Database Users

Which kernel is the best?

Hello!
Like the topic says I wonder which kernel you guys thinks is the best! Which one got best battery life and smoothest and yeah you know! And which ROM do you use your kernel with? Personally I think matr1x is the most stable kernel out there when overclocked. But Air kernel with pixel 1.60, nothing is smoother!
Share your opinions plz! have a nice day!
Sent from my Nexus S using Tapatalk

bedalus made us a nice comparison of kernels, i suggest reading his thread and checking out the comparisons http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1441905
but personally, i think that the trinity kernels are on the very top of the food chain

simms22 said:
bedalus made us a nice comparison of kernels, i suggest reading his thread and checking out the comparisons http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1441905
but personally, i think that the trinity kernels are on the very top of the food chain
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Definitely check out that link. Some great information in it relating to kernels.
As for myself, nearly every single time I try a kernel other than matr1x, I get stability issues. Then again, I've only given a few ICS kernels a go thus far. I am a fan of Air Kernel at this current time. It has been stable and fast for me.

Stock kernel !...
because without stock kernel there is no custom kernel..

skizzled said:
Definitely check out that link. Some great information in it relating to kernels.
As for myself, nearly every single time I try a kernel other than matr1x, I get stability issues. Then again, I've only given a few ICS kernels a go thus far. I am a fan of Air Kernel at this current time. It has been stable and fast for me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Same here Skizzled... big fan of Matr1x, but am driving the Air Kernel 3.5_65fps. It has performed very well and has good battery life for me.
Steviemac

I prefer the aniDroid hardened but... b4 & b5 are so unstable.
Now i'm using air.
And waiting for stable anidroid hardened.
Sent from my Nexus S using XDA

Using Air 3.6 with only voodoo right now.
Fast and stable for me till now :thumbup:
Sent from my Nexus S using XDA

My favorite ROM is AOKP and for my phone steve.garon's kernel seems to be the best option for stability, battery life, and smoothness.

Using simple kernel here.. Adds voodoo sound and BLN without compromising on stability cause everything else is stock. I find ics on the nexus smooth enough already

Using air_kernel_v3.6_65fps+blue now.
Fast and stable for me. rom: GummyNex 0.8.2. work perfect for me!!

http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1469842
In my opinion, Air Kernel is the best
Matr1x kernel is not working properly with my nexus S, because of undervolt setting.
Simply, it does not boot.

air_kernel_v3.6_65fps+blue with Pixel 1.6 Lite Touch. Best ICS based Kernel/ROM combination for Stability and battery life I have tested so far. But, I normally end up switching back to Oxygen Rom eventually. I know it is GB based but who can beat a fast ROM which can get you uptimes in excess of 1000 hours with no need to reboot.

I use matr1x-cfs 18.0 and so far, everything seems to be fast and stable. The only times my phone reboots is when I play around with the already undervolted kernel.
Other than that, it's fast and I don't see a point of switching to other kernels unless they provide a feature that's not in matr1x.

Matr1x is the best for me battery life and performance.
Sent from my Nexus S

Matr1x kernel for me is always at or near the top can't go wrong with Matr1x the only time I don't use the kernel is if I'm on Peter Alfonso Bugless Beast Rom other than that its Matrix!!
Sent from my Nexus S 4G using xda premium

Take a look at Thalamus' kernel... for me it's the best balance between stock kernel and modded ones. Battery +75% (approx.) and no reboot at all!
You'll find it (current version: 3.0.23_r1) at this page.

Nuhetri v3.0.1 and airkernel v3.6 with voodoo colors! working flawlessly!

