Verizon 4.4.2 root options - Verizon Galaxy Note 3 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

I just migrated from a galaxy S3, my phone took the update that basically locks the boot loader while i was sleeping. Very unfair. So now I'm weary of what i can possibly do with my phone. So I have a note 3 on 4.4.2 waiting to be rooted. I did some research, found a few options but i want assurance that it is safe and possible. Has anyone been able to root the device (verizon) and put a rom on it? I believe towelroot is my best bet. Also what does NC4 and NC2 stand for? Thanks!

You have a lot of reading to do. Nc4&2 refer to build numbers, kernels, modems. Could be a lot of things...read carefully. Next search towel root. Then search safe strap. Read everything that Google shows you about those things. Then start testing what you feel comfortable flashing. Report back with questions

Here you go I'll make it alittle easier for you.
Root NC4: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2784009 by @droidguy22
Odin help: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2576104 by @az_biker
Root NC4 and setup to flash roms : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2787627 by @BeansTown106
Safestrap : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2517610 by @Hashcode
Modems : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2524572 by @BeansTown106
NC2 was a leak we got before the NC4 OTA, the NC2 left us a few loopholes that NC4 didn't. People who took the NC2 leak can odin all the way back to MJE 4.3 if we like. If you took the NC4 OTA you're stuck on NC4. Just because you're on NC4 doesn't mean you have to stick with that modem if your signal is awful. It all depends on where you are, etc. I'm on the NC2 leak but that modem was terrible for me so I flashed the NC4 modem. Some users are on NC4/NC2 and using the MJE modem and others are on NC2 modem. You have to try them out for yourself but if your signal is fine then don't worry about it. Just read, read and read again. Take your time and follow all instructions and you'll be fine. Happy rooting and flashing roms.

^^^op be sure to hit thanks on his post^^^

thegamerdarkseid said:
Here you go I'll make it alittle easier for you.
Root NC4: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2784009 by @droidguy22
Odin help: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2576104 by @az_biker
Root NC4 and setup to flash roms : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2787627 by @BeansTown106
Safestrap : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2517610 by @Hashcode
Modems : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2524572 by @BeansTown106
NC2 was a leak we got before the NC4 OTA, the NC2 left us a few loopholes that NC4 didn't. People who took the NC2 leak can odin all the way back to MJE 4.3 if we like. If you took the NC4 OTA you're stuck on NC4. Just because you're on NC4 doesn't mean you have to stick with that modem if your signal is awful. It all depends on where you are, etc. I'm on the NC2 leak but that modem was terrible for me so I flashed the NC4 modem. Some users are on NC4/NC2 and using the MJE modem and others are on NC2 modem. You have to try them out for yourself but if your signal is fine then don't worry about it. Just read, read and read again. Take your time and follow all instructions and you'll be fine. Happy rooting and flashing roms.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This post should effectively end all questions regarding basic flashing and upgrading firmware I'm thinking this will be referred to about a bazillion times! Nice work!

az_biker said:
This post should effectively end all questions regarding basic flashing and upgrading firmware I'm thinking this will be referred to about a bazillion times! Nice work!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks a ton, I just try to help out when I can.

One more question actually. I'm on the nc2 leak. Will flashing the nc4 full stock tar replace the bootloader and strand me as if I took the OTA?

