Battery Problem when Upgraded to 4.4.2 in SM-N900 - Galaxy Note 3 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

• Hi, i have Note 3 SM-N900 and it consumes the battery tremendously after i upgraded it from Android 4.3 to Android 4.4.2 .
• Consumption even in sleep mode .
• The mobile is hot in sleep mode. also, it's too hot when i turn on the screen .
• Note that when the system was 4.3 were not the problem exists .
• I downgraded it to 4.3 by install PGU-N900UBUBMI5 rom but the problem still exists .
-- Battey Status :
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
-- Power Saving : Enabled
-- Screen Bright : Auto (0)
-- Programs Turned Off :
Bloomberg+, Google Play Games, Google Play services, Google Play Store, Google Search, Google Services Framework, Google+, Hangouts, S Voice, Samsung Apps, Samsung Apps Widget, Samsung Link .
Motions Controls are disabled All :
What is the solution , plz?

plz, Help !!

abdo2a said:
plz, Help !!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Have you done a factory reset after upgrading to 4.4.2.
I did and battery usage in 4.4.2. is way better...
ps havind the pictures in original resolution doesnt make it an easy read on pc...

HanZie82 said:
Have you done a factory reset after upgrading to 4.4.2.
I did and battery usage in 4.4.2. is way better...
ps havind the pictures in original resolution doesnt make it an easy read on pc...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yes, i do factory reset after upgrading but the problem still exists !
notice : when i boot the mobile to download mode and leave it also consumes the battery tremendously
Help me

I’m not a android technical guy but it looks like a higher background process issue. Disabling unnecessary system apps is a good idea but disabling manufacturer system apps isn’t a good idea. I’ve doubts those appa you’ve disabled listed below. I should never disable these at all.
Google Play services, Google Play Store, Google Services Framework, Samsung Apps, Samsung Apps Widget, Samsung Link.
The system runs in full process when its looking for something and its not getting the right thing which it needs. Getting the phone hot is an indication for that, like its gets hot when playing large games. The cpu is running with full capacity. Also if the mobile data (3G/HSPDA) running constantly that is a plus point for making it hot and draining battery. Using WIFI most of the time consumes way to less battery.
Also check the RAM and CPU usage if possible, I doubt both will be high. And turn those apps on and keep all updated then do a factory reset, better by hard reset (not from setting menu). I hope this issue will be fixed.

soumen.sam said:
I’m not a android technical guy but it looks like a higher background process issue. Disabling unnecessary system apps is a good idea but disabling manufacturer system apps isn’t a good idea. I’ve doubts those appa you’ve disabled listed below. I should never disable these at all.
Google Play services, Google Play Store, Google Services Framework, Samsung Apps, Samsung Apps Widget, Samsung Link.
The system runs in full process when its looking for something and its not getting the right thing which it needs. Getting the phone hot is an indication for that, like its gets hot when playing large games. The cpu is running with full capacity. Also if the mobile data (3G/HSPDA) running constantly that is a plus point for making it hot and draining battery. Using WIFI most of the time consumes way to less battery.
Also check the RAM and CPU usage if possible, I doubt both will be high. And turn those apps on and keep all updated then do a factory reset, better by hard reset (not from setting menu). I hope this issue will be fixed.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've done everything you said, but the problem is not solved

Finaly
Problem Sloved .. I Downgrade from 4.4.2 to 4.3 with successfully from this thread
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=52408318#post52408318
thanks for help

