[Q] Can't connect TF101 to macbook pro - Eee Pad Transformer General

Hi!
I recently bought a macbook pro (Lion OS). I already had a mac and didn't manage to connect the TF, but I didn't really care because I didn't need this feature at that time. Now I really need to connect both.
I'm using ES file explorer, and I did a search on the net and found this procedure : http://www.macworld.com/article/1158987/android_wep_base_station.html
Still, I can't manage to connect it. I must say, I'm not really good at creating networks or such, but my two PC actually works fine with the macs, and the TF can't find other devices on the wifi network, and when I give in the IP address, I get an error, like it was blocked by the firewall or wifi turned off or wrong username or whatever (basically, it doesn't work, and there is a message box with reasons why it might not work).
I tried the whole user name or the short user name, but neither works. I tried the IP address, I tried the network address (basically, the name the mac gives me, like computername.local, but it shows "server not found).
For all kinds of reasons I'm hesitating to change for an iPad (my TF is too slow for the huuuuuuge pdfs with lots and lots of graphics that I need to read and browse, and it shows the turning wheel between almost each page when I flip through it, and I figured having a mac, it might be better to stick to apple for other devices), but I really like my TF, and if I finally manage to do what I want with it, it's a reason less to change...
Thanks!

Buy a pc
Sent from my Transformer TF101 using XDA Premium HD app

LOL. I have two already ^^ (desktop and notebook)

Related

help disabled user reach full potential

I wonder if anybody could help me? What it is, is that I am disabled. My fingers are paralysed, and so working the intricate parts of the XDA is quite difficult. It is not impossible, but it is hard.
I also have several friends who are in the same situation as me. 12 months ago they were given xda 2 each for free. None of them have used them much because they are difficult to use, because they are stuck in their ways, and because I don't think they really realise the full potential of these little devices. It has took me 12 months to get hold of one of these, but just within a few days I'm quite bowled over with the potential.
So I wonder if somebody would be prepared to lead me through making the most of my XDA, with my disabilities, so I can also share this knowledge with the other disabled guys who also have this Pocket PC?
The first thing I want to do is set up the basic software, to maximise connectivity with my home network. I have already started this, and had some help in this direction on this forum, but I am still a bit stuck.
I have loaded this Pocket PC software onto my xda 2 http://forum.xda-developers.com/viewtopic.php?t=17410&highlight=jojo . I have windows XP on my desktop computer. This is hardwired to a 3Com wireless router. I have bought a SDIO wireless LAN card. When you install the software, it virtually sets its self up, the connection displays itself, you select it and have a choice between a Internet connection or a work connection. If I choose work, I am able to connect to the Internet and surf the Internet, but I am not able to do an active sync. I have gone into my start menu/settings/connections/network card/network adapters/socket WLAN SDIO V1 driver /name server and set the WINS to the IP address of the computer I want to connect to as somebody suggested to me, but it doesn't work. I also cannot see the other shared directories on my computer's on the network. (I do have Norton security on, but I have tried these with Norton security disabled.)
Can anyone make a suggestion?
Thanks in anticipation, funny keyboard.

[Q] Any way to tether TF with Android Phone after Carriers' Crackdown on Tethering?

