Database Users

Can someone please help a non techy flash to JPY ?

I am on the 3 Network(UK), my phone is branded, no lagfix, no root, im on froyo 2.2 oficial upgrade through kies.
Can someone please give me a simple step by step guide on how to upgrade to the JPY 2.2.1 firmware please, i have the 3 button recovery option btw.
Thank you in advance.

Simple: flash with odin (read the stickies...)
Simpler: apply Kies registry hack http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=835628&highlight=kies+registry+hack Product Code XEU

GMH24 said:
Simple: flash with odin (read the stickies...)
Simpler: apply Kies registry hack http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=835628&highlight=kies+registry+hack Product Code XEU
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'd go for a custom rom jpy based like docs or darkys and install through clockwork or you can go to samfirmware to download jpy and use odin to flash it up to you or just do as above and use patcher but jpy is definetly worth it.

The first time i tried the kies patch utility i got a messags saying there were more than 1 phone folders which threw me a bit, but managed to sort it in the end.
So now on ....
2.2.1
I9000xxjpy
2.6.32.9
[email protected] #1
froyo.xxjpy
Whoooohhooooooooo

Would you please share how you did it
jaytwo said:
The first time i tried the kies patch utility i got a messags saying there were more than 1 phone folders which threw me a bit, but managed to sort it in the end.
So now on ....
2.2.1
I9000xxjpy
2.6.32.9
[email protected] #1
froyo.xxjpy
Whoooohhooooooooo
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi Jaytwo,
I have the same rom version as you on 3UK. I'm also trying to upgrade to 2.2.1. Could you please share you you did the upgrade. what values do i need to select from the registry patcher.
Thanks in advance for you help.

Kayno9 said:
Hi Jaytwo,
I have the same rom version as you on 3UK. I'm also trying to upgrade to 2.2.1. Could you please share you you did the upgrade. what values do i need to select from the registry patcher.
Thanks in advance for you help.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi Kayno
Set the "Enable Spoof" to True
Set "Spoof product code as" to XEU from the list
Then click on the Write Regstry button in the bottom right
Thats all you have to do, then voila when you start kies and connect your phone you should have a popup saying a firmware upgrade is available.
Good luck

jaytwo said:
Hi Kayno
Set the "Enable Spoof" to True
Set "Spoof product code as" to XEU from the list
Then click on the Write Regstry button in the bottom right
Thats all you have to do, then voila when you start kies and connect your phone you should have a popup saying a firmware upgrade is available.
Good luck
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the prompt repy Jaytwo.
I'll have a go and keep you updated.

jaytwo said:
Hi Kayno
Set the "Enable Spoof" to True
Set "Spoof product code as" to XEU from the list
Then click on the Write Regstry button in the bottom right
Thats all you have to do, then voila when you start kies and connect your phone you should have a popup saying a firmware upgrade is available.
Good luck
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Also did you save the Rom through Kies. Was a bit confused when i read this part on the Kies Registry patcher thread.
By the way hows your experience with the new firmware been so far. Is 3G and WIFI working correctly. Have you tried the app market. Hows the overall speed of the phone and is gps working better now.
Sorry for all these questions but i just wanted to determine whether the risk of updating is worth it.
cheers
Thanks

Kayno9 said:
Also did you save the Rom through Kies. Was a bit confused when i read this part on the Kies Registry patcher thread.
By the way hows your experience with the new firmware been so far. Is 3G and WIFI working correctly. Have you tried the app market. Hows the overall speed of the phone and is gps working better now.
Sorry for all these questions but i just wanted to determine whether the risk of updating is worth it.
cheers
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, i didnt save the Rom, 3g and Wifi are working fine but you will lose the My3 app because you will be basicly debranding your fone(if you are on contract), but if you start the default browser it takes you direct to My3 .
Havnt tried GPS , dont use it tbh.
The speed of the phone is so much smoother imo, im so glad i upgraded.
Hope that helps

jaytwo said:
No, i didnt save the Rom, 3g and Wifi are working fine but you will lose the My3 app because you will be basicly debranding your fone(if you are on contract), but if you start the default browser it takes you direct to My3 .
Havnt tried GPS , dont use it tbh.
The speed of the phone is so much smoother imo, im so glad i upgraded.
Hope that helps
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thats great news. Can you still use the three services though? Because i'm paying a lot of money for contract don't want to be losing my data allowance
Thanks for help again. I'm about to flash it. Fingers crossed.