Related

MJ7 to MJE help

Hi, already rooted, and have been running cleanrom on my MJ7 N3 for awhile now, and I see that many of the newer roms require MJE.
What would be the easist way to update to MJE, and could I just flash a MJE rom anyways?
(also I have deleted the stock rom for more space, worst case I'll odin back to stock, just wondering if there is a faster way than going back to stock, updating, then installing another custom rom.)
brex91 said:
Hi, already rooted, and have been running cleanrom on my MJ7 N3 for awhile now, and I see that many of the newer roms require MJE.
What would be the easist way to update to MJE, and could I just flash a MJE rom anyways?
(also I have deleted the stock rom for more space, worst case I'll odin back to stock, just wondering if there is a faster way than going back to stock, updating, then installing another custom rom.)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You CAN flash MJE roms but you'll likely have wifi and signal issues. SOme have done it and worked around the issues.
Use Odin to flash MJE tar is best way to get to MJE. If Kingo is still slow, use Vroot.
For any help or links, check Note 3 link in my sig
OTA Survival?
az_biker said:
You CAN flash MJE roms but you'll likely have wifi and signal issues. SOme have done it and worked around the issues.
Use Odin to flash MJE tar is best way to get to MJE. If Kingo is still slow, use Vroot.
For any help or links, check Note 3 link in my sig
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Using paid version of SuperSU 1.93, (updated binaries) will it survive OTA? from MJ7 to MJE?
Mr. HQ said:
Using paid version of SuperSU 1.93, (updated binaries) will it survive OTA? from MJ7 to MJE?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The results are kinda split on this. Some have said they survived OTA and many have said they lost root and had to Odin MJE anyway.
I usually tell folks to just Odin MJE and that way you only have to flash MJE ONCE

NC2 or NC5?

I currently have NC2, which supposedly has some security advantages over NC4 (http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2727876). Does this mean I should not upgrade beyond NC2 or just not take an OTA update beyond NC2, and deodexed stuff posted by reputable people here are okay to flash? Also I vaguely remember having to put NC4 bands or kernel or something in when I updated to NC2 (NC4 was already out at the time). Is there an equivalent for NC5 that should be updated, regardless of whether I stay with NC2 or not?
FatCat0 said:
I currently have NC2, which supposedly has some security advantages over NC4 (http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2727876). Does this mean I should not upgrade beyond NC2 or just not take an OTA update beyond NC2, and deodexed stuff posted by reputable people here are okay to flash? Also I vaguely remember having to put NC4 bands or kernel or something in when I updated to NC2 (NC4 was already out at the time). Is there an equivalent for NC5 that should be updated, regardless of whether I stay with NC2 or not?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you're already on NC2 I wouldn't take any OTA. And yes, roms are safe to flash.
K03WL3R said:
If you're already on NC2 I wouldn't take any OTA. And yes, roms are safe to flash.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I know roms are fine. I am having an issue because I would like to use a rom which doesn't interface with NC2.
I think my confusion comes from the term OTA. That means "Over The Air", as in "sent directly from Verizon to my phone", correct? I know not to accept the verizon updates. Is this a rom update and not firmware at all? Or at least it won't remove any capability from having NC2 installed http://galaxys4root.com/verizon-gal...c5-root-for-verizon-galaxy-s4-mdk-bootloader/
Is it just the baseband that I don't want to update beyond NC2?
I'm sorry, the different terminology is a little confusing and I don't want to do something that restricts the functionality of my phone and can't be undone.
By the way, my concern over this issue stems from here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2727876
So whatever he's talking about there is that to which I'm referring here.
FatCat0 said:
I know roms are fine. I am having an issue because I would like to use a rom which doesn't interface with NC2.
