hi there i have my my touch 4g running jellybean 4.1.1 and some reason today when i went to go in the boot menu and change my splash screen it like restarted itself. Every time i try to click recovery in the boot menu it shows the pd15 files and then shows you need to update it. So basically i guess it went back to its original skin ,but still has everything. I see the s is off. Is there a way to be able to go back or do i have do the whole entire rooting process over again? I really appreciate all your help.
You need to remove the PDxx.img file from your SDcard otherwise evertime you go to the bootloader it will boot the stock ROM.
Sent from my HTC Glacier using xda premium
romuloxiii said:
You need to remove the PDxx.img file from your SDcard otherwise evertime you go to the bootloader it will boot the stock ROM.
Sent from my HTC Glacier using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for responding. Umm I'm kinda of confused are you talking about the PD15img.zip? Also, would it be hidden in a folder or just out in the beginning?
alex5p said:
Thanks for responding. Umm I'm kinda of confused are you talking about the PD15img.zip? Also, would it be hidden in a folder or just out in the beginning?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Pd15img.zip should be located in the root of your SD card.
Sent from my HTC glacier using xda premium
alex5p said:
Thanks for responding. Umm I'm kinda of confused are you talking about the PD15img.zip? Also, would it be hidden in a folder or just out in the beginning?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you flashed a ROM of some sort using the PD15IMG.ZIP method (such as a stock Froyo or GB ROM), it exists in the root of your SD card (so, under /sdcard). You should see it by hooking up the phone and browsing to the top level of the card, or you could take the SD card out and examine it directly. If you don't rename if after an install, every time you try to boot the bootloader will look for it and try to reinstall it.
Whether you need to reroot again kind of depends on what the PD15IMG was. If you went back down to a stock ROM, then you would probably have to at least go through the rooting steps again (but not the S-off part).
cnote74 said:
Pd15img.zip should be located in the root of your SD card.
Sent from my HTC glacier using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ok i found it and deleted it was the same thing. It would go back to stock ,but it actually showed a phone with a x on it . Thanks for your help
tuxkamen said:
If you flashed a ROM of some sort using the PD15IMG.ZIP method (such as a stock Froyo or GB ROM), it exists in the root of your SD card (so, under /sdcard). You should see it by hooking up the phone and browsing to the top level of the card, or you could take the SD card out and examine it directly. If you don't rename if after an install, every time you try to boot the bootloader will look for it and try to reinstall it.
Whether you need to reroot again kind of depends on what the PD15IMG was. If you went back down to a stock ROM, then you would probably have to at least go through the rooting steps again (but not the S-off part).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yea i'm guessing ill have to root it again to get jelly bean back on. Thanks for the help
Alright so all day today i have been trying to get my phone working again and i can not get it to work. It still won't let me go into clockwork mod menu when you click recovery. when i click recovery it shows a phone with a red ! on it. I've tried factory reset ,full reset of phone and sd card and still not working. Anyone have any ideas why it won't work?
alex5p said:
Alright so all day today i have been trying to get my phone working again and i can not get it to work. It still won't let me go into clockwork mod menu when you click recovery. when i click recovery it shows a phone with a red ! on it. I've tried factory reset ,full reset of phone and sd card and still not working. Anyone have any ideas why it won't work?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've only had that happen a couple of times when a ROM did not load successfully. Usually it's recoverable, but it sounds like in this case you *might* (I would ask somebody with more experience) need to reflash the CWM recovery via adb in order to get it working once again.
tuxkamen said:
I've only had that happen a couple of times when a ROM did not load successfully. Usually it's recoverable, but it sounds like in this case you *might* (I would ask somebody with more experience) need to reflash the CWM recovery via adb in order to get it working once again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah. The PD15IMG.zip put the stock recovery back on. Just flash the custom recovery of your choice.
Related
I recently bought a MyTouchHD.
Went through the entire s=off process which i did correctly.
But when i boot into Bootloader (HBoot) screen i get a message of "no image or wrong image".
I did flash Clockwork, and i can reboot into Recovery or HBoot. but that "no image or wrong image" kinda has me worried, but everything else works perfectly. ... anyone know anything about it?
