the real risk. As stated, this was tested. You are more than welcome to add additional findings, but EVERYTHING can risk corruption. You are playing with the bootloader, which could cause a brick... Did you root anyway? There ya go...
As for the app, that actually does a temp root with su included, which is actually a whitelist temp root (psneuter already gave you a temp root) and offers the chance to perform a backup before proceeding, either with dd or titanium.
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
twistedumbrella said:
Yeah, thanks. That is there for people who don't think to walk away during the process and not cause data to be changed until it finishes, which is the real risk. As stated, this was tested. You are more than welcome to add additional findings, but EVERYTHING can risk corruption. You are playing with the bootloader, which could cause a brick... Did you root anyway? There ya go...
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, I don't see the problem in doing what you were trying either, just wanted to bring it up . I would probably back it up outside of the booted OS area though just to be safe, like in recovery where can access adb still. Not sure if you can in hboot offhand though.
yareally said:
Yeah, I don't see the problem in doing what you were trying either, just wanted to bring it up . I would probably back it up outside of the booted OS area though just to be safe, like in recovery where can access adb still. Not sure if you can in hboot offhand though.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You would need root to root in recovery, which is a slight problem.
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
twistedumbrella said:
You would need root to root in recovery, which is a slight problem.
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's why I mentioned hboot (the bootloader) as well, which you wouldnt need to, though I am not sure if adb detects the device in hboot. Not at a computer, so I can't try at the moment. Please don't half read what I write. I would like to try to help out if possible.
yareally said:
That's why I mentioned hboot (the bootloader) as well, which you wouldnt need to, though I am not sure if adb detects the device in hboot. Not at a computer, so I can't try at the moment. Please don't half read what I write. I would like to try to help out if possible.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Wow, lol. Well I don't quite understand what you mean "which you wouldn't need to". I read the full comment, but tried to bypass the parts that showed complete lack of understanding as to why rooting is done the way it is, but since you called me out on it... The device detects usb in fastboot, but cannot flash a radio there due to s-on. It detects in recovery due to modifications to the image that require the capability to flash modified images. The temp root works like my script, in that it tricks the system into believing it is unlocked, while other things are done to allow it to be truly unlocked, at which time a replacement image is loaded. Help me help you by at least researching the process before trying to alter it. Thanks.
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
twistedumbrella said:
Wow, lol. Well I don't quite understand what you mean "which you wouldn't need to". I read the full comment, but tried to bypass the parts that showed complete lack of understanding as to why rooting is done the way it is, but since you called me out on it... The device detects usb in fastboot, but cannot flash a radio there due to s-on. It detects in recovery due to modifications to the image that require the capability to flash modified images. The temp root works like my script, in that it tricks the system into believing it is unlocked, while other things are done to allow it to be truly unlocked, at which time a replacement image is loaded. Help me help you by at least researching the process before trying to alter it. Thanks.
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Eh, call me out, i dont care, it's just the internet and it's not the first or the last time I will be incorrect.
You are right though after trying in the bootloader myself. I only meant to do the datadump part, nothing else outside the os area.
yareally said:
Eh, call me out, i dont care, it's just the internet and it's not the first or the last time I will be incorrect.
You are right though after trying in the bootloader myself. I only meant to do the datadump part, nothing else outside the os area.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
twistedumbrella said:
I read the full comment, but tried to bypass the parts that showed complete lack of understanding as to why rooting is done the way it is, but since you called me out on it...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yareally said:
Please don't half read what I write.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
twistedumbrella said:
Almost done building an app to walk you through the entire root with backup process.
Sent from my ADR6400L using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How is this coming along?
Hello, I have had my nexus 7 for about 2 days and have set everything up how I want it. From what I've read you can't root without erasing everything. If this is the case are there any apps that will back up my applications + app settings?
Thanks
dizzdiamonds said:
Hello, I have had my nexus 7 for about 2 days and have set everything up how I want it. From what I've read you can't root without erasing everything. If this is the case are there any apps that will back up my applications + app settings?
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
titanium backup ftw
funkyboy1281 said:
titanium backup ftw
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks, I was under the assumption that TB only works on rooted devices. I will give it a shot anyways.
tb only does work on rooted devices.. u should of rooted it right out of box so u wouldnt have to erase anything
dizzdiamonds said:
Thanks, I was under the assumption that TB only works on rooted devices. I will give it a shot anyways.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
probably would've helped if I actually read the question word for word...oops
dizzdiamonds said:
If this is the case are there any apps that will back up my applications + app settings?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can backup most of your device with 'adb backup' before you do the unlock and then 'adb restore' it afterwards. It seems to miss certain things, like paid apps (or it did for me), so if those apps have options to dump config backups to /sdcard that would help in case you have to restore them.
movieaddict said:
tb only does work on rooted devices.. u should of rooted it right out of box so u wouldnt have to erase anything
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Doh! I've made the same mistake as wel!