I think my confusion comes from the term OTA. That means "Over The Air", as in "sent directly from Verizon to my phone", correct? I know not to accept the verizon updates. Is this a rom update and not firmware at all? Or at least it won't remove any capability from having NC2 installed http://galaxys4root.com/verizon-gal...c5-root-for-verizon-galaxy-s4-mdk-bootloader/
Is it just the baseband that I don't want to update beyond NC2?
I'm sorry, the different terminology is a little confusing and I don't want to do something that restricts the functionality of my phone and can't be undone.
By the way, my concern over this issue stems from here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2727876
So whatever he's talking about there is that to which I'm referring here.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The Verizon OTA update is a firmware update. The difference between NC2 & NC4 is that the first was a leaked non-official bootloader. The benefits that came along with it were the ability to flash backwards to previous bootloaders, and some unique possibilities related to the kernel. Once on NC4 you cannot flash backwards, but the NC2 kernel can be flashed on top of the NC4 bootloader so that it retains all the benefits of NC2 except the ability to go back from kitkat to jellybean.
NC5, which you have provided a link to is an S4 firmware, NC2/NC4 are Note 3 firmwares. If odin even let you flash the NC5 tar it would at the very least soft brick your phone.
I would say that unless you want to go back to jellybean at some point there is no reason not to be on the NC4 bootloader with NC2 kernel as NC4 is the official bootloader, however the opinions across the forums may vary. What is clear is that taking any OTA update is unwise if you want to maintain root access to your phone. This community is full of developers that dedicate their time to providing us with a way to keep our phones as close to the way we want them as possible, for without them we would be on our own and many of us would never experience the possibilities. Thank God for devs.
I hope this helped.
kinstre11 said:
The Verizon OTA update is a firmware update. The difference between NC2 & NC4 is that the first was a leaked non-official bootloader. The benefits that came along with it were the ability to flash backwards to previous bootloaders, and some unique possibilities related to the kernel. Once on NC4 you cannot flash backwards, but the NC2 kernel can be flashed on top of the NC4 bootloader so that it retains all the benefits of NC2 except the ability to go back from kitkat to jellybean.
NC5, which you have provided a link to is an S4 firmware, NC2/NC4 are Note 3 firmwares. If odin even let you flash the NC5 tar it would at the very least soft brick your phone.
I would say that unless you want to go back to jellybean at some point there is no reason not to be on the NC4 bootloader with NC2 kernel as NC4 is the official bootloader, however the opinions across the forums may vary. What is clear is that taking any OTA update is unwise if you want to maintain root access to your phone. This community is full of developers that dedicate their time to providing us with a way to keep our phones as close to the way we want them as possible, for without them we would be on our own and many of us would never experience the possibilities. Thank God for devs.
I hope this helped.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Whoops, yeah somehow I ended up there and assumed I was on the galaxynote3 variant of that website and didn't notice. This explains why when I searched the note3 forums for NC5 I got no results! This also explains why Hyperdrive 17.1 doesn't load on my phone! Man, I just lost almost two days because I ended up in the wrong Hyperdrive topic.
Thanks for the help! One last question (I just want to make sure that I have all of this right): If I want to move to NC4, I can take, for example, a deodexed version of the NC4 ROM, flash that in Safestrap, then find an NC4 bootloader and install that via odin? Or do I not need to do the bootloader step?
If you want to go fully to NC4 you need to flash the stock tar via odin. File can be found here.
The NC4 rom found here, however this is not the firmware for the bootloader. It can be flashed on the NC2 bootloader.
The first link is the firmware for the NC4 bootloader, the second link is a stock rom and instructions on how to get the NC2 kernel with either NC2 or NC4 bootloaders.