Is there Any way to tether TF with Android Phone after Carriers' Crackdown on Tethering?
I have all the apps i could possibly need installed on my phone, yet even after paired with my transformer via BT, and the transformer showing it being connected to the internet. I get 0 data going from my phone to transformer.
I've tried PDAnet 3.0, Barnacle and WIFI Tether. No dice.
And you can rule out not knowing how to do it, I've been tethering for the past year only started being an issue after the crackdown.
3G Hotspot Hack
Sent from my Transformer TF101 using Tapatalk
Not sure what you mean by 3g Hack... but i found something that works. Freezing data manager service with Titanium made everything work again. How exciting! Though, i think data transfer is super slow...
Have I missed something? Crackdown on tethering?
Edit : looks like its US only at the mo.
Can a carrier tell if data is from the phone or via tethering????
doronster195 said:
Is there Any way to tether TF with Android Phone after Carriers' Crackdown on Tethering?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
One word: Sprint
Sent from my Asus Decepticon using Tapatalk
I tether just fine on my mytouch 4g running cyanogen mod 7. I dont think carriers notice if you tether another android device because on their end it just looks like an android device accessing it, not a laptop or such. I think they check user agent strings. I've honestly never had a problem tethering on TMO and never got any text or anything about it being blocked. I do keep an eye on my data usage just to make sure I dont raise any red flags in their system. I havent tried tethering my laptop since the crackdown but I did install a plug in for firefox that allows you to change the user agent string so the servers think it's an android device accessing the network
Hey Guys, been following this thread since I ordered from Best Buy, finally decided to join and post. I have mine coming on the 12th hopefully.
I read about the crackdown on tethering but from what I understand they are just making the tethering apps not show up in the market, they are not necessarily doing anything to prevent tethering.
I am currently using wireless tethering on my droid 2 with the Ipad 1 and have been for quite some time without a problem. Hope that helps and love this forum, thanks guys...
Tethering with my iPhone via bluetooth. So far, no warrant of arrest yet from AT&T.
doronster195 said:
Is there Any way to tether TF with Android Phone after Carriers' Crackdown on Tethering?
I have all the apps i could possibly need installed on my phone, yet even after paired with my transformer via BT, and the transformer showing it being connected to the internet. I get 0 data going from my phone to transformer.
I've tried PDAnet 3.0, Barnacle and WIFI Tether. No dice.
And you can rule out not knowing how to do it, I've been tethering for the past year only started being an issue after the crackdown.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
One thing to note is that Honeycomb doesn't recognize Ad-Hoc networks. You may be having problems if you're trying to set up your phone as a wi-fi hotspot. Trying using the bluetooth tethering options.
Hi, i've just found out how to connect my phone (xperia x10) to my just arrived transformer.
I've been looking all through the forum to find out how to share my phone's connection but i didn't find any solution so, i hope, my reply will help at least you not to waste time any further
Simply install "PdaNet Tablet" both on your tablet and your phone (yes, PdaNet TABLET also on your phone).
This is how it worked for me:
1) Start "pdanet tablet" on your transformer and set the proxy hostname and port as stated in the program (127.0.0.1 and 1234)
2) Start "pdanet for tablet" on your phone and click "enable pda server"
3) Wait a few seconds
4) Allow your phone to open bluetooth and be visible
5) On your tablet, on the "pdanet tablet" screen click "tap to discover new phones"
6) On your tablet click on your phone's name
7) DONE!
I hope this helped
Crazy idea, wait for it....pay.
mesebar2 said:
Hi, i've just found out how to connect my phone (xperia x10) to my just arrived transformer.
I've been looking all through the forum to find out how to share my phone's connection but i didn't find any solution so, i hope, my reply will help at least you not to waste time any further
Simply install "PdaNet Tablet" both on your tablet and your phone (yes, PdaNet TABLET also on your phone).
This is how it worked for me:
1) Start "pdanet tablet" on your transformer and set the proxy hostname and port as stated in the program (127.0.0.1 and 1234)
2) Start "pdanet for tablet" on your phone and click "enable pda server"
3) Wait a few seconds
4) Allow your phone to open bluetooth and be visible
5) On your tablet, on the "pdanet tablet" screen click "tap to discover new phones"
6) On your tablet click on your phone's name
7) DONE!
I hope this helped
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Then the connection will drop after browsing 2-3 web pages.
At least that's my experience with the PDANet Tablet.
Email client and GMail client do not seem to work either.
I hope they will fix it and make it stable, its a good solution for people with stock ROM (both phone and tablet).