Harry GT-S5830 said:
ADB Backup & ADB Restore
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nvm, already posted.
It's not rooting that causes you the wipe, it's unlocking.
However no one has made a way to root without unlocking first.
So if someone figures out how to just root, it would be fine.
Cryingmoose said:
It's not rooting that causes you the wipe, it's unlocking.
However no one has made a way to root without unlocking first.
So if someone figures out how to just root, it would be fine.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So, I rooted my Nexus 7 a while back (using the Nexus Root Toolkit), then when Google pushed out the JB 4.1.2 Update, the root access vanished, should just clicking the root button re-root it without wiping everything?
hydroxyde said:
You can backup most of your device with 'adb backup' before you do the unlock and then 'adb restore' it afterwards. It seems to miss certain things, like paid apps (or it did for me), so if those apps have options to dump config backups to /sdcard that would help in case you have to restore them.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
1. adb backup
2. unlock
3. adb restore
Or do I need to root as well and restore at last?
mgutt said:
1. adb backup
2. unlock
3. adb restore
Or do I need to root as well and restore at last?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Anybody answering?
I also have a Nexus 7 well setup and would like to understand how to root it without scratching data on it...
if eventually this could work, it would be great. SO, adb backup and then adb restore after unlocking?:crying:
1. adb backup
2. unlock
3. adb restore
Or do I need to root as well and restore at last?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It doesn't matter.
Unlocking is what erases the data, what you do afterwards doesn't make any difference.
But since you're already hooking up N7 to PC and booting it in all these weird modes, you might as well finish what you start.
I also have a Nexus 7 well setup and would like to understand how to root it without scratching data on it...
if eventually this could work, it would be great. SO, adb backup and then adb restore after unlocking?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can't unlock the bootloader without erasing data.
You can use adb backup, but I just manually backed up what I needed (launcher settings, apps are downloaded automatically from play store, 'sd card' stuff, you don't really need anything else.) Besides, you're gonna be playing with all the settings all the time anyway for next couple of weeks , it doesn't really matter if they get erased.
Ramstein said:
Anybody answering?
I also have a Nexus 7 well setup and would like to understand how to root it without scratching data on it...
if eventually this could work, it would be great. SO, adb backup and then adb restore after unlocking?:crying:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did that and it worked. I wanted the savegame of Final Fantasy III that is located in data/data/... after restoring the data the Nexus was still unlocked.
I rooted and now cant access the google app store and my weatherbug elite seems to not be loading. What can I do?
douggiephresh said:
I rooted and now cant access the google app store and my weatherbug elite seems to not be loading. What can I do?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please link to the root guide you followed. After you rooted did you do anything else to the phone? You can try downloading the .apk file for the google play store. There are guides online to install .apk files manually.
http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/04/25/download-latest-google-play-store-4-0-27/
I used the motochopper method. I have since installed titanium backup pro but I had this problem before installing that.
douggiephresh said:
I used the motochopper method. I have since installed titanium backup pro but I had this problem before installing that.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You may want to try restoring to factory with Kies and trying again.
Having already rooted wont effect a factory reset? Have you rooted your S4 using the same method?
I am actually restoring my rooted phone with Kies right now. I can confirm after its done that there weren't any issues. There is a disclaimer in Kies saying there may be issues if your phone is rooted.
Where did you find that option in kies?
douggiephresh said:
Where did you find that option in kies?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
With your phone plugged in go to Tools > Upgrade firmware
And mine just finished successfully.
Remember you can delete busybox and su in your system directory to unroot your phone before you system restore in Kies.
Relys said:
Remember you can delete busybox and su in your system directory to unroot your phone before you system restore in Kies.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the tip, didn't know that.
RandomHandle said:
Thanks for the tip, didn't know that.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Here's the source:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2257058
I personally testing it and it works. The method to return the status from "Custom" to "Official" while keeping root was very nice.
Hi there, I'm new to the Galaxy S5 forum and don't actually own the device itself yet, but I'm planning on getting it in a few months so here goes my ? :
Since I've got around 300 apps on my current phone, I don't wanna download and update each apps's settings all over again when I get my new S5 and I was wondering if doing a nandroid backup of my S3 Mini containing just the "data" partition and restoring it on the S5 will work and all of my apps will be copied over with all of their settings untouched, BUT I also won't lose any of the preinstalled apps on the S5 itself?
Or maybe I can try this app and make flashable zips of my apps and then flash them on the GS5?