Related

Android 5.1 bugs

Anyone else who has Android 5.1 on their Moto X Pure Edition noticing these bugs?
1. screen glitches
2. Phone app sometimes opens and crashes
2A. Contacts app also sometimes crashes
3. while on wifi, won't load anything over the internet; web pages, app content, etc... or it will be very sluggish(No it is not my internet, have never had problems until I updated to 5.1)
1. No screen glitches.
2. Apps crashed once in a week.
2A. Contacts OK.
3. WiFi frequently sluggish.
jmdrizen said:
Get Tweaks2k2 (search in Google and you'll hit it) There's a lot of tweaks, one of them being multiple downloads.
Regards
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What screen glitches? Can you get a screenshot?
I'm not experiencing any of these. I'd try wiping the cache
instigator008 said:
I'm not experiencing any of these. I'd try wiping the cache
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I already tried wiping Cache with no luck. I will try to get a screen recording of the glitches
I'm not seeing any of these bugs either. I am however getting terrible battery life compared to 5.0. The top battery drainers listed are google play services and android os.
dylantep said:
I'm not seeing any of these bugs either. I am however getting terrible battery life compared to 5.0. The top battery drainers listed are google play services and android os.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
A cache wipe definitely solved my google services issue... That and deleting Fit
Good to know! I'll give both of those a shot
I m not experiencing any of these bugs . the battery life is same as in 5.0 but the phone feels as snappy as it was on kitkat
Battery life in 5.1 slightly better than 5.0
Yes, I have UI glitches in some apps, most affected - Camera.
First glitch on 5.1 ...When I opened maps yesterday..
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Sent from my XT1095 using Tapatalk
tejas.kary said:
First glitch on 5.1 ...When I opened maps yesterday..
Sent from my XT1095 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've also been seeing this.
tejas.kary said:
First glitch on 5.1 ...When I opened maps yesterday..
Sent from my XT1095 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The exact same thing happened to me (only on Maps, didn't notice it on other apps) when I uninstalled the latest version of Play Services and installed the factory version, but when I updated Play Services again the problem went away. As for bugs on the 5.1 update, here's what I've seen so far:
1- GPS icon never disappears from status bar. The only way to get it out is selecting "Battery Saving" in the Location settings. If "High accuracy" is selected the icon stays there forever.
2- Some weird bug with trusted places and Android Device manager, it seems they're conflicting somehow. Trusted places only started to work after I disabled Android Device Manager from device administrators and uninstalled the updated version of Play Services (I updated it afterwards and trusted places seems to be working fine now).
3- When I toggle wifi off, it takes much longer for 3G to connect than it did before.
I'm using the 5.1 leak from the brazilian soak for model XT1097.
tejas.kary said:
First glitch on 5.1 ...When I opened maps yesterday..
Sent from my XT1095 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's actually exactly what I was expecting. It's a qcom bug in the adreno drivers and will be fixed in the final release (qcom has released newer drivers that fix the problem).
Contacts suddenly disappeared also recent calls and speed dial totally deleted then re synched again
I did a cache wipe and uninstalled fit. still getting crappy battery life. loosing about 10% per hour with medium use. I used to be still at 45% by the end of the day, now i'm hitting that mid afternoon.
I had the Google Map graphic bug after an update from the Play Store. I cleared the data in the Google Maps App and it seemed to fix the issue.
I also had an issue with the Trusted Places as well. I removed the places from my list and re-adding them and it seemed to work. I'm at home now and I don't have to unlock with my pattern and today at work it was working just fine.
I have not experienced any of the other bugs mentioned here, though.
Three weeks with 5.1 despite added nice features which I really like but generally it's totally unstable
I still can't use Moto Voice. All it does is default to Google Search. I say Okay Moto X whats up and it does a search on Google search. It has been like this since the soak test to 5.0 that basically bricked my phone because they couldn't update us.