Kayno9 said:
Thats great news. Can you still use the three services though? Because i'm paying a lot of money for contract don't want to be losing my data allowance
Thanks for help again. I'm about to flash it. Fingers crossed.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Jaytwo,
My installation failed. Did you manage to flash it on the first go. I did exactly as you said. The thing is it finishes downloading in about 15 mins then fails installation. I also had the multiple folder detected problem. I clicked on ok on the registry patcher to delete the folder and re-started keys with the sgs connected.
The phone disconnects and after about couple of minutes is says Failed to convert to upgrade mode. Please try later.
Does anyone else know how to fix this? Am i doing anything wrong
thanking you in advance

Yes it flashed first time for me.
When the phone disconnected did you do anything?
I noticed when i flashed that the phone disconnected but i didnt touch anything and left it to carry on, it took a while but all went well in the end.
Try flashing again, just to check do you have the 3 button recovery option on your phone?

jaytwo said:
Yes it flashed first time for me.
When the phone disconnected did you do anything?
I noticed when i flashed that the phone disconnected but i didnt touch anything and left it to carry on, it took a while but all went well in the end.
Try flashing again, just to check do you have the 3 button recovery option on your phone?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi Jaytwo,
I have not touched the phone when it disconnected as i remember from a previous upgrade to Froyo from Eclaire when it disconnected and then reconnected before completing the upgrade.
I have the 3 button recovery i checked it. The wierd thing is the phone did not reboot to downloading mode where the yellow android digging man picture appears. The phone stays as it is. I wonder whether samsung changed anything recently.
kingconnought, on the main registry patcher thread also mentioned he is experiencing the same problem.
Can anyone else help.
Thanks again

I dont understand why your phone will not go into download mode as that is part of the flashing process.
Try doing a factory reset through settings on your phone, then try flashing again, apart from that im not sure what else you can do apart from flashing thru odin?

jaytwo said:
I dont understand why your phone will not go into download mode as that is part of the flashing process.
Try doing a factory reset through settings on your phone, then try flashing again, apart from that im not sure what else you can do apart from flashing thru odin?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks Jaytwo,
I will try factory restting. See if is works although i will have to go throught the pain of reinstalling all apps again.
By the way did you lose all your apps and data after the upgrade?

Kayno9 said:
By the way did you lose all your apps and data after the upgrade?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, thats the reason i wanted to upgrade thru kies as it keeps all your settings and apps, the only app i lost was the My3 one.
Hope its second time lucky for ya

jaytwo said:
No, thats the reason i wanted to upgrade thru kies as it keeps all your settings and apps, the only app i lost was the My3 one.
Hope its second time lucky for ya
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
LOL... This will be my 5th time.
By the way i thought il tell you this. If you ever want to for God knows whatever reason re-brand your phone to 3 then select the H3G product code and it should Flash your phone to the latest 3 branded Froyo which is JP5.
If i have to resort to Odin then i might as well wait for 3 to update their version to 2.2.1 as im too scared to Flash via Odin as there is too many risks associated with it. Or who knows Samsung may decide to release another version which might work.
Thanks

I got a quick question about this subject. Ik have no experience without android firmware flashing. Do ik need to backup stuff like imei number? For when the **** hits the fan. And if so how do ik do that?
*edit
found the answer to my own question here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=723596
Sent from my GT-I9000 using XDA App

jaytwo said:
No, thats the reason i wanted to upgrade thru kies as it keeps all your settings and apps, the only app i lost was the My3 one.
Hope its second time lucky for ya
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
not a good idea anyway.. there are a multitude of issues after upgrading os and not doing a factory reset...