I've been on many different Kernels but in the end I always go back to Matr1x. It worms the best for me

bertans said:
Take a look at Thalamus' kernel... for me it's the best balance between stock kernel and modded ones. Battery +75% (approx.) and no reboot at all!
You'll find it (current version: 3.0.23_r1) at this page.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks I just downloaded to give a spin I hope it work well on my Nexus S4G!
Sent from my Nexus S 4G using xda premium

buglessbeast+matrix best combo for battlife and performance

Noob: best ROM battery related

Hi, I'm a noob here in the Note. I've been a heavy user and a quite massive flasher of my SGS2.
I'm expecting my Note tomorrow and I'm very frightened in advance by its battery life. So I'm thinking of rooting instantaneously as I open its box but I need your advice.
Should I just root it with the CFroot and leave the stock Samsung touchwiz or should I flash any ROM with good battery results? If so, please I need a small amount of opinions. Which one is the most reliable? Do the latest ICS betas have the same battery drain as the latest GBs? Should I go ICS to start enjoying the Note experience or stay in a GB rom?
Please help me to grasp the state of things in the Note world as I open the box.

Right now I'm using a custom ROM, Darky ROM to be exact and I'm really pleased. This one seems to work best overall for me (along with the latest franco kernel).
Most people however have reported great performance with using the latest Abyss kernel and Rocket ROM. Those for me, weirdly were slower and Abyss got me battery drain.
However, my experience differs from that of most users out there, so basically you should probably try them yourself at first and see which one suits you better.

eug3n91 said:
Right now I'm using a custom ROM, Darky ROM to be exact and I'm really pleased. This one seems to work best overall for me (along with the latest franco kernel).
Most people however have reported great performance with using the latest Abyss kernel and Rocket ROM. Those for me, weirdly were slower and Abyss got me battery drain.
However, my experience differs from that of most users out there, so basically you should probably try them yourself at first and see which one suits you better.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you pal for the first clues!

Checkrom got me the best battery life so far, mainly it is a lite rom.
Hope its not placebo!
Sent from my GT-N7000 using xda premium

At the moment I'm using Rocket Rom together with the Speed Kernel which, with a few tweaks here and there, gives me awesome battery life while using and in standby.

Lite Roms have most of the Samsung and some other stuff removed. As a rule, they are more battery efficient. The best ones IMO are Cassie's XtraLite and Chrak's Small Rom. Of course, removed apps that you need can be added back in both of these Roms.
I used both with Franco's kernels, and they were fast, smooth and easy on the battery.
As for ICS, my advice would be to stay out of it for the time being. You have things to learn before being able to cope with the necessary high maintenance and fixing the ICS Roms require ATM.
No disrespect meant, just stating the fact.

aguadilu said:
Hi, I'm a noob here in the Note. I've been a heavy user and a quite massive flasher of my SGS2.
................. things in the Note world as I open the box.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I had the same issues with Battery life of SGN. Then I rooted with Franco Kernel 2.6.35.7 & have almost increased my Battery life by 30%
So try it & if you find bettter ROM, pl do share
Thanks & All the best

[Q] (Q) Reccomend rom and kernel combo?

Hi you guys, I just got my nexus 4 a week ago and rooted it right away.
I have been looking through the list of roms and I honestly don't know which is right for me.
I'm looking for a STABLE rom that knows how to balance battery life and power.
I don't care too much for customization, just a little would be nice (Nothing too overbearing).
It would be if the rom just knew what it was doing, and doesn't need me to constantly tweak things.
SO in all, just the BEST reccomnded rom and kernal combo.
Thank you in advance.
EDIT: I am currently running the stock rom, and franco r53 kernel

Slimbean. Stable, no bugs. As for kernels, they all are good. I like trinity and matrix

You will get a lot of different feedback what is the best. In the end it's a matter of taste.
atm I like AOKP with faux123 kernel. I heard the Minco Rom which comes with franco kernel should be very stable and smooth. And this rom and kernel where developed and supposed to work together:
"Welcome to the cross collaboration between myself & Francisco Franco.
We're proud to announce the first and ONLY Franco supported ROM. This ROM has been built from AOSP Jelly Bean."
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2061573
I don't know if you already know this "index"
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1975842
try some of the AOSP ROMs and see what's best for you. Since there is no best combo for everyone.