Tweaks To Improve Battery Life Guide

I can't take credit for any of this as I found it on the Zenfone 2 forums. Here are some additional tweaks to help with battery life.
dangphat0608 is the author, and the post with pictures is here: www.asus.com/zentalk/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=13483
Here's the info:
Hi everyone, i've found a way fix problem battery brain. Before, when i were to sleep battery drain about 5~8% ( 6hours ). Now, just 1~2%. .
Now, Google has put on one of the features, and one of which is "Locate and identify information of Android devices" and "Android Device Manager". It always running background. Of course, things are two sides of it
1.Go to setting > Location > Turn on
2. Change Mode in Location > Battery saving
And turn off Location if you not use.
3. Go to Google settings app > Security > Turn off Allow remote lock and erase and Remotely locate this divice
4. Go to Wifi setting advance > Turn off Ssanning always available
5. Restart your phone
If you read through that ZenTalk thread, you will see that this "tweak" doesn't do anything to improve battery life, as reported by people who tried.
Which one?
For example, turning off the wifi scan increases battery life, as ASUS themselves stated it as a solution. (forum.xda-developers.com/zenfone2/help/battery-improvement-update-t3127953).
I don't know about turning off the remote locking and location services, but it wouldn't hurt to try it.
jlink38 said:
If you read through that ZenTalk thread, you will see that this "tweak" doesn't do anything to improve battery life, as reported by people who tried.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you want to increase your battery life.
1. Root your ZF2
2. Install Titanium Backup
3. Open Titanium Backup and Freeze or Uninstall all the Asus and third party crapware pre-installed on the phone
4. Reboot and Enjoy quality battery life
Going through and freezing all the useless crap apps increased my battery life tremendously.
flappjaxxx said:
If you want to increase your battery life.
1. Root your ZF2
2. Install Titanium Backup
3. Open Titanium Backup and Freeze or Uninstall all the Asus and third party crapware pre-installed on the phone
4. Reboot and Enjoy quality battery life
Going through and freezing all the useless crap apps increased my battery life tremendously.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You are rite freezing apps does increase battery life...But dont delete bloatware...Causes bootloop while updating... Plus you can also install greenify it helped me increase my battery a lot..
mhp1995 said:
You are rite freezing apps does increase battery life...But dont delete bloatware...Causes bootloop while updating... Plus you can also install greenify it helped me increase my battery a lot..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How much gain can this provide? Can you please describe in terms of SOT or standby? I plan to buy ZE550ML, but have been holding back so far, due to the negative battery reviews. Thanks!
Deleting/freezing apps will give better battery and sometimes performance, but it all depends on what's in use vs what should be in use vs what's removed/frozen.
I uninstall junk, I don't care about an OTA not loading. It doesn't bootloop if you remove the apps that it needs to verify, it simply fails to flash. With unlocked/insecure boot though, that problem is gone. I can remove the checks and flash it anyway.
You won't find a single, solid number of what makes your phone perform better when talking about removing pre-installed apps. Some people use them, some people don't. Most of them don't run on start-up or run at all unless you manually open them. Most aren't impacting your phone in any way other than eating up a few MB of space.
Harfainx said:
You won't find a single, solid number of what makes your phone perform better when talking about removing pre-installed apps. Some people use them, some people don't. Most of them don't run on start-up or run at all unless you manually open them. Most aren't impacting your phone in any way other than eating up a few MB of space.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Couldn't have said it better
followed those steps..
greenify do the tricks for me.
My battery life results
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Phencyclidine said:
My battery life results
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Excellent, Very Good!!
What's total time????
Tweak??
john_petrucci said:
Excellent, Very Good!!
What's total time????
Tweak??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
About 14h
Greenify + power managment (smart - saving mode)
disable hangout , google+ , facebook , twitter , google drive ...
This is my best time. Nothing disabled, all stock, 4G + Wifi on, calls, COC, browsing, etc.

Questions about battery draining...