Kayno9 said:
LOL... This will be my 5th time.
By the way i thought il tell you this. If you ever want to for God knows whatever reason re-brand your phone to 3 then select the H3G product code and it should Flash your phone to the latest 3 branded Froyo which is JP5.
If i have to resort to Odin then i might as well wait for 3 to update their version to 2.2.1 as im too scared to Flash via Odin as there is too many risks associated with it. Or who knows Samsung may decide to release another version which might work.
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Jaytwo,
It was 5th time lucky thanks to your recommendation to factory reset the phone. i factory set the phone again after upgrade and it is taking off like a rocket. Still yet to check everything but i have lost access to My3 as you said. I will let you know if i can manage to get access again.
Thanks for all your help mate. I apreciate it

Prefered Firmwares at the moment

Hi,
I have been looking at upgrading my phone that came with KE7 to a newer firmware, however I am confused about the multiple KFx releases due to their release dates being mixed up.
What is the best firmware at the moment coming from KE7 (I really want to improve the battery life).
Also, can I just flash the PDA bit to get the update and not the phone or CSC parts to get the android update without the other bits, and keep my apps and data?
Thanx
Aaron

If you want to improve battery life then you have to go for KF2. All the other firmwares used around 20-25% battery on my journey to work but now it only uses 10%. Also the battery usage list displays the correct processes, no wifi process when its off etc.

If preferred = newest build then KF2 is what you're looking for. I haven't seen amazing improvements in battery life but the de-charge seems to be much more consistent and is less prone to erratic drops when compared to other builds.

Thanks,
Does anyone know about picking and choosing the parts I want to flash so I dont lose any data or do I have to flash all 3 bits?
Aaron

Epic-Emodude said:
Thanks,
Does anyone know about picking and choosing the parts I want to flash so I dont lose any data or do I have to flash all 3 bits?
Aaron
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I flashed all 3 and didn't lose my data. Just picked KF2 with the same CSC I currently had.
Just to be 100% sure do a backup with CWM then if you do lose any thing you can restore just the data after flashing KF2

Hi guys. How do you flash KF2 and keep the package european with all languages? What do you use? Odin? And how? What do you choose? Thank.you
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App

leoking3 said:
Hi guys. How do you flash KF2 and keep the package european with all languages? What do you use? Odin? And how? What do you choose? Thank.you
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Use Odin but keep the same CSC.

Yes I imagine that, but all I flashed untill now consisted of one .tar file. That is y I asked what do I choose and how.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App

bluebirds said:
Use Odin but keep the same CSC.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just to check then, this just means flashing the Phone and PDA bits but not the CSC? Out of interest, what is the CSC bit?

Epic-Emodude said:
Just to check then, this just means flashing the Phone and PDA bits but not the CSC? Out of interest, what is the CSC bit?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I flashed all 3 files. This would be the same if you used one .tar file.
PDA refers to the build version of the firmware
Phone refers to the baseband/modem version
CSC is the consumer software customisation and is specific to geographical region and carriers. It contains the software packages specific to that region, carrier branding and also APN settings for data connection, MMS etc for your service provider.
.PIT refers to the partition information table you only need it if you screw up your partition table or if the firmware specifically requires it because of a change in the partition table layout. It's very likely you may never have to use this.
If the package only contains one .tar archive then it will have everything, pda+phone+csc, in the one file.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1075278

leoking3 said:
Yes I imagine that, but all I flashed untill now consisted of one .tar file. That is y I asked what do I choose and how.
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The .tar file is 3 files packaged as one. It includes CSC, Phone, and PDA.
If you use Odin you can select the indivdual 3 files or a mixture of different firmwares and it will give your the same result as the .tar file

Repartition and pit file in odin??