Try EVERYTHING! Every phone is different as is every person.
I could just go on about how I now swear to Trinity and AOKP, but you'll never really know the answer to your own question unless you experiment. The experimenting is the best part :3
Sent from my Nexus 4 using xda app-developers app

I use ParanoidAndroid with Harsh's kernel.
Of course this is subjective, but having tried all kernels (except Matrix and Trinity) Harsh's one is the fastest and smoothest one with good battery life. I think other kernels have better battery life as they disable mpdecision, but this comes at the loss of smoothness which I personally prioritise.
As for the ROM, I haven't tried any since I flashed PA first. I don't think I'm ever going to even consider switching ROM's - that's how awesome it is :good:
But as everybody else is saying, you have to try everything yourself, not like that's a burden since everybody on XDA loves flashing stuff. It's fun!

Notorious544d said:
I use ParanoidAndroid with Harsh's kernel.
Of course this is subjective, but having tried all kernels (except Matrix and Trinity) Harsh's one is the fastest and smoothest one with good battery life. I think other kernels have better battery life as they disable mpdecision, but this comes at the loss of smoothness which I personally prioritise.
As for the ROM, I haven't tried any since I flashed PA first. I don't think I'm ever going to even consider switching ROM's - that's how awesome it is :good:
But as everybody else is saying, you have to try everything yourself, not like that's a burden since everybody on XDA loves flashing stuff. It's fun!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Want battery but worried about smooth? Install pimy my ROM and use a fee tweaks here and there ....
Sent from my Nexus 4 using xda app-developers app

MINCO, really lite

Sorry i didn't make this clear earlier. But i care MUCH more about battery life than performance. I use my phone constantly, wether that means texting or reddit or games. I'm sure the nexus' hardware can more than keep up with these tasks but I'm getting relatively poor battery life.

I'm a gamer I use rasbeenjelly rom and motley b31 experimental. I get better battery life and performance than stock rom.
Sent from my Nexus 4 using XDA Premium HD app

I would try all the roms in the world. But i don't know a quick and effecitive way to back up all my apps. I used titanium backup ut many apps just weren't compatitible with the new custom rom. Tips?

newtoandroid30 said:
I would try all the roms in the world. But i don't know a quick and effecitive way to back up all my apps. I used titanium backup ut many apps just weren't compatitible with the new custom rom. Tips?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Really? I've flashed dozens of ROMs between my Galaxy Nexus and N4, and have always used TiBu Pro without fail to quickly restore my apps. (then again, all my apps are from the Play store).
My favorite rom lately has been codefireXsr5
with Motley b31 kernel. Alternatively, Liquidsmooth 3.2 with Trinity 91g
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk 2

Factory stock rom and franco kernel.
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk 2

Slimbean (stable, no bugs) and Harsh kernel (smoothest kernel I've tried so far and good battery life)

reaper000 said:
Really? I've flashed dozens of ROMs between my Galaxy Nexus and N4, and have always used TiBu Pro without fail to quickly restore my apps. (then again, all my apps are from the Play store).
My favorite rom lately has been codefireXsr5
with Motley b31 kernel. Alternatively, Liquidsmooth 3.2 with Trinity 91g
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Have u tried SR7.2 with motley?

galaxys said:
Have u tried SR7.2 with motley?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's what I'm running right now! :good:
The reason I recc'd SR5 was because I found it faster than SR6. Heck, with Matr1x 5.5ocgpu487 (which itself is marginally faster than Matr1x6), I was scoring just over 20000 on AnTuTu with SR5.
I just benched SR7.2 with Motley b31oc1678, gave a pretty nice AnTuTu score of 20900, which is the same as what SR5 gave. So I'd give a thumbs up to this combo -- it also feels as good as SR5! (Running Trinity 91L at 1728 oc'd would undoubtedly bump that above 21000, but I couldn't tell the difference between running Trinity at 1728 and Motley at 1678 in daily use)
Do have to say that Rasbean Jelly and Trinity 91L was blinding fast, very noticeable in regular use; totally supports the >23000 AnTuTu score. (But I can't tell that big a difference between that combo and Liquidsmooth 3.2, which is unsupported by its 19000 benchmark. Yet another reason why I feel benchmarks are somewhat worthless when compared between entirely different ROMs)
It's all really subjective; objective tests like benchmarks are so confounded that only data mongers like me bother to use them :silly:

With Motleys I get 16000 at 1024
19500 at 1242 but then the increase is negligible. 22500 at 1642 for me.
I have been runing at 1024 and every game is perfect. Undervolted to 650 at 1024
Sent from my Mako using XDA Premium HD app

[Q] Optimal Setup for Nexus 4?