I tried using DDMS to screen shot it but it wont work for one reason or another.
where is the error popping up at?
Is it trying to load a.img file in Hboot? Maybe try deleting it?
crypysmoker said:
where is the error popping up at?
Is it trying to load a.img file in Hboot? Maybe try deleting it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The error is at the very beginning of the HBoot start up process. It scrolls through several options then says the error message. I'll have to video and upload it via you tube so you can see.
after you did the s-off were you trying to flash a zimage to do overclocking by chance? if so, you might have removed the stock image for the OS to boot correctly. the stock image needs to match the stock bcm4329.ko file and vise versa for OCing. its just a thought. hope this helps.
Please post questions in Q&A section.
aznpr1de808 said:
after you did the s-off were you trying to flash a zimage to do overclocking by chance? if so, you might have removed the stock image for the OS to boot correctly. the stock image needs to match the stock bcm4329.ko file and vise versa for OCing. its just a thought. hope this helps.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No i didn't flash any files. I was just trying to PermaRoot the phone, to be honest about it.
neidlinger said:
No i didn't flash any files. I was just trying to PermaRoot the phone, to be honest about it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
hmm thats kinda weird you might have had a corrupted file during the root process then. thats the only explanation i can think of. on the hboot screen you do show s-off on the top correct? if so than technically everything should be fine. if you can fully boot the phone up, download terminal from the market, install it, the there should be a $ sign, then type su then press enter, a message should pop up asking permission, accept it, it should change to a # sign, if it does then you have root access. just to be sure reboot the phone and do it again to make sure that root sticks.
aznpr1de808 said:
hmm thats kinda weird you might have had a corrupted file during the root process then. thats the only explanation i can think of. on the hboot screen you do show s-off on the top correct? if so than technically everything should be fine. if you can fully boot the phone up, download terminal from the market, install it, the there should be a $ sign, then type su then press enter, a message should pop up asking permission, accept it, it should change to a # sign, if it does then you have root access. just to be sure reboot the phone and do it again to make sure that root sticks.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yea. i have full root access. and S=off.
Okay well then i guess i need not to worry about it.... If you guys are thinking everything is okay.
Your phone is searching the sd card for an update image, it is nothing to worry about.
Sent from my Desire HD using XDA App
dbiggss said:
Your phone is searching the sd card for an update image, it is nothing to worry about.
Sent from my Desire HD using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
very possible since the first thing i did was rip out their class 2 card and kept my class 6 card. I guess i'll boot into Linux and look for a file to transfer over.
dbiggss said:
Your phone is searching the sd card for an update image, it is nothing to worry about.
Sent from my Desire HD using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is correct. You don't need to worry about finding a file to put on there or anything. Hboot does this everytime you boot into it regardless of you. It is automatically looking for an update or diagnostic file to load and/or flash that isn't needed for the phone to function properly. Its an error but not one that you need to worry about unless you go to manually update through hboot, place a file for the update named PD15IMG.zip on your sd card, and it still gives you the error.
My MyGlacier 4G MINE!!!
First off let me start by saying I now know what i did wrong. Next is there anyway i can fix it?
I didn't backup anything and then managed to erase everything... I have CM 6 but as of now all i can get is the boot screen. I tried recovery but that won't work becasue there is no backup. also Before I erased everything i managed to turn s on so now i have no way to turn that off correct? Im basicly looking for a way to restore my phone but if it cant be done then i understand. Right now I am using a samsung vibrant with Nero v3 voodo and understand how to install custom roms now
i have almost the same problem as you I don't know what to do I've looked everywhere.
zigg82 said:
First off let me start by saying I now know what i did wrong. Next is there anyway i can fix it?
I didn't backup anything and then managed to erase everything... I have CM 6 but as of now all i can get is the boot screen. I tried recovery but that won't work becasue there is no backup. also Before I erased everything i managed to turn s on so now i have no way to turn that off correct? Im basicly looking for a way to restore my phone but if it cant be done then i understand. Right now I am using a samsung vibrant with Nero v3 voodo and understand how to install custom roms now
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What do you mean... erase everything? How?