This has always been the main trouble I have had when switching phones before, though I never switched from Android to Android. Hope someone can shed some light on my question and make me buy the S5 sooner Good night all!!
P.S. I DON'T CARE ABOUT KNOX AND SUCH CRAP. THE FIRST DAY I GET MY PHONE IT'S GONNA BE ROOTED AND WITH TWRP INSTALLED.
Try Helium app from goggle --> „Helium - App Sync and Backup”
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.koushikdutta.backup or try Titanium Backup
*elmo* said:
Try Helium app from goggle --> „Helium - App Sync and Backup”
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.koushikdutta.backup or try Titanium Backup
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Will do, but will any of the methods I described work? I just don't wanna install an app if it is possible just with TWRP.
I have used titanium backup pro for 5 years and even more phones. I have never had a problem with any of the backups or restores.
metalfan78 said:
I have used titanium backup pro for 5 years and even more phones. I have never had a problem with any of the backups or restores.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Titanium is the best. Additionally you can remove or frezze system app....
Ok. Titanium it is then. 10x for the help guys
Sent from my " Black Beauty " using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
koragg97 said:
Ok. Titanium it is then. 10x for the help guys
Sent from my " Black Beauty " using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My Backup Pro is also a good choice.
koragg97 said:
P.S. I DON'T CARE ABOUT KNOX AND SUCH CRAP. THE FIRST DAY I GET MY PHONE IT'S GONNA BE ROOTED AND WITH TWRP INSTALLED.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1 for Titanium backup.
Other method, google for nandroid manager (need root so).
Just copy your (previous) recovery backup on phone, and restore via nandroid manager all that you want.
Be aware of system apps not to restore of course.
Good luck
Franky
fgth90 said:
+1 for Titanium backup.
Other method, google for nandroid manager (need root so).
Just copy your (previous) recovery backup on phone, and restore via nandroid manager all that you want.
Be aware of system apps not to restore of course.
Good luck
Franky
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Won't this actually work just by hitting restore in TWRP and choosing only the "data" part of my backup (why an app)? Or maybe TWRP won't recognise my S3 Mini backup, because it's from another phone?
koragg97 said:
Won't this actually work just by hitting restore in TWRP and choosing only the "data" part of my backup (why an app)? Or maybe TWRP won't recognise my S3 Mini backup, because it's from another phone?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, I don't think so.
AFAIK, restoring data will restore all data without restrictions, and it could be bad if you come from another phone or ROM.
With nandroid manager, you can choose what you want to restore (app or app+data) for user app or system app, for every app you want.
You have to copy your last backup from old phone to new one, choose it by nandroid manager then navigate for options of restore.
You can restore bluetooth-wifi pairings, sms, mms, call logs, and apps (app or app+data).
Google for a tuto on "how to", here's an exemple http://www.informationlord.com/how-to-restore-nandroid-backup-without-cwm/.
Good luck
Franky
fgth90 said:
No, I don't think so.
AFAIK, restoring data will restore all data without restrictions, and it could be bad if you come from another phone or ROM.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think that choosing Advanced Restore in TWRP settings gets you to this window and then you choose what to restore. It's the same with backing up, you choose backup and then select with "x" the partitions you wanna backup. I just didn't know if restoring just "data" will break my phone, but now I know it won't, because when the phone is new there aren't going to be any apps installed in the "data" partition (all are pre-installed in "system"). So I'll just have to go to TWRP, choose advanced restore and only select "data" with "x", then swipe to restore. If something goes wrong I can always go back to recovery and wipe "data" (I'll still have all of my system apps) or even flash a stock ROM with Odin
koragg97 said:
I think that choosing Advanced Restore in TWRP settings gets you to this window and then you choose what to restore. It's the same with backing up, you choose backup and then select with "x" the partitions you wanna backup. I just didn't know if restoring just "data" will break my phone, but now I know it won't, because when the phone is new there aren't going to be any apps installed in the "data" partition (all are pre-installed in "system"). So I'll just have to go to TWRP, choose advanced restore and only select "data" with "x", then swipe to restore. If something goes wrong I can always go back to recovery and wipe "data" (I'll still have all of my system apps) or even flash a stock ROM with Odin
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yep, starting from zero = you risk nothing
Could you please report and say if it's ok or not (just to have the info).
Thanks in advance
Franky
fgth90 said:
Yep, starting from zero = you risk nothing
Could you please report and say if it's ok or not (just to have the info).