Hi!
I got my Nexus 4 three days ago.
My Usage Specs -
I use my N4 mainly for internet ( WiFi, sometimes 2G ) and a little bit of gaming. I make occasional calls and text rarely.
I don't use WhatsApp or Facebook.
I'm using STOCK ROM+Kernel.
I'm getting around 10-12 hours of battery life, with 4-5 hours of screen-on time.
Now, I want to be able to over/under clock & volt my CPU+GPU. This is to increase battery life and increase performance, as required.
It looks like too much choice is very confusing. So, I'd like some experienced suggestions and recommendations.
So, which _ should I use? ( And, I've already narrowed down the choices a bit )
Kernel - Faux, Motley, Franco
ROM - AOSP(Stock), CyanogenMod, Paranoid Android, Xylon
Also, should I use Battery, CPU, RAM managers? If so, which ones?
What are some cool, useful N4 specific apps?
Any other tweaks and tips? - You can link to other xda threads, if available.
I will be unlocking and rooting tomorrow, once I decide which kernel+ROM to use.
Thanks!

Ram and battery managers are not necessary. You have 2GB of ram. Battery saver apps do not work. besides you said you're getting 4-5 hours of screen time. That's great!
Download greenify. It's a great app.
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk 2

OP, "best ROM/kernel" questions are not allowed here. You will have to experiment and see.

scream4cheese said:
Ram and battery managers are not necessary. You have 2GB of ram. Battery saver apps do not work. besides you said you're getting 4-5 hours of screen time. That's great!
Download greenify. It's a great app.
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's cleared up some of my doubt. Thanks!
I'll try out greenify, too.

estallings15 said:
OP, "best ROM/kernel" questions are not allowed here. You will have to experiment and see.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi,
I understand that you are trying to prevent flame-wars and the like, however, I'm not looking for 'the best kernel/ROM'.
I want to know which combinations and configs other people have used, and I'd like some experienced suggestions.
I'm finding it confusing to differentiate between the variety of kernels and roms available, so I wanted some recommendations - preferably, with reasons.
Thanks!

arvindch said:
Hi,
understand that you are trying to prevent flame-wars and the like, however, I'm not looking for 'the best kernel/ROM'.
I want to know which combinations and configs other people have used, and I'd like some experienced suggestions.
I'm finding it confusing to differentiate between the variety of kernels and roms available, so I wanted some recommendations - preferably, with reasons.
Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I use Paranoid Android with its stock kernel. For me, no other rom can compare to Pa on the nexus 4! Not even cyanogen mod is as fluid, stable, and efficient. With my current setup I get around 16 hours battery life (5:30 am-11ish pm), with ~5 hours screen on time. I don't use any task killers or memory managers. I just make sure to force close all my apps when I'm done with them, and I reboot the phone every 24 hours to keep it at its maximum performance. Although my usage is slightly different. I use my phone mainly to browse the Web, text and occasionally snap some pictures and check instagram. Hopefully this helps you out a bit

One okialot
brandonc0526 said:
I use Paranoid Android with its stock kernel. For me, no other rom can compare to Pa on the nexus 4! Not even cyanogen mod is as fluid, stable, and efficient. With my current setup I get around 16 hours battery life (5:30 am-11ish pm), with ~5 hours screen on time. I don't use any task killers or memory managers. I just make sure to force close all my apps when I'm done with them, and I reboot the phone every 24 hours to keep it at its maximum performance. Although my usage is slightly different. I use my phone mainly to browse the Web, text and occasionally snap some pictures and check instagram. Hopefully this helps you out a bit
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks! This is exactly the sort of information I was hoping for.
I think I'll try out PA today.
Also, Have you tried other kernels?