Hello, I have got the Note 4 you see in my sign..
I'm wondering why my Note 4 has this heavy draining mainly by 2 processes (Android System and Android Operating System).
As you can notice in attachment the processes I said drain about the same percentage of Screen On.
What do you think about this issue?
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Sent from Note 4 device - Rome - Italy
umby75 said:
Hello, I have got the Note 4 you see in my sign..
I'm wondering why my Note 4 has this heavy draining mainly by 2 processes (Android System and Android Operating System).
As you can notice in attachment the processes I said drain about the same percentage of Screen On.
What do you think about this issue?
View attachment 3724385
Sent from Note 4 device - Rome - Italy
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Probably, you should uninstall Clean Master and the like. I think it's the real culprit here
pr1jker said:
Probably, you should uninstall Clean Master and the like. I think it's the real culprit here
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've been using Clean Master for a long time and I've never had this issue before.
However Clean Master consumes "only" 12% as the item says..
Sent from Note 4 device - Rome - Italy
Uninstall Clean Master. Those apps are meaningless.
ithehappy said:
Uninstall Clean Master. Those apps are meaningless.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Clean Master helps for the Junk Files. What do you suggest for junk? Clean Master?
Sent from Note 4 device - Rome - Italy
2 ppl already said cleanmaster unnecessary as we already got smart manager. imho, all apps alike clean master / antivirus are unneeded in smartphone.
back to topic, did you just flash / reset your phone? cause this is normal.
umby75 said:
Clean Master helps for the Junk Files. What do you suggest for junk? Clean Master?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Use SD Maid for cleaning. It has other useful features as well.
jimdorky said:
2 ppl already said cleanmaster unnecessary as we already got smart manager. imho, all apps alike clean master / antivirus are unneeded in smartphone.
back to topic, did you just flash / reset your phone? cause this is normal.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm sorry..I was wrong in my previous post when I asked which app do you suggest me. I meant to say CCleaner but the answer I think should be the same.
To be honest I deactivated the optimisation app for battery in Smart Manager. But now I'll enable this feature.
However I noticed Smart Manager for junk files is powered by Clean Master (you find written that next to unnecessary data in Smart Manager).
I don't remember if I've ever resetted my phone (probably only some wipe Dalvik cache) but I wouldn't like reinstall all things and I should spend a lot of time to recreate folders, shortcut, etc...[emoji27]
You consider that I don't have root access for use of Titanium Backup..
Sent from Note 4 device - Rome - Italy
CCleaner should not affect your phone to this extent. It's not the problem.
I find that Google Framework services are the problem.
Look for both the newest Google Play store AND Google Play Services apk online (apkmirror or androidpit) make sure you get the right ones for your phone - they'll tell you how to check.
Go to App Manager and clear caches for these apps or disable if you can.
Install the new ones.
This may or may not work, it's hit and miss. I had the same problems with my S6 edge +, and this did it for me.
Some people don't like cleaners - I do. I use 360 and Greenify and at times, Deep Sleep Battery Saver.
And I use SdMaid for deep cleaning.
Shutapp and Doze work very well for my LgG4.
Whatever people say, I have increased performance with these apps, and with Greenify I have extended battery during screen off - I've tested it extensively.
The key to improved battery life in all cases is to fine tune your 'white lists' and to be sure that these apps THEMSELVES are not running in the background.
With the apps I've mentioned there's no problem, I've never used CCleaner on my phone.
The Battery optimisation that comes with Samsung is VERY good though. You must make sure you go through ALL the apps and select 'always optimising' except for those few (clock, calendar, Nova AND the external optimization apps you have installed, i.e. CCleaner in this case) which you select 'never optimising.' It makes a big difference.
You'll see that Google Framework Services cannot be optimized.
Sent from my SM-N910H using XDA-Developers mobile app
Google Play Service consums that percentage as it's shown in picture I shared you.
I worried about that two processes of Android System with a very high percentage.
In my phone I have a very large battery by Zerolemon and I don't mind to deactivate some processes like background apps.
I don't know how Samsung Optimisation works and for now I setted Optimisation every three days for all apps.
@kolembo
Why do you suggest me to exclude optimisation of clock, calendar, et. apps?
Sent from Note 4 device - Rome - Italy
I want to thank you all because after the optimisation (Smart Manager) the battery discharges very slowly..and with this large battery is very quite!
But how does it work Smart Manager?
Do we have some other apps in other phones to get the same outcome??
Sent from Note 4 device - Rome - Italy

Wi-Fi constantly Running.