Hi, the other day i flashed 2.3.4 firmware from samfirmware and in the discription on the website it tells u to check repartition and use pit file??
But ive just read on here never to do them 2 things???
Have i messed up my phone in anyway??
If so, is it repairable???
Many thanks
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA Premium App

Does your phone still boot?
Are you able to get into donwload mode (volume-down + home + power on)?
If you at least can get into download mode, everything should be fine, if even THAT doesn't work anymore you'd have to send it in to Samsung for repair.

dazza_84 said:
Hi, the other day i flashed 2.3.4 firmware from samfirmware and in the discription on the website it tells u to check repartition and use pit file??
But ive just read on here never to do them 2 things???
Have i messed up my phone in anyway??
If so, is it repairable???
Many thanks
Sent from my GT-I9100 using XDA Premium App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
When I updated to KG1 2.3.4 I've also used the pit file and checked repartition. Until now the SGSII is running great. Don't know however if that will cause some problems to future updates.
Maybe some flashing guru here can clarify us?

Dave_Kjam said:
When I updated to KG1 2.3.4 I've also used the pit file and checked repartition. Until now the SGSII is running great. Don't know however if that will cause some problems to future updates.
Maybe some flashing guru here can clarify us?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No you get a problem at boot or none .
jje

It can cause problem, and you don't need to in order to flash.
So why take the risk?

veyka said:
It can cause problem, and you don't need to in order to flash.
So why take the risk?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well if you're new to it, and some places say "do it"....
Fortunately my only source of information when I started with my SGS2 (first Android device ever for me, so total newb!) was xda-dev, had no need to look somewhere else as all the answers were here already
So I read the "never ever under no circumstances use .pit and/or do repartition" often enough to have it burned into my mind, but I can see others getting confused and not really not sure about what to do when they read at other places "to install this FW, use the .pit file and tick the repart. option"....

Sorry about being too obtuse but what the hell are these .pit?
I just cant figure it out by myself!
Anyway, coming from a nexus one I am still a little lost about everything on samsung universe...

No problems at all

AllanJacques said:
Sorry about being too obtuse but what the hell are these .pit?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Partition Information Table
It's used to completely recreate the partitioning layout from scratch on the internal storage of the phone.
AFAIK unfortunately the bootloaders are stored on one of those partitions as well, so if something goes bad and the partitioning is messed up the phone can't find the bootloader and therefor not execute them -> R.I.P.

Samsung fake ROM (.WP8)

THIS PROJECT WAS DROPPED.
Use MBN Creator instead. It can SAFELY flash MBNs.​
This is empty ROM made to flash CSC (.mbn) without huge .wp8 file. It can be used to flash MBN on phones where .wp8 isn't available (Odyssey, Neo...).
This ROM is only safe for GT-I8750, cause if you do something wrong, you are still able to flash full normal ROM. You can use this small file to flash my custom CSC, if you don't want to store full 1.5 GB ROM on your HDD.
How to use it:
Choose this ROM as first file in Downloader, and MBN as second
Choose "Select" in "DL option"
Uncheck all partitions, except CSC
Boot your phone into Download Mode and connect it to PC
Click "Start"
Downloader will ask you "Download all binary?". Click "NO"
Hold "lock" key to reset your phone
Do Hard Reset to apply custom CSC
This ROM shouldn't be flashed! Or you turn your phone into a brick. Be careful.
Supported models:
GT-I8675
GT-I8750
SCH-I930
SGH-I187
SGH-T899M
SPH-I800

I can't seem to get the tool to detect the Odyssey in the first place.... Otherwise I would definitely help out.

thals1992 said:
I can't seem to get the tool to detect the Odyssey in the first place.... Otherwise I would definitely help out.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There are 2 Odyssey phones. What's your model?

SCH-I930

thals1992 said:
SCH-I930
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's supported by flasher.

Good idea.

Excellent work! If I understand correctly, this should interop-unlock people who got T899M phones that came with Samsung's GDR3 firmware pre-installed, right?