Possible steps:
1. factory reset from H-Boot, see if it boots up normally, then re-root.
2. Install PD15IMG from development section, look it up.
Good luck.
Man, do I feel like an idiot...
borodin1 said:
What do you mean... erase everything? How?
Possible steps:
1. factory reset from H-Boot, see if it boots up normally, then re-root.
2. Install PD15IMG from development section, look it up.
Good luck.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've tried this, but it still hangs on boot screen. Thanks tho.
That sucks.
S.I. 77
zigg82 said:
First off let me start by saying I now know what i did wrong. Next is there anyway i can fix it?
I didn't backup anything and then managed to erase everything... I have CM 6 but as of now all i can get is the boot screen. I tried recovery but that won't work becasue there is no backup. also Before I erased everything i managed to turn s on so now i have no way to turn that off correct? Im basicly looking for a way to restore my phone but if it cant be done then i understand. Right now I am using a samsung vibrant with Nero v3 voodo and understand how to install custom roms now
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Same issue here...I have nero v5 on my vibrant lol.
We should've just stayed with the vibrant...
Which recovery did you have installed and which h-boot
Did you try seeing if you could s-off through adb? Im not sure if this will work but Download the files you need to get s-off from ur computer and put it on ur SD card via a card reader or some sort, after you get the necessary files put the SD card back into ur phone. Hook it up to ur computer and maybe you can s-off through adb if you can get ur computer to recognize ur phone. Then IF it works, download a rom via computer to it SD card and boot into recovery and flash. Let me know what happens if it works or not
Sent from my HTC Glacier using XDA App
Should have taken my advice from this thread.
I just went thru the same thing and couldn't restore any of the backups it just kept getting stuck on the flash screen. I downloaded the ice glacier rom on to a spare sd card and flashed it thru hboot recovery and it looks like that did the trick.
hi guys if you still cant get your phones working try mobiletechvideos.com, they fixed my phone , my phone wouldn`t do anything .good reliable service, yes its in texas.
Although you didnt create any backups, is it possible that someone can create a backup of a fresh ROM and send that to you?
youshoe said:
Just take the SD card and put a new ROM on it. Then go to recovery, wipe data, wipe cache, wipe dalkik cache.
Then install zip from sd card and find it.
I like using Royal Panache 1.3.
I think it's stock Mobilicity ROM but no stock software from carrier. Good stuff.
MIUI and Cyanogenmod 7.1 are also good candidates.
I'm currently testing out ICS and you can test it out as well (but in your case, probably try a working one first =P) http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1383629&page=1
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I believe this is the oldest thread revive in the my touch 4g, Congrats good sir.
Sent from my HTC Glacier using xda premium
Nicgraner said:
I believe this is the oldest thread revive in the my touch 4g, Congrats good sir.
Sent from my HTC Glacier using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Wrong, he just randomly revived a thread that last post was made in July 2011.
Sent from MT4G-Glacier powered by HKM's GB2.3.X Enhancement Package v1.2
He revived quite a few of them, trying to market what I believe to be his product. Just look at his messages. Don't want to write the name of the product, since it appears he's scoring just for that.
I've reported his posts, but didn't see mod response yet.
Yet they always get me
Sent from MT4G-Glacier powered by HKM's GB2.3.X Enhancement Package v1.2
Jack_R1 said:
He revived quite a few of them, trying to market what I believe to be his product. Just look at his messages. Don't want to write the name of the product, since it appears he's scoring just for that.
I've reported his posts, but didn't see mod response yet.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Oh, as marketing for the app he talks about? I thought you meant ICS and was thinking well that just goes to feby's ICS thread..
Sent from my HTC Glacier using xda premium
FYI if it's older than a week..just let it go
I have a bricked mytouch 1.2 with RADIO:2.22.23.02
SPL:13.33.0013 i cant access recovery and get bootloops ...i can however access fastboot/hboot... i used the sappimg.zip trick to get back to cupcake..but my phone just wont read it...it says NO IMAGE u
nder SAPPIMG.zip while trying to flash in hboot...any help...a little tight in money cant afford another phone at the moment..thanks..