Getting a note 3 soon. Curious??

I'm looking at getting a note 3 soon. I already know about the towel root method which doesn't trip know. But if I use this method to flash the recovery will it trip it([ROOT] Rashr - Flash Tool)? Also if I use the safe strap method that has been posted can I put all the different roms on the phone or just certain ones? Can I also use the safe strap method to make backups? Only reason I ask is because it's still in the beta stage. Also if know is tripped that just for warranty purposes meaning your SOL right? Thanks guys.
** guessing for the verizon model u can't use the regular method of installing a recovery but u have to use the safe strap method. Since the bootloader still can't be unlocked on the verizon edition?
With the retail Verizon Note 3, the best way is to take OTA to NC4 or Odin flash it, use towelroot, install busybox, and install latest safestrap. Reboot to safestrap and then reboot to download mode and you will need to Odin the NC2 kernel only file to get custom ROMs to work. Then you can flash most of the ROMs in the development (not original development) section. You can flash them in the stock slot, or the latest safestrap update has additional "ROM slots" working again with the NC2 bootloader so you could retain your stock rooted ROM.
Safestrap works just like TWRP recovery in that you can backup, restore, wipe, flash, etc. None of the above will trip Knox.
Kexec is being worked on and somewhere I saw that it may be wiser to Odin to the NC2 KK leak instead of NC4 if you want the possibility of custom kernel modules in the future. I have also seen people who have used the NC2 leak say they are having poor signal issues, so it's a double edged sword. No one has really confirmed if there was a link between NC2 and signal issues or release day Note 3's and signal issues, but personally I had problems and I have used NC2 and also have a release day phone.
There is plenty of info around here and if you have questions you can always PM for help.
adoublearonn said:
With the retail Verizon Note 3, the best way is to take OTA to NC4 or Odin flash it, use towelroot, install busybox, and install latest safestrap. Reboot to safestrap and then reboot to download mode and you will need to Odin the NC2 kernel only file to get custom ROMs to work. Then you can flash most of the ROMs in the development (not original development) section. You can flash them in the stock slot, or the latest safestrap update has additional "ROM slots" working again with the NC2 bootloader so you could retain your stock rooted ROM.
Safestrap works just like TWRP recovery in that you can backup, restore, wipe, flash, etc. None of the above will trip Knox.
Kexec is being worked on and somewhere I saw that it may be wiser to Odin to the NC2 KK leak instead of NC4 if you want the possibility of custom kernel modules in the future. I have also seen people who have used the NC2 leak say they are having poor signal issues, so it's a double edged sword. No one has really confirmed if there was a link between NC2 and signal issues or release day Note 3's and signal issues, but personally I had problems and I have used NC2 and also have a release day phone.
There is plenty of info around here and if you have questions you can always PM for help.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just to add to this very informative post. If you have signal issues on NC2 you can use Odin to change the modem to what works best for you. I'm on NC2 with the NC4 modem.
Sent from the Note 3 of The Afro Samurai

????

Unified KK Firmware for RE whats that?
Unified kit Kat firmware for Retail Edition
Sent from my BeansTown Note 3
hazedabeast said:
Unified KK Firmware for RE whats that?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
To chime in further, is you took the NC4 OTA on the retail note 3 you're stuck on NC4. Alot of us took the NC2 leak which left some holes for us as being able to downgrade back to MJE 4.3 but on the NC2 leak if we reboot to recovery your phone will bootloop and on NC4 it won't. The unified firmware gives you the option for NC4 firmware without taking the NC4 OTA if you're on MJE/NC2 and you can still downgrade to MJE if you'd like. Hope that helps you some. I might be missing a few details as I'm just a user and not a developer.