[Q] Help please. Splashtop is just not connecting

Hi,
I just got my transformer, and am loving it. However, desperately missing the Splashtop streaming experience that so many people are raving about. Please help.
Whenever I try connecting, it says "Connect failed"
I have already enabled Splashtop Windows client in my Windows Firewall.
Also, I created a Splashtop rule (as mentioned on their site) to allow ports 6783-6785.
Have tried to seek help on their site, and in desperation turning to experts on XDA. Please help resolve this. In addition to the above, I am running a McAfee Antivirus that is enabled by the company admin, so I cant shut that...but I suppose that should be ok. Please please help...
Before 3.1, I had no issues. After, i'm having some issues sometimes too. I have to click it 2-4 times before it connects.
Don't know what happened. Nothing changed on my pc end. Wondering if it's a TF thing.
Does it work while on the local network? If so then its a port forwarding issue in your router or youre using the wrong address. If it doesnt work locally it is an issue w your splashtop server setup or windows firewall.
Sent from my DROIDX using XDA App
If via lan (inside your nerwork) u don't need to port forwarding. All u need to use is the ip address of that machine. Are u having issues inside or outside your network? I noticed on mines, when I get connect failed I need to stop splashtop client and then start it again. Here a weird issue Im having, if there was a session of rd (windows) on my server then after that I will always get failed error with splashtop. I need to either reboot that machine or use logmein to restart the software on the computer. For me, there an issues with splashtop and windows 7 rd.
It doesn't work for me within my home network. Is there a way to try and narrow down the problem, or test it differently?
amitks said:
It doesn't work for me within my home network. Is there a way to try and narrow down the problem, or test it differently?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try downloading the free version in the market: https://market.android.com/search?q=splashtop&so=1&c=apps
If it works, you may have a problem with the Asus-installed version. If it doesn't work, it could be the "server" portion
Sent from my Transformer TF101 using XDA Premium App
jhanford said:
Try downloading the free version in the market: https://market.android.com/search?q=splashtop&so=1&c=apps
If it works, you may have a problem with the Asus-installed version. If it doesn't work, it could be the "server" portion
Sent from my Transformer TF101 using XDA Premium App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just checked out the free verison and the highest resolution is 1024× 768 which look like crap on the Tf. Unless the paid verison has a native resolution for the TF, I going to stick with the splashtop that come with the Tf
There's a bug with splashtop I think. I can't connect to my mac mini unless the monitor is on or plugged in. Maybe you should try that.
amitks said:
Hi,
I just got my transformer, and am loving it. However, desperately missing the Splashtop streaming experience that so many people are raving about. Please help.
Whenever I try connecting, it says "Connect failed"
I have already enabled Splashtop Windows client in my Windows Firewall.
Also, I created a Splashtop rule (as mentioned on their site) to allow ports 6783-6785.
Have tried to seek help on their site, and in desperation turning to experts on XDA. Please help resolve this. In addition to the above, I am running a McAfee Antivirus that is enabled by the company admin, so I cant shut that...but I suppose that should be ok. Please please help...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm pretty sure the answer is right here:
"In addition to the above, I am running a McAfee Antivirus that is enabled by the company admin"
You might want to chat with the company admin. If it's a work computer, 99.9999% of all admins will lock down ports to their IT Assets and there's not a darn thing you can do except get them to open it (small company) or get fired for trying to hack their network (large company).
If it's a work laptop maybe it might be on your side and something you can change but the vast majority of time the IT folks are going to close down company resources to avoid folks being able to do exactly what you are trying to do.
The splashtop desktop portion said there was an update so I installed it but now it only keeps me connected for a few seconds then it drops out. It also doesn't let me interact with what I'm seeing on screen. Anyone else run across this?
I have tried about everything I can think of to get Splashtop to work form outside ny home network:
Disabled firewall in Trend AV
Allowed Ports 6783-6785 in Trend
Turned off windows FW and allowed ports (three entries)
Turned off FW for UV modem
Allowed Ports in router (Lynksys)
And even tried disabling FW in router.
Thus at some point, all FW's were off, verified ip address (starts with 99, so correct one), used ipconfig to find IP of my computer too...
Whew... Any thoughts? Logmein works like S***, so I don't think I'll go there until they update it (or is the app better?)
Thanks!

Can I make tablet an AP?