Thanks in advance
Franky
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ok, but I'm not getting my S5 since Christmas (maybe even February) so you might have to wait a bit Thanks for the tips, though
Sent from my " Black Beauty " using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
koragg97 said:
Ok, but I'm not getting my S5 since Christmas (maybe even February) so you might have to wait a bit Thanks for the tips, though
Sent from my " Black Beauty " using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
the least we can say is that you'll be prepared!
fgth90 said:
the least we can say is that you'll be prepared!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yup xD
Sent from my " Black Beauty " using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
It's almost here
My S5 arrives next week I'm gonna use this app, because I don't want to restore all of my apps (gonna flash Alliance 5.6 so.. xD). Will report if it works, as promised
A word of caution.......
Your new S5 will be preinstalled with KK.
If your old phone has a different version of Android, be VERY cautious about installing app data.....There is a very good chance that doing so will cause instability and force closes of your apps.......
Restoring the apps themselves this way shouldn't cause any issue......you'll just see a message that says something like "android is upgrading.......1 of xx apps" before your phone starts.....but as I said, data *may* prove to be a whole other issue.......
Sent from my rooted Kn0x0 SM-G900F S5
Sooo... here I am. It worked 50% with ZipMe. Apps copied but their data didn't.
Sent from my " Black Beauty " using Tapatalk mobile app
Any one have any suggestions on doing backups on the phone? I had titanium backup as a root option, but I do not know of anything for non rooted phones. Thoughts?
Smart switch from samsung.
ravijani said:
Smart switch from samsung.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Does it do a full backup? And to where, PC? The only reason I'm thinking of installing TWRP is to allow system/data full backup, in case boot failures happen (like it occasionally did w/ my previous N4). Hope there's a way w/ stock.
Helium backup used to do a full backup without root but it hasn't been updated in a couple of years now.
ravijani said:
Smart switch from samsung.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Doesnt do a good job. I managed to crash my operating system and not everything was restorable.
sherpa25 said:
Does it do a full backup? And to where, PC? The only reason I'm thinking of installing TWRP is to allow system/data full backup, in case boot failures happen (like it occasionally did w/ my previous N4). Hope there's a way w/ stock.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Smart switch is best that gets all things backed up but do not restore it on bumped version of android or another device that would brick or crash phone.
badger101 said:
Doesnt do a good job. I managed to crash my operating system and not everything was restorable.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did u restore on same samsung ux/note9 version backup or you had note 8/ other samsung phone backup you restored?
ravijani said:
Smart switch is best that gets all things backed up but do not restore it on bumped version of android or another device that would brick or crash phone.
Did u restore on same samsung ux/note9 version backup or you had note 8/ other samsung phone backup you restored?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Same verison and phone.
In addition both Google and Samsung backup are useful
ravijani said:
Smart switch is best that gets all things backed up but do not restore it on bumped version of android or another device that would brick or crash phone.
Did u restore on same samsung ux/note9 version backup or you had note 8/ other samsung phone backup you restored?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I backed up my note 8 minus all the substratum overlays and restored it to my note 9 , no issues.
Sent from my SM-N960U1 using Tapatalk
Limeybastard said:
I backed up my note 8 minus all the substratum overlays and restored it to my note 9 , no issues.
Sent from my SM-N960U1 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can it do a backup to PC, aside from to SD Card? Currently have no need for a new SD Card, and my existing lacks space.
Saw an app SynciOS but haven't tried it yet.
I used helium for backing up and restoring data. It works. For some reason it did not restore the apk's which you can restore from smart switch or google, or just manually. Then Helium can restore the data after the app is installed.
Without root there is NO option to backup app data as titanium does. Helium only backups the data of a FEW apps, but even then it doesnt work 100%
sadly smart switch doesnt backup app data
so if you want to 100% backup all of ur app data, ur gonna need to root and install titanium
sherpa25 said:
Can it do a backup to PC, aside from to SD Card? Currently have no need for a new SD Card, and my existing lacks space.
Saw an app SynciOS but haven't tried it yet.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes I use smartswitch to back to my PC .
Sent from my SM-N960U1 using Tapatalk
Limeybastard said:
Yes I use smartswitch to back to my PC .
Sent from my SM-N960U1 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I dont see an option in Smart Switch to backup to PC. Can you show a screenshot of the option to do that? This is all I see, attached.
sherpa25 said:
I dont see an option in Smart Switch to backup to PC. Can you show a screenshot of the option to do that? This is all I see, attached.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You need to download smartswitch app for your PC as well as the Samsung usb drivers I believe as a prerequisite.
You're basically going to use the PC version , not the phone version to backup to PC.
Sent from my SM-N960U1 using Tapatalk
Limeybastard said:
You need to download smartswitch app for your PC as well as the Samsung usb drivers I believe as a prerequisite.
You're basically going to use the PC version , not the phone version to backup to PC.
Sent from my SM-N960U1 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Got that, will try it out tom. Thanks.