[Q] About to dive into ROMing, have a couple questions

So I've got a Verizon Note 3 running android 4.3 rooted with supersu + busybox, decent amount of samsung bloatware disabled. I am wondering for starters if I were to install safestrap if I can just keep the way it currently is and then use a rom slot for any roms or should I factory wipe the stock slot, install 4.4.2 via odin then root via towelroot and then install safestrap and rom from that or what method should I take? Is it possible to use the ROM slots on the VZN3? I watched a few youtube videos and they were all factory resetting the stock slot and installing it there but I'd love to be able to just keep my current setup as is since it'd be a guranteed fallback. In case this doesnt make sense just respond as to what needs clarification and i'll respond in less than 5 minutes.
You can use only the jelly bean roms while on jb. Follow the instructions to use a kitkat rom in each roms op. You have to odin the kernal. You will retain root if following them. You dont need to use towelroot.
So can i just do a rom slot or do I have to upgrade to kit kat? What do you mean by odin the kernel?
Its really to much to explain… you probably really have to do some read up on odin software and kernels before you attempt to do anything on your phone cause no one is responsible but you… So please google search how to odin or how to flash a unified kernel NC2 or NC4… Nc2 is a older but more versatile kernel of 4.4.2 and Nc4 is the lastest kernel likely the one that your on now go to about phone and look under Baseband Version yours should say NC4 the last 3 character
waco2hot33 said:
Its really to much to explain… you probably really have to do some read up on odin software and kernels before you attempt to do anything on your phone cause no one is responsible but you… So please google search how to odin or how to flash a unified kernel NC2 or NC4… Nc2 is a older but more versatile kernel of 4.4.2 and Nc4 is the lastest kernel likely the one that your on now go to about phone and look under Baseband Version yours should say NC4 the last 3 character
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Seems like saying kernel is unnecessary, isn't this just flashing the .tar or whatever format it is to the phone using odin, i've already done that. I just need to upgrade to NC4? No one is answering the question of whether i can just use the rom slots and keep the stock slot active on MJE.
Xproplayer said:
Seems like saying kernel is unnecessary, isn't this just flashing the .tar or whatever format it is to the phone using odin, i've already done that. I just need to upgrade to NC4? No one is answering the question of whether i can just use the rom slots and keep the stock slot active on MJE.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Once you upgrade to KK your MJE roms won't work so if you have a real love for a particular MJE rom stay on MJE. On KK and the updated safestrap rom slots work but with mixed results, some people have no problems and other roms in slots other than stock have seen performance issues.
You only need the NC2 kernel if you took the NC4 OTA, if you upgrade via this method you don't have to worry about it.
See here : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=55241731&postcount=2
waco2hot33 said:
Its really to much to explain… you probably really have to do some read up on odin software and kernels before you attempt to do anything on your phone cause no one is responsible but you… So please google search how to odin or how to flash a unified kernel NC2 or NC4… Nc2 is a older but more versatile kernel of 4.4.2 and Nc4 is the lastest kernel likely the one that your on now go to about phone and look under Baseband Version yours should say NC4 the last 3 character
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thegamerdarkseid said:
Once you upgrade to KK your MJE roms won't work so if you have a real love for a particular MJE rom stay on MJE. On KK and the updated safestrap rom slots work but with mixed results, some people have no problems and other roms in slots other than stock have seen performance issues.
You only need the NC2 kernel if you took the NC4 OTA, if you upgrade via this method you don't have to worry about it.
See here : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=55241731&postcount=2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't want MJE roms, I want NC4 roms, but what I mean is can I keep my stock slot as MJE and use rom slot for nc4 roms
Xproplayer said:
I don't want MJE roms, I want NC4 roms, but what I mean is can I keep my stock slot as MJE and use rom slot for nc4 roms
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No that can't happen unless there's something huge that I don't know about. They are different firmwares. But if you do the rooted upgrade you can go back if you prefer ME, if you do the OTA there's no going back to MJE.
Xproplayer said:
I don't want MJE roms, I want NC4 roms, but what I mean is can I keep my stock slot as MJE and use rom slot for nc4 roms
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No that can't happen unless there's something huge that I don't know about. They are different firmwares. But if you do the rooted upgrade you can go back if you prefer ME, if you do the OTA there's no going back to MJE.
Xproplayer said:
I don't want MJE roms, I want NC4 roms, but what I mean is can I keep my stock slot as MJE and use rom slot for nc4 roms
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Xproplayer said:
I don't want MJE roms, I want NC4 roms, but what I mean is can I keep my stock slot as MJE and use rom slot for nc4 roms