I want to make my tablet a Wi-Fi hotspot so I can share files by connecting my phone to the tablet Wi-Fi ap, and start a ftp server.
Can it be done? I tried foxfi but it crashed when I tried to enable AP.
I can use my phones tether option, but when I do my ftp app says "please connect to a network"
Thanks
Swiped from my Nexus 10 using xda-developers app
To clarify, I want to share ftp from my phone, connected to host AP on my nexus 10, and access on my nexus 10. I have been able to connect my laptop and tablet to my phone AP, and successfully shared files (apache2 http server) from my laptop to tablet, but this requires my laptop to be constantly on, also my phone.
Bump.....
Swiped from my Nexus 10 using xda-developers app
thank you ))
ismayilovali said:
thank you ))
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
For what? Lol
Swiped from my Nexus 10 using xda-developers app
Bump...
Sigh, I really wish I could get it working.
I downloaded an iwconfig binary but it says:
Code:
# iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions.
sit0 no wireless extensions.
wlan0 no wireless extensions.
ip6tnl0 no wireless extensions.
p2p0 no wireless extensions.
Im confused what you are trying to accomplish. If you host the FTP on your phone, and want to connect the Nexus 10 to the FTP to share files, then all you do is on your phone turn on wifi tether, and connect to the wireless network the phone creates from your N10. I dont think it is possible to make a tablet an access point that doesnt have a cell service internet connection. In order for the Nexus 10 to be an "access point" it would actually be just a repeater from your routers (or phones, or whatever) internet connection. But you already have that on your phone and by making your phone the hotspot you just connect your tablet to the phone like it was connecting to any normal wireless network.
EniGmA1987 said:
Im confused what you are trying to accomplish. If you host the FTP on your phone, and want to connect the Nexus 10 to the FTP to share files, then all you do is on your phone turn on wifi tether, and connect to the wireless network the phone creates from your N10. I dont think it is possible to make a tablet an access point that doesnt have a cell service internet connection. In order for the Nexus 10 to be an "access point" it would actually be just a repeater from your routers (or phones, or whatever) internet connection. But you already have that on your phone and by making your phone the hotspot you just connect your tablet to the phone like it was connecting to any normal wireless network.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, I just want my Nexus 10 to be able to HOST [read: have IP 192.168.43.1], to be able to connect my phone to it [192.168.43.105], so that my FTP app will see I really am connected to wifi.
In tether mode, phone has 192.168.43.1, however the app doesn't recognize it as being connected since it's in tether, and not regularly connected to wifi, and will not start because it says Please connect to a network.
This is why I would like my Nexus 10 to host an infrastructure network.
Well sorry but I dont know how to help you with that sort of setup. or if it will even work. I highly doubt it will work since normally you MUST be on data to start a tether. This is because it configured your wifi radio for a different mode that allows others to connect. I dont think it is possible to have the same radio be configured in two separate ways at the same time.
WHy not just do what the majority of people do and get a dropbox for free and host the files there. Your tablet and phone will both be able to access it.
EniGmA1987 said:
Well sorry but I dont know how to help you with that sort of setup. or if it will even work. I highly doubt it will work since normally you MUST be on data to start a tether. This is because it configured your wifi radio for a different mode that allows others to connect. I dont think it is possible to have the same radio be configured in two separate ways at the same time.
WHy not just do what the majority of people do and get a dropbox for free and host the files there. Your tablet and phone will both be able to access it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Look, you have no clue what you're talking about.
I know what I intend to do will work IF I could get my tablet to make a network in infrastructure mode. I do not want to hear about "better ways" to do it, you have no clue what my situation is.
You are really wrong on a lot of points [you do not need an actual data connection/plan to start a tether network, on pretty much any phone that supports it], you really don't know, I understand, but please stop saying "it can't be done," or just stop replying. Also I cannot just use dropbox because it would take a zillion years to upload 4GB movies. And when I'm traveling [like now] I do not always have wifi.
lol. Wow dude what a **** post. Here I am trying to help you and you be a complete ass about it my suggestion? I thought of soemthing that might work and was going to post it but since you feel like telling me to go **** myself then same to you buddy.