arvindch said:
Thanks! This is exactly the sort of information I was hoping for.
I think I'll try out PA today.
Also, Have you tried other kernels?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Trinity and Franco kernel works great with PA. And so does semaphore. I use Franco kernel mainly because I get more screen time than any other kernel I've used. Franco kernel delivers a balance between smoothness and great battery life.
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk 2

scream4cheese said:
Trinity and Franco kernel works great with PA. And so does semaphore. I use Franco kernel mainly because I get more screen time than any other kernel I've used. Franco kernel delivers a balance between smoothness and great battery life.
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Okay, and you use PA too?
Also, how does the kernel affect smoothness? Shouldn't the performance be the same as long as you don't change clock speeds? Or is it due to the new governors that the kernel uses?
Also, what about motley kernel? The thread is very spartan, and I can't glean much info about it.
Has anyone tried Xylon? - it looks efficient.

arvindch said:
Okay, and you use PA too?
Also, how does the kernel affect smoothness? Shouldn't the performance be the same as long as you don't change clock speeds? Or is it due to the new governors that the kernel uses?
Also, what about motley kernel? The thread is very spartan, and I can't glean much info about it.
Has anyone tried Xylon? - it looks efficient.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've tried the Franco kernel before but I find the stock PA one to be perfect as far as colors go. I've never had an issue with smoothness using it and I don't even worry about clock speed or governors. As far as xylon goes, I found it to be very washed out using the stock kernel that comes with the rom, again in terms of display. When I ran xylon for a few days, I ran into a few hiccups in performance that weren't acknowledged, even when running with different kernels. I've also tried AOKP, Cyanogen, and axiom, but I always return back to paranoid

brandonc0526 said:
I've tried the Franco kernel before but I find the stock PA one to be perfect as far as colors go. I've never had an issue with smoothness using it and I don't even worry about clock speed or governors. As far as xylon goes, I found it to be very washed out using the stock kernel that comes with the rom, again in terms of display. When I ran xylon for a few days, I ran into a few hiccups in performance that weren't acknowledged, even when running with different kernels. I've also tried AOKP, Cyanogen, and axiom, but I always return back to paranoid
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Okay, thanks. I'll experiment a bit, and see how it goes.
I've used PA before, on a HTC One V. It looks great, IMO too,

Try the matrix kernal
Sent from my Nexus 4 using Tapatalk 4 Beta

HI!
So I have experimented and tested most of the major kernels and ROMs.
AND..... My selection/combo for now is:
kernel - Franco Milestone 2
ROM - Carbon 1.7
I tried Paranoid Android, but I didn't really like their interface adjustments.
And, just CyanogenMod is boring, IMO. Xylon, too.
Carbon has great customisation, and the specific adjustments that I like.
Thanks for the help!
Others - feel free to continue post your suggestions and recommendations for kernel+ROM combos.

arvindch said:
HI!
So I have experimented and tested most of the major kernels and ROMs.
AND..... My selection/combo for now is:
kernel - Franco Milestone 2
ROM - Carbon 1.7
I tried Paranoid Android, but I didn't really like their interface adjustments.
And, just CyanogenMod is boring, IMO. Xylon, too.
Carbon has great customisation, and the specific adjustments that I like.
Thanks for the help!
Others - feel free to continue post your suggestions and recommendations for kernel+ROM combos.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Why not Franco R140? It's stable and a lot has changed since M2

sigma392 said:
Why not Franco R140? It's stable and a lot has changed since M2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Oh, I wasn't really sure whether it was stable, so I went with the milestone release.
Also, What are prime drivers?
Thanks!

arvindch said:
Oh, I wasn't really sure whether it was stable, so I went with the milestone release.
Also, What are prime drivers?
Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Drivers with code from Code Aurora. They *may* fix stuff like slow WiFi speeds and delayed notifications. I personally use them but if you don't experience any problem with WiFi then I suggest flashing the normal ones. :fingers-crossed:

Try Matr1x kernel, gave me the best results when I tried through different ones.

sigma392 said:
Drivers with code from Code Aurora. They *may* fix stuff like slow WiFi speeds and delayed notifications. I personally use them but if you don't experience any problem with WiFi then I suggest flashing the normal ones. :fingers-crossed:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think I'll use the normal ones.
My internet speed is 4 Mbps and I don't use my WiFi to transfer files at all.
At the moment I'm getting the speeds I can technically get. So those won't help me, I guess.
Also, I've been running R140 without any problems for the last day.
Thanks!