Make sure that the sappimg isn't sappimg.zip.zip. &o to Control Panel-Folder Options-Uncheck the box that says "Hide known file extensions". If that's good, then format the card and copy the file back over. Make sure you backup your pictures and stuff since the format will erase the card.
Sent from my T-Mobile myTouch 3G Slide using Tapatalk
Pancake Modz said:
I have a bricked mytouch 1.2 with RADIO:2.22.23.02
SPL:13.33.0013 i cant access recovery and get bootloops ...i can however access fastboot/hboot... i used the sappimg.zip trick to get back to cupcake..but my phone just wont read it...it says NO IMAGE u
nder SAPPIMG.zip while trying to flash in hboot...any help...a little tight in money cant afford another phone at the moment..thanks..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you can access the bootloader then you're not bricked.
Imagine powering on your phone and you can't access the bootloader, recovery and your phone won't even boot at all. That's a real brick.
i had this problem last night trying to install gingerbread from yoshi i`ve flashed phone`s radio and hboot , to those versions that was recommended but after I started rom first time my phone started to restart itself , just like a bootloop , but my luck was that i had goldcard with a saphire.zip on it and it worked perfectly for me.I`ve notice that this SPL is locked and that`s why you can`t access recovery.hope this helps.cheers
use the guide in my sig it will help you
DonJuan692006 said:
Make sure that the sappimg isn't sappimg.zip.zip. &o to Control Panel-Folder Options-Uncheck the box that says "Hide known file extensions". If that's good, then format the card and copy the file back over. Make sure you backup your pictures and stuff since the format will erase the card.
Sent from my T-Mobile myTouch 3G Slide using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
did both maybe its a bad sappimg.zip file can anybody hook me up with a link?
Link.
hmmmmmmmm very very intersting....i used that same file.....wtf
Pancake Modz said:
hmmmmmmmm very very intersting....i used that same file.....wtf
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I would still try downloading it again. Your not putting the file inside any folders on the SD card, correct?
Sent from my T-Mobile myTouch 3G Slide using Tapatalk
DonJuan692006 said:
I would still try downloading it again. Your not putting the file inside any folders on the SD card, correct?
Sent from my T-Mobile myTouch 3G Slide using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
no im not.... weird thing is ive used sappimg before....i will try it again....
Pancake Modz said:
no im not.... weird thing is ive used sappimg before....i will try it again....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
is your problem fixed?
no it did not fix i have been getting by on my old razor i havnt messed with my mytouch in a couple weeks now...never did fix that thing
Try formatting your SD card and then running the sappimg again. Make sure you backup anything you want to keep from your SD card. Format to FAT32 default block size if you do it in Windows.
Sent from my HTC Glacier using Tapatalk
Im sorry ...I know am extremely inconsistent with my posts ..im sorry... but heres an update...ive got the SAPPIMG on the sd card...it finds it and installs it and everything then when i reboot...BOOM!...Bootloops!
Well...I Guess this problem is completely Unfixable-.-...
I think you need to boot into bootloader AFTER you do the SAPPIMG thing, then install a RUU, and from then you can fix it. No?
Im having the same issue.I got another sappimg.zip other than the one from theunlockr but when I try and flash it, it hangs up on unzipping the system. My computer recognizes the phone but adb will not. Im lost....
RUU?????????????
I was sooo happy when I finally got SAPPIMG.zip to be read by the phone...then I still cant access Recovery...i do not have a gold card ....and i do not know what a RUU is....
I finally got mine up and running with cm. You need to flash Amon RA's recovery...then you will be able to get into recovery. Check out cyanogenmod's wiki. They have a good write up and the links are good.