GoodDayToDie said:
Excellent work! If I understand correctly, this should interop-unlock people who got T899M phones that came with Samsung's GDR3 firmware pre-installed, right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes. Plus Neo and Odyssey. I can make a fake ROM for any model.

thals1992 said:
SCH-I930
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My SCH-I930 is detected running Win7 x64.
-W_O_L_F- said:
This is empty ROM made to flash CSC (.mbn) without huge .wp8 file. It can be used to flash MBN on phones where .wp8 isn't available (Odyssey, Neo...)
I need some guys with Neo, Odyssey and T899M to test it. This ROM is your chance to have custom CSC!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I can test it this afternoon after work. Now I wish I had told my coworker I couldn't cover for him.

Worked fine on my GT-8750.
Thanks WOLF.

defyme said:
Worked fine on my GT-8750.
Thanks WOLF.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I know, I tested it.

LOL ... still, I can't download the GDR3 update using ATO settings.
I believe it depends on the carrier. With the SIM card the update message says I've already the latest version of the OS, without SIM I get a 80072efd error.

Ok at the risk of looking stupid is there a fake rom and custom CSC for the SCH-I930? Just want to be clear on what rom and .mbn I should be using to test.

tonbonz said:
Ok at the risk of looking stupid is there a fake rom and custom CSC for the SCH-I930? Just want to be clear on what rom and .mbn I should be using to test.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Let me think.... I don't know, how CSC version should look like for this model.

-W_O_L_F- said:
Let me think.... I don't know, how CSC version should look like for this model.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Maybe this will help http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2685551 The download link in the thread also contains the CSC files from my Odyssey. Sorry, I would've got these to you directly but din't want to bug you for "custom roms" and posted in General sub forum as not to clutter the forums up more than they already are.
PS The text file in the zip is just the current info on my phone from reading CSC with diagnostic tool and NOT included in the files taken from the CSC folder I got off the phone using the Native Access Server app.

GoodDayToDie said:
Excellent work! If I understand correctly, this should interop-unlock people who got T899M phones that came with Samsung's GDR3 firmware pre-installed, right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do you have T899M? Can you help me test this ROM?

I do, but I'm not willing to hard-reset at this time unless vitally important. Too many in-progress experiments.
If I have to reset for some other reason (such as an experiment rendering the phone unbootable), I'll try this out. Generally speaking, though, I prefer to work from stock ROMs (with run-time modifications only) where possible.

Okay... I'm having trouble finding where the latest flasher app is at. I have the tool with odyssey support, but I can't seem to get it to take the driver on 8.1 even in Driver Test Mode.... I first tried it on x64, and I'll try later on x86.
EDIT: Okay... I got it working on the Venue 8 Pro (8.1x86)
Which ROM do I need to flash? I see one for the I8750 and the T899M. Or is it that you need the included? I believe the CSC might need to stay VZW, but can you overwrite an existing CSC? Anyways, the entire CSC folder has been attached for simplicity.
Sent from my Lumia 928 (RM-860) using Tapatalk

Ok, first tester bricked his phone. I think, he clicked "Yes" in step 6. It's soft brick, but... I didn't really think it can be flashed.

Who wants to be a second tester?

[Q] Reinstall bloatware before update

Hi my i9505 is rooted and I deleted the Vodafone bloat ware from it, my question is this,.......how do I reinstall the bloat ware before I update to 4.4 or don't I need too (I read it's dangerous to update if you have removed bloat ware from your phone, or is this untrue, any help would be greatly appreciated.
Kinds Regards
PS Before I forget how come some firmware from some sites say 4.4 Vodafone Australia, and some just say 4.4 Australia, does this means it will work with any i9505 or is it just they forgot to put in the carrier ??, my phone isn't locked but had some of the Vodafone bloat ware on it before I rooted and removed it.