I Am Marino said:
Try Matr1x kernel, gave me the best results when I tried through different ones.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Really? Maybe I will.
How is battery life and performance compared to franco kernel?

arvindch said:
Really? Maybe I will.
How is battery life and performance compared to franco kernel?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
They're pretty much the same really. But Matr1x does wonders in benchmarks. I would love to use it however I need those Prima Drivers badly :S

Rom, kernel, UC and UV.

Hi, I'd like to first start off by saying that it all boils down to personal preference in the end but I'm currently having a hard time deciding what to pick and what to do. There's so many choices and alternatives, so what I'd like to hear is what you yourself feel about the matter of about; Roms, kernels, underclocking and undervolting.
I should probably mention that I have a Google nexus 7 2013 (deb).
It's rooted, unlocked and flashed so many times but I keep coming back to stock due to the inability to make an educated decision in what I should have.
I'm currently running the stock Rom, rooted of course and currently with the elementalx kernel.
I've been trying several roms but none of them feel quite right.
I was going to try paranoid Android but as it stands now it appears it's without a lot of its intended customization that spoke to me in the first place. Leaving it to feel almost stock but with a few extra features, which led me to come right back to stock with gravity box.
What do you believe is a good Rom and kernel for the maximum battery life?
Note that I don't really game on the device, I mostly browse the Internet and listen to music and muck about in the settings, I like to tinker.
Does underclocking and undervolting make a difference in the end?
Please share your experience with all of the above, or any if you have tried it. Please try and not make any assumptions and keep it as civil as possible.

It really depends what you're looking for in a ROM/kernel. For you it seems you really care about battery life so you're definitely going to want both a custom ROM and kernel. I recommend purity ROM or clean ROM and either Franco or elementalx kernel for battery. As far as UC and UV underclocking can save heaps of battery but at the significant cost of performance while undervolting can save a bit at no cost to performance but may cause stability issues.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using XDA Free mobile app

THEBANDIT420 said:
It really depends what you're looking for in a ROM/kernel. For you it seems you really care about battery life so you're definitely going to want both a custom ROM and kernel. I recommend purity ROM or clean ROM and either Franco or elementalx kernel for battery. As far as UC and UV underclocking can save heaps of battery but at the significant cost of performance while undervolting can save a bit at no cost to performance but may cause stability issues.
Sent from my Nexus 7 using XDA Free mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, battery is probably the most important aspect for me and second to that I love customization and tinkering with stuff.
I've been running Francos kernel as well, I actually just reverted back to r16 from elemental.
As far as those two roms go, which one would you pick and why?
It appears I'm a sucker for AOSP, not sure why, but it seems widely more customizable, especially since I'm already very used to have the KK gravity box with the xposed framework.
Update; I've been mucking about with the voltages and I think I've found a pretty good balance so far, I have undervolted by -75mv across the board with Franco. I tried going to -100mv but I found out that Spotify can't start under those conditions, it crashes on boot.
I have also underclocked down to 1242mhz while keeping the lowest 384mhz.
It feels stable, the battery has been alright today, but I'd like to squeeze more out of it.
So how much more effect would having another ROM really have? I've read on this site that it's little to no effect at all. But then again, I've seen skeptical people writing that underclocking and undervolting doesn't really do that much.
I have to tell you, it's quite a noticeable difference, but people will tell me it's placebo.
Someone with a bit more ROM experience than me, feel free to step in and give me an educated review of what you feel works.
Update2; I have a follow up question, do the CPUs have to work harder when it's undervolted? I have seen a rise in the workload for them, very sporadic.
It's sort of like peaks and valleys in the diagrams.
Which brings me to the next question, if that's the case or not, will there be a decreased lifespan in them?