I think I am picking up what you are laying down.
You want to start a wireless network between your N10 and your phone without using a wireless router or access point device.
If you were trying this back in the old days you would simply use a ethernet cross over cable between two ethernet cards and set them to have the same subnet.
Can't say that I know how to do this though with wireless networking.
Sent from my Nexus 10 using Tapatalk HD
This is the type of thing Wifi Direct is supposed to be for. The Nexus 10 supports that, it's under the menu in wireless settings. Not sure if your phone does, of course.
Also, depending on AP settings, two devices (clients) on the same wireless network can communicate with each other. It's relayed through the AP, so it will be somewhat slower.
mvmacd said:
Look, you have no clue what you're talking about.
I know what I intend to do will work IF I could get my tablet to make a network in infrastructure mode. I do not want to hear about "better ways" to do it, you have no clue what my situation is.
You are really wrong on a lot of points [you do not need an actual data connection/plan to start a tether network, on pretty much any phone that supports it], you really don't know, I understand, but please stop saying "it can't be done," or just stop replying. Also I cannot just use dropbox because it would take a zillion years to upload 4GB movies. And when I'm traveling [like now] I do not always have wifi.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You are being a **** man.. and I uploaded borderlands 2 in less than 3 hours to my drop box.. you don't need data tho, but you may need a cellular radio. Why not use a PC or a USB otg cable and connect the 2? Do it all the time with my N7 and HTC vivid
Sent from my Vivid 4G using Tapatalk 2
Still not clear as to what the problem is. Since both on 192.168 non-routable networks presumably they are sitting next to one another. Then who cares which device is the AP? One should be able to run ftp server and the other ftp client. Since he doesn't need data then it seems ftp is just to access one device from the over - no true tether for external data.
Still Charged Up
Here's what I did and it works to share files between phone and tablet without PC using ftp. Both devices running ES File Explorer. Droid Charge phone hotspot started - has IP address 192.168.43.1. Turn on ftp server within es file explorer on phone. Connect to phone from tablet over WiFi. Phone assigns tablet IP address - in this case 192.168.43.131. On the tablet open es file explorer and define the ftp server that is running on the phone. Once done perform the ftp connection from the tablet to the phone. You can then ftp between the two for as much as you want.
I am paying for phone tethering app on phone. The apps I see in the market seem to identify issues with JB or seem just too old to depend on. Regardless, if you just want to ftp between the two you do not need tethering. You need an app that will act as a hotspot managing devices, security and IP addresses. Another option is a cheap portable access point. Again, you keep focusing on ftp - not the internet. The ap creates a WiFi network that your phone and tablet can connect to - no different than a crossover cable between two wired Ethernet devices. As long as the both are on the same network you are good to go.
BTW - you may think you've perfectly explained what you are looking for answers to. You have not so you should not be too surprised at some of the answers.
Sent from my Nexus 10 using xda app-developers app
Reilly1812 said:
Here's what I did and it works to share files between phone and tablet without PC using ftp. Both devices running ES File Explorer. Droid Charge phone hotspot started - has IP address 192.168.43.1. Turn on ftp server within es file explorer on phone. Connect to phone from tablet over WiFi. Phone assigns tablet IP address - in this case 192.168.43.131. On the tablet open es file explorer and define the ftp server that is running on the phone. Once done perform the ftp connection from the tablet to the phone. You can then ftp between the two for as much as you want.
I am paying for phone tethering app on phone. The apps I see in the market seem to identify issues with JB or seem just too old to depend on. Regardless, if you just want to ftp between the two you do not need tethering. You need an app that will act as a hotspot managing devices, security and IP addresses. Another option is a cheap portable access point. Again, you keep focusing on ftp - not the internet. The ap creates a WiFi network that your phone and tablet can connect to - no different than a crossover cable between two wired Ethernet devices. As long as the both are on the same network you are good to go.
BTW - you may think you've perfectly explained what you are looking for answers to. You have not so you should not be too surprised at some of the answers.
Sent from my Nexus 10 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
actually I explained it pretty well: can nexus 10 be an AP? How?
Look up AP on Google.
Reilly1812 said:
Still not clear as to what the problem is. Since both on 192.168 non-routable networks presumably they are sitting next to one another. Then who cares which device is the AP? One should be able to run ftp server and the other ftp client. Since he doesn't need data then it seems ftp is just to access one device from the over - no true tether for external data.
Still Charged Up
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think I explained my FTP doesn't honor tether mode, it technically can access wlan0 to get ip to bind, just the dev didn't allow it.
XxSHaDoWxSLaYeRxX said:
You are being a **** man.. and I uploaded borderlands 2 in less than 3 hours to my drop box.. you don't need data tho, but you may need a cellular radio. Why not use a PC or a USB otg cable and connect the 2? Do it all the time with my N7 and HTC vivid
Sent from my Vivid 4G using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You're missing the point. I want to INSTANTLY stream from phone to tablet.
also I only have 0.6Mbps up.
derobert said:
This is the type of thing Wifi Direct is supposed to be for. The Nexus 10 supports that, it's under the menu in wireless settings. Not sure if your phone does, of course.
Also, depending on AP settings, two devices (clients) on the same wireless network can communicate with each other. It's relayed through the AP, so it will be somewhat slower.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yeah, Rezound don't got Wi-Fi direct.
EniGmA1987 said:
lol. Wow dude what a **** post. Here I am trying to help you and you be a complete ass about it my suggestion? I thought of soemthing that might work and was going to post it but since you feel like telling me to go **** myself then same to you buddy.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry for coming off like that, you just kept telling me things that were irreverent to the op, I got a little ticked. Sorry
Swiped from my Rezound using xda-developers app
Not sure if it's what your looking for, but how about http://code.google.com/p/android-wifi-tether/ ?
When I tether my tablet to my phone (haven't tried other way around), it see's its WiFi as a normal WiFi, not as a mobile hotspot or anything. There's different device profiles to choose from, and I think a choice for either ad-hoc or infrastructure; and it's free
Instantly stream from phone to tablet? If that is all you need then the tablet does not need to function as AP - the phone can do it. All you need is the two units on the same network.
I'm done with this thread. Good luck.
Still Charged Up
Reilly1812 said:
Instantly stream from phone to tablet? If that is all you need then the tablet does not need to function as AP - the phone can do it. All you need is the two units on the same network.
I'm done with this thread. Good luck.
Still Charged Up
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's the problem, my main router only gets about 150KB/s when I stream it both connected to that. I need a router in my room, and my phone has a tether mode that acts as a router [192.168.43.1, gives DHCP IPs, etc]. The only thing, the program I used ["FTP server"] doesn't recognize I have a 192.168 IP, because it sees the regular wifi is off [and tethering is on, which I solely use as a router, not internet].
I will look into the other file manager mentioned, it sounds like it might be able to do what I'm looking for. thanks
espionage724 said:
Not sure if it's what your looking for, but how about http://code.google.com/p/android-wifi-tether/ ?
When I tether my tablet to my phone (haven't tried other way around), it see's its WiFi as a normal WiFi, not as a mobile hotspot or anything. There's different device profiles to choose from, and I think a choice for either ad-hoc or infrastructure; and it's free
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah I did try this. It fails, the log says it failed to set SSID, and a couple other things that are mandatory in order for it to work. :S thanks
mvmacd said:
That's the problem, my main router only gets about 150KB/s when I stream it both connected to that. I need a router in my room, and my phone has a tether mode that acts as a router [192.168.43.1, gives DHCP IPs, etc]. The only thing, the program I used ["FTP server"] doesn't recognize I have a 192.168 IP, because it sees the regular wifi is off [and tethering is on, which I solely use as a router, not internet].
I will look into the other file manager mentioned, it sounds like it might be able to do what I'm looking for. thanks
Yeah I did try this. It fails, the log says it failed to set SSID, and a couple other things that are mandatory in order for it to work. :S thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If all you want to do is stream movies and music, try searching Play store for a DLNA Media Server. A quick search on Google turned up many. You should be able to forget about what wireless router, IP, etc, - your phone/tablet should show up to the network as a DLNA Media Server.
The other solution with ES File Explorer will indeed work as a file access component. I use it at home to access movies on my home network.