Sent from my Desire HD using XDA Premium App
I have an Epic myself and the security of this new HTC phone threw me for a loop. Anyway , I was trying to put CM7 on his phone , starting from stock. I managed to get CWM 3.0.0.5 on it and then flashed the CM7 from here. Now it is stuck on the white Tmobile screen , Ive let it sit therefor an hour and nothing. But the real problem is that I cant find a way to restore to stock and start over. With the Epic we use a windows program called ODIN in case something like this happens. Ive tried using ADB but the phone is showing offline so I cant push any commands to it. Is there an app like ODIN that will let me factory reset this phone and try this again? Thanks
Sent from my SPH-D700 using Tapatalk
Sounds like you rooted and flashed CM7 onto it without having s-off. If I'm not mistaking there is another thread similar to this one somewhere. Also you need cclockwork 3.0.0.6 to flash back and fourth from stock and other roms.
you need pd15img.zip on your SD
pd15img.zip reboot into hboot with that file and the part7-0000000000.bin file on your sd and it will load and ask you to push volume up to confirm then wait, it will restore the phone i know i did it, took me 3 damn days to figure out you need that part7.bin file on your sd with that pd15img.zip file...or its a no go, trust me this WILL def work...its a life saver, i did the same thing you did...had clockwork and no s=off...now i successfully restored it and sent it back to tmobile because before i solved it i panic and called for a replacement, told em it wont turn on, they sent the new one, and about 20 mins ago i flashed cm7 after folling this guide http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=858996 to turn s=off...works great good luck
Where do i get the part7 file and the other one? Thank you
Sent from my SPH-D700 using Tapatalk
biscojams said:
Where do i get the part7 file and the other one? Thank you
Sent from my SPH-D700 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It was creates with you permanent rooted it.. should be on your SD card. In the rooting instructions it tells you to keep that file around.
Sent from my HTC Glacier using XDA App
Just make sure that u dnt keep tryin to flash the rom cause u gonna end up gettin the cant mount cache & data errors,which once that happens nothin can b done with the mt4g.. So if u used the gfree method to root the phone u should have the part7-xxxxxxxx.bin file,stick that to the root of the sd card & put the pd15 file to the root of the sd card,powerdwn or battery pull,reboot into recovery & let the phne do its thing..
I don't think he has that part7-xx......bin file for his mt4g phone since he did not run gfree patch. You can't do stock nandroid restore also because that requires CWM 2.5.1.4 but you can always give it a shot.
Good luck with your boss, hope you don't get fired.
Sent from my myTouch 4G using XDA App
camalus said:
It was creates with you permanent rooted it.. should be on your SD card. In the rooting instructions it tells you to keep that file around.
Sent from my HTC Glacier using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I didn't use the gfree method for getting perm root.
So i never got that part7 file that you speak of....
I have found them online to download but even using someone elses i still doesnt load the .zip from hboot :{
I downloaded the glacier file , like 350 MB or something , renamed it to PD15IMG.ZIP (had to leave the .zip out because windows). Then I found the part7.bin file from another thread. Put both on sd card. Vol down and power, it found the pd15img file and started restoring the image. 15 minutes later the phone boots up just like brand new! Thank you to everybody who helped with this! Sometimes I dont know what i'd do without this place!
P.s.- he still wants gingerbread any suggestions as to best rom?
Thanks again everyone
Sent from my SPH-D700 using Tapatalk
I think you made a fine choice with CM7. Just make sure you are rooted and have flashed the latest clockworkmod through ROM manager (3.0.2.4 I believe) and it should flash without issue.
hi, want help with pd15img update file. the question is which file i should download from here http://www.4shared.com/folder/xDsyJF52/_online.html
im pretty confused , which is the best??
well Im assuming that youre rooted since youre wanting to flash the PD15IMG...but what exactly are you trying to do? downgrade, return to stock Froyo, flash stock Gingerbread? would you like to retain root while flashing PD15IMG? you gotta help us out before we start helping you dude
aznprodgy said:
well Im assuming that youre rooted since youre wanting to flash the PD15IMG...but what exactly are you trying to do? downgrade, return to stock Froyo, flash stock Gingerbread? would you like to retain root while flashing PD15IMG? you gotta help us out before we start helping you dude
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+100
Sent from my HTC Glacier using XDA
aznprodgy said:
well Im assuming that youre rooted since youre wanting to flash the PD15IMG...but what exactly are you trying to do? downgrade, return to stock Froyo, flash stock Gingerbread? would you like to retain root while flashing PD15IMG? you gotta help us out before we start helping you dude
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i just want to upgrade to gingerbread, im not rooted.