As the title states for some reason. Wi-Fi is constantly running.
No idea how or why. Nothing is enabled. Wi-Fi calling is also off.
Thank you in advance!
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
Sent from my LG-H918 using Tapatalk
Better battery stats....... Is that a 3rd party app?
Could be that that battery app is miss reading something and giving you false information based on your other screen shots.
@shwnr11
That could be it. Better Battery Stats is a well known XDA application made by a member here named chamonix.
It is free for us XDA members but it is also a Paid application on the PlayStore.
I'll read up on his thread to see if he can point me into the right direction.
I wanted to come on here first to see if anyone else with a V20 is using this application and having the same problem.
I recently rooted my phone and at first I did not use a Custom Rom like (Overdrive, Etc.) and I ran into the same problem where the stats are showing Wi-Fi constantly running. I thought I may have deleted or frozen something using TitaniumBackup and I just could not figure it out at all and decided to go ahead and try the Overdrive Custom Rom to see if was something I did.
And of course after setting up my phone BetterBatteryStats is showing Wi-Fi is constanly running again...even on a clean install of a Custom Rom. It is not "On" because that is labeled as something else within the stats and it does not seem to be draining battery even though it shows "100%" battery usage. I am still achieving at the end of the day "1.0%" drain every hour.
But I appreciate you commenting and not just "Viewing" like the other 100 or less viewers have.
I still have no idea what would cause this type of battery usage with the Wi-Fi.
I decided to go ahead and do a fresh clean install of OverDrive's Custom Rom. I have not loaded any of my apps from Titanium Backup but Better Battery Stats.
After 2 hours now BBStats does not show this type of battery usage anymore.
So I am even more puzzled now. It may be that I deleted an app or apk or frozen something that requires Wi-Fi to behave properly.
Is there a list of aps or apks that we can safely remove or freeze?
G1Master said:
I still have no idea what would cause this type of battery usage with the Wi-Fi.
I decided to go ahead and do a fresh clean install of OverDrive's Custom Rom. I have not loaded any of my apps from Titanium Backup but Better Battery Stats.
After 2 hours now BBStats does not show this type of battery usage anymore.
So I am even more puzzled now. It may be that I deleted an app or apk or frozen something that requires Wi-Fi to behave properly.
Is there a list of aps or apks that we can safely remove or freeze?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Check in developer options and make sure allow WiFi room scans is turned off, when on it sends your location data to Google even when you turn WiFi off.
wifi
Common sense isn't all that common
@ZDeuce2
That was the first place I thought to look because I remember that being an issue with the Nexus 6 but unfortunately it was already disabled.
But I believe it may have been something I deleted or froze because I went ahead restored all of my apps one by one that I had prior just to see if it was an app of mine and I did not delete or freeze or anything this time around and Wi-Fi is not showing any usage at all with the BBStats app.
Yea I am puzzled but I am a happy camper now. BBStats is showing a solid "0.2%" battery usage every hour! Getting awesome battery life now.
Thank you though good sir for the comment.

Very Slow PX3 Android Head Unit

Hello
Couple of years ago I bought and Android HU for my Kia Rio UB.
It is a PX3 RK3188 with Android 7.1.2, Quad Core and 2 Gb of RAM.
At the very first time the HU was extremely fast. Apps installed within 1-2 secs, updates were instant and everything was very smooth. But as time passed it became slower and slower. At this time a regular app update (ex Google Maps - file size in PlayStore should be about 30Mb) could last up to 20 min to complete....
HU is not overloaded, i have only factory apps (radio, video player etc) and a few others like spotify and sygic navi...
I have also done all rom updates i found on the internet and all MCU updates as well.
I did a lot of factory resets trying to fix this issue with no success, at the very first boot it is still a very slow HU.
Is there any reason this happens? Can I do something to fix it?
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
I have same problem. I dont know. I tried Clear ram .. but nothing change. Play store very slow. Programs very slow open
Somebody told me to do a clean install of the Android.
But i thought that when I do factory reset it is the same thing.
I guess he means to flash the rom from the beginning.... Not sure if it is going to work, but I have to try.
I solved the problem. I deleted the cache and all other data of the Google app and playstore app. I removed updates for the Google app. the device got pretty fast. do not google update.
I will give it a try too...
Thx
Did what you did but no significant speed change.
Maybe I will try to flash the rom again while wiping data.
Hello, i read this post and i agree with slow. Someone solved? Any tips ? Thanks in advance
I had the same issues with similar device. The workaround (working for me) was not to use google at all. So factory reset, no sign in to google account, no play store. Installed APKs manually from mirrors (I have only Waze, Here We Go and Deezer). Device is responsive again.
Device was useless with the same apps + Google Play Services.
origami_ns said:
I had the same issues with similar device. The workaround (working for me) was not to use google at all. So factory reset, no sign in to google account, no play store. Installed APKs manually from mirrors (I have only Waze, Here We Go and Deezer). Device is responsive again.
Device was useless with the same apps + Google Play Services.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello, great tip and thanks for share !
I use waze and Spotify lite really well for moments but I will try disable all related to google services. I disable google maps and lots of stock apps
Hello again, i have done full factory reset, disable all gservices, store and lots of trash of not usefull apps. Then download Spotify Lite and Waze apk in a usb pendrive and installed.... works like a charm.
sometimes using DVR in record mode get reboot the unit ... i use a SD kingston special model for DVR... may i write on flash memory and not in usb.. but im happy about speed working now of radio

Categories

Resources