@da20valve
Lol. No one forgot to put the carrier. Some firmwares are unbranded and some are branded.
The branded ones work with the carrier locked phones.
Unbranded ones work with the unlocked ones i.e. those who dont have a carrier locking
And it is safe to flash even if you have removed the bloat as when you flash a new firmware everything will return.
And yes. Backup the EFS folder (use the play store to download a efs backup software with highest rating) before you flash even the Official Firmwares.
"If someone helps, never forget to hit thanks ? "

So does that mean since mine is now unlocked even though it was from Vodafone originally I can use the unbranded ones ? (and if its the wrong one will it hurt the phone), also I just downloaded and Jwarriors EFS Backup Tool and saved it to my SD card, thanks for your help, I hit the thanks button.
Cheers

da20valve said:
So does that mean since mine is now unlocked even though it was from Vodafone originally I can use the unbranded ones ? (and if its the wrong one will it hurt the phone), also I just downloaded and Jwarriors EFS Backup Tool and saved it to my SD card, thanks for your help, I hit the thanks button.
Cheers
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Haha.
Yes now your phone is unbranded and nothing can lock it now.
Still let @MAX 404 confirm this
"If someone helps, never forget to hit thanks ? "

da20valve said:
So does that mean since mine is now unlocked even though it was from Vodafone originally I can use the unbranded ones ? (and if its the wrong one will it hurt the phone), also I just downloaded and Jwarriors EFS Backup Tool and saved it to my SD card, thanks for your help, I hit the thanks button.
Cheers
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
DeepankarS said:
Haha.
Yes now your phone is unbranded and nothing can lock it now.
Still let @MAX 404 confirm this
"If someone helps, never forget to hit thanks ? "
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1
No need to reload bloatware , you can use any stock firmware in your phone as long as is for your S4 model (i9505)

MAX 404 said:
+1
No need to reload bloatware , you can use any stock firmware in your phone as long as is for your S4 model (i9505)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
no worries I will use the Optus Australia version, can anyone point me to a how to for the flash
Thanks

da20valve said:
no worries I will use the Optus Australia version, can anyone point me to a how to for the flash
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
hi mate
This is the latest for Optus
http://www.sammobile.com/firmwares/download/37801/I9505XXUGNH6_I9505OPSGNH2_OPS.zip/
Instructions
Extract (unzip) the firmware file
Download Odin v3.09
Extract Odin zip-file
Open Odin v3.09
Reboot phone in Download Mode (press and hold Home + Power + Volume Down buttons)
Connect phone and wait until you get a blue sign in Odin
Add the firmware file to AP / PDA
Make sure re-partition is NOT ticked
Click the start button, sit back and wait a few minutes
I would do a backup first of your efs folder , any thing important and do a factory reset first.

MAX 404 said:
hi mate
Should I use the Optus one or the one that just says Australia ?, as mine phone was originally Vodafone would it really matter, if it doesn't why do they bother branding them. why don't they just build one for the 4 main carriers, or does the one that says Australia for all carriers.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse

da20valve said:
MAX 404 said:
hi mate
Should I use the Optus one or the one that just says Australia ?, as mine phone was originally Vodafone would it really matter, if it doesn't why do they bother branding them. why don't they just build one for the 4 main carriers, or does the one that says Australia for all carriers.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
IMHO you should flash a non branded one.
Why flash the optus one? Just because youre using optus (guessed) does not mean you have to flash that.
And firmwares are branded because they carry specific modem reqirements for the carriers
"If someone helps, never forget to hit thanks ? "
Click to expand...
Click to collapse

Re root after 4.2 unbranded update
Okay since I installed 4.2 my phone is rebooting a ****load (during calls) and just sitting there, wondering would the problem could be, I have noticed there have been a few erros that have said "folder mount has stopped working, can I just uninstall this or doesn't it work like that, also I am not rooted anymore should I root now or wait to get the problem sorted out first.

I have the s4 black edition also Vodafone but no branding at all
Sent from my GT-I9505G using Tapatalk

da20valve said:
Okay since I installed 4.2 my phone is rebooting a ****load (during calls) and just sitting there, wondering would the problem could be, I have noticed there have been a few erros that have said "folder mount has stopped working, can I just uninstall this or doesn't it work like that, also I am not rooted anymore should I root now or wait to get the problem sorted out first.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You need to do a factory reset and if that doesn't sort it try a different firmware.