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No that can't happen unless there's something huge that I don't know about. They are different firmwares. But if you do the rooted upgrade you can go back if you prefer ME, if you do the OTA there's no going back to MJE.
Xproplayer said:
I don't want MJE roms, I want NC4 roms, but what I mean is can I keep my stock slot as MJE and use rom slot for nc4 roms
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
currently the only rom that runs with the NC4 kernel is jasmine.
the_rooter said:
currently the only rom that runs with the NC4 kernel is jasmine.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Are you sure? I was looking at alliancerom and it says NC4 4.4.2 in the name...
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2553357
Xproplayer said:
Are you sure? I was looking at alliancerom and it says NC4 4.4.2 in the name...
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2553357
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes Alliance is nc2 kernel but it'll be nc4 next build..... http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=55373385
thegamerdarkseid said:
Yes Alliance is nc2 kernel but it'll be nc4 next build..... http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=55373385
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do you happen to know about hyerdrive, and just to clarify i should be able to flash nc2 to my vzn3 and then install alliance over it
Both are possible; I did the latter. ROM slots do not work with SS 3.72 and above (the one you will need if you are running kit Kat). You can only flash ROMs to the stock slot, so make a nandroid first!
If you decide to stay on JB and SS 3.71, you can definitely keep a stock ROM in the stock slot and install another ROM on a custom ROM slot. Hope I could help.
Sent from my GT-I9505G using Tapatalk
---------- Post added at 07:38 AM ---------- Previous post was at 07:32 AM ----------
Actually since you're on note 3 you may need SS 3.75 if you're going to flash kit Kat Roms. If you have any questions feel free to email me. And yes Hyperdrive is an extremely popular TW ROM. Just make sure whatever android version you are on, flash a compatible ROM.
Sent from my GT-I9505G using Tapatalk
marbertshere said:
Both are possible; I did the latter. ROM slots do not work with SS 3.72 and above (the one you will need if you are running kit Kat). You can only flash ROMs to the stock slot, so make a nandroid first!
If you decide to stay on JB and SS 3.71, you can definitely keep a stock ROM in the stock slot and install another ROM on a custom ROM slot. Hope I could help.
Sent from my GT-I9505G using Tapatalk
---------- Post added at 07:38 AM ---------- Previous post was at 07:32 AM ----------
Actually since you're on note 3 you may need SS 3.75 if you're going to flash kit Kat Roms. If you have any questions feel free to email me. And yes Hyperdrive is an extremely popular TW ROM. Just make sure whatever android version you are on, flash a compatible ROM.
Sent from my GT-I9505G using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
its actually ss 3.75 B04
So does anyone know about hyperdrive? I looked all over the thread and couldn't find anything..
Xproplayer said:
So does anyone know about hyperdrive? I looked all over the thread and couldn't find anything..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What do you want to know about Hyperdrive? If you're on NC4 and you want to run Hyperdrive you'll have to flash the NC2 kernel after flashing the rom or it won't boot. Just flash the rom in safestrap and when you're done flashing use safestrap to boot into download mode and flash NC2 kernel in Odin in the AP slot. In all honesty I'd look into flashing @hsbadr unified kk firmware and then you could run any rom in this forum without worrying about flashing the NC2 kernel. I've done it and been able to bounce from rom to rom without any issues....
thegamerdarkseid said:
What do you want to know about Hyperdrive? If you're on NC4 and you want to run Hyperdrive you'll have to flash the NC2 kernel after flashing the rom or it won't boot. Just flash the rom in safestrap and when you're done flashing use safestrap to boot into download mode and flash NC2 kernel in Odin in the AP slot. In all honesty I'd look into flashing @hsbadr unified kk firmware and then you could run any rom in this forum without worrying about flashing the NC2 kernel. I've done it and been able to bounce from rom to rom without any issues....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm currently on 4.3 MJE, could you send some links on this unified, the only two roms I'm currently interested in are Hyperdrive and Alliance but I've been told each one has to be flashed onto specific roms etc etc.
Xproplayer said:
I'm currently on 4.3 MJE, could you send some links on this unified, the only two roms I'm currently interested in are Hyperdrive and Alliance but I've been told each one has to be flashed onto specific roms etc etc.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Here's the link to the post look in Downloads. RE is for retail edition and DE is for Dev Edition. Don't flash the wrong one or you could brick your phone. The unified firmware is flashed in Odin in the AP slot and once you flash it you can jump from rom to rom without worrying about the NC2 kernel but since you're on MJE you'll need to do the KK upgrade before flashing unified firmware. See quote in red at the bottom of the Downloads section!! I don't want you to get the wrong impression as I'm not yelling at you or anything bro, I don't want anyone bricking their device....
Link to firmware : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=52860439&postcount=1
Links for all other things : http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=55241731&postcount=2

Categories

Resources