ok well if you just want to upgrade to Gingerbread with stock MySense and not root your device, download the file PD15IMG (2.3.4 new). Put it on your SD card and name it PD15IMG.zip(without the .zip), then boot into fastboot by turning the phone off, then hold vol down + power button to turn the phone on into the bootloader. it should automatically recognize the file and then prompt you if you would like to update or not
I'm rooted, so only curious.. could you do the same thing to upgrade to ICS?
Sent from my HTC Glacier using XDA
benjamn said:
I'm rooted, so only curious.. could you do the same thing to upgrade to ICS?
Sent from my HTC Glacier using XDA
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
nah, theres no ICS update for the Glacier because of the stupid MySense more than likely
I wanna unroot do I just put the froyo pdm15img or watever its called in SD card then in bootloader ?
Sent from my HTC Glacier using XDA
alexriio said:
I wanna unroot do I just put the froyo pdm15img or watever its called in SD card then in bootloader ?
Sent from my HTC Glacier using XDA
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
depends on which way you rooted your phone and what radio you are on
gfree- follow the method in the thread to unroot http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=858996
visionary- make sure you are on the stock radio, then yes put the Froyo PD15IMG file on the root of your SD card then reboot into the bootloader. doing this will also put you back on stock MySense
aznprodgy said:
ok well if you just want to upgrade to Gingerbread with stock MySense and not root your device, download the file PD15IMG (2.3.4 new). Put it on your SD card and name it PD15IMG.zip(without the .zip), then boot into fastboot by turning the phone off, then hold vol down + power button to turn the phone on into the bootloader. it should automatically recognize the file and then prompt you if you would like to update or not
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have downloaded 4 times from 4shared but the file was corrupted and cannot recognize. I have renamed to PD15IMG. Any other link? Thanks
hayati1 said:
I have downloaded 4 times from 4shared but the file was corrupted and cannot recognize. I have renamed to PD15IMG. Any other link? Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Here ya go..clik thanks if I helped..good luck.
http://www.4shared.com/zip/OrXR0864/PD15IMG_234_.html
Sent from my customized mt4g using XDA premium
Still same. My phone won't recognize the image file in bootloader. May be I don't have a talent...
Did you rename it PD15IMG.zip and place it on the root of your sd card? It can't be in any folder, and must be PD15IMG.zip and not PD15IMG.zip.zip (sometimes it gets a double zip when you rename it) it not talent..or else Id be screwed!
Sent from my HTC GLACIER using xda premium
jjbadd385 said:
Did you rename it PD15IMG.zip and place it on the root of your sd card? It can't be in any folder, and must be PD15IMG.zip and not PD15IMG.zip.zip (sometimes it gets a double zip when you rename it) it not talent..or else Id be screwed!
Sent from my HTC GLACIER using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have android 2.3.4 software 2.32.531.1 with s-off. The phone has a problem with a camera app. I just want to restore without root( scared to try ). I renamed it with PD15IMG without .zip because the file is a zip file. The bootloader saw the folder but then it said no image
Thanks for your advice.
Managed to downgrade to 2.2.1 and s-off. Go to the next level, try to root and flash rom....
Froze during update
Hi friends. My MT4G (not rooted) was freezing on the boot screen (T-Mobile MT4G with white background screen), so I flashed gingerbread 2.3.4 using PD15IMG_Glacier_Gingerbread_S_TMOUS_2.32.531.1_Radio_12.62.60.27_26.13.04.19_M_release_227522_signed as it is supposed to be done, and it worked fine. I was already updating my apps when it froze again, so I removed the battery and went back into hboot loader, and asked to update again. It started fine, but froze when updating Bootloader (1st step). I has been there for 3 hours+, and I don't know what to do to exit the updating process, since I can't pull the battery. Any suggestions? Thanks in advance.