Internet issues with Android devices at school

Hi,
Just got a shiny new Galaxy Note 10.1 last weekend. Yesterday, after receiving my case and keyboard from Amazon, I brought it in to school to start taking advantage of the S-Pen for note taking in classes that keyboards don't quite cut it in. Unfortunately, it revived an issue that I had and ignored on my HTC Rezound from last year... an issue that a WiFi device can't ignore, and unfortunately my phone's battery is not up to using CM10's tether function all day (and it might start running down my monthly data being used 5 days a week, all day).
So, any ideas what might cause this issue? The school primarily has Macs, and my Windows 8 Laptop sometimes has issues, but at least half the time it works fine. It is just Android devices that will not work. They connect, and get great signal strength, but just won't get any actual data. To my knowledge, nobody has ever gotten an Android device to connect. My Rezound is running an unofficial CM10 (4.1 JB) version, and my Note is using whatever the newest official update is (4.1 as well, I believe. Non-rooted). I don't know a whole lot about this type of stuff, but I'm not afraid to tinker around to try and get it working. I've tried a few other suggestions from numerous Google searches, but to no avail so far. The network is unprotected, and run by the school's IT people, so needless to say I have no way to easily change settings for the campus' network. I'd prefer not root the Note just yet, but if I need to, so be it. Any ideas what this might be?
Thanks
Some more Info
Coffeeist said:
[Original Post]
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Some more info:
I cannot ping the tablet from my laptop (I get no packet loss, but all return 'Destination Host Unreachable'.
Same result if I try pinging my laptop or the router from my tablet using Terminal Emulator.
Sometimes, if set to DHCP, the tablet will give an 'Authentication Error Occured' error (or similar, I don't recall the actual wording). Sometimes it indicates a connection, but just won't work. I've never had a problem connecting using the same info as my laptop (with the IP changed, of course), but again, no internet, no ping.
Thanks
May or may not be the problem, but from what I've noticed, school networks tend to have a lot of blocked ports. I know the main Google Sync Framework uses port 5228. Try shooting an email to a network admin in your school's IT dept, asking about that port or just in general if they're aware that Android devices are unable to connect on their network.
Coffeeist said:
Some more info:
I cannot ping the tablet from my laptop (I get no packet loss, but all return 'Destination Host Unreachable'.
Same result if I try pinging my laptop or the router from my tablet using Terminal Emulator.
Sometimes, if set to DHCP, the tablet will give an 'Authentication Error Occured' error (or similar, I don't recall the actual wording). Sometimes it indicates a connection, but just won't work. I've never had a problem connecting using the same info as my laptop (with the IP changed, of course), but again, no internet, no ping.
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What do you mean by "same info as my laptop" what types of credentials are you referring to? Something you have to change on the laptop in order to get in? The more information regarding this you can provide (safely, mind you, mask/alter any sensitive info), the better we can assist you. If you have to do something like set a VLAN, then you're never going to get an Android device to work as we do not have the capability to use VLAN'd wireless like most PCs and Macs can with the proper configuration changes. If there's some browser catch-all page, then that should work, but based on your statement "with the IP changed" leads me to believe that you're messing with the adapter settings directly. I would be especially keen to helping you with more detailed networking issues like this should you provide me with the information requested. I look forward to your reply. (Yes, I like technical challenges like this, it's why I work VoIP support.)
IP address or no IP address
Coffeeist said:
Some more info:
I cannot ping the tablet from my laptop (I get no packet loss, but all return 'Destination Host Unreachable'.
Same result if I try pinging my laptop or the router from my tablet using Terminal Emulator.
Sometimes, if set to DHCP, the tablet will give an 'Authentication Error Occured' error (or similar, I don't recall the actual wording). Sometimes it indicates a connection, but just won't work. I've never had a problem connecting using the same info as my laptop (with the IP changed, of course), but again, no internet, no ping.
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
since you know ping, then did you check the IP address for each device?
Back to basic:
1: ping your device gateway IP
2) if ok, then ping ur device (tablet or laptop)
3) if ok then ping bbc.co.uk (this will check your dns), if failed ping your dns's IP address.
If no IP on android, then check if there is any protection on device. It sound like no IP been allocated for you.
Depends on how good a school's IT dept. I have not seen many school actually put filter to stop non-window device.
I am not sure it has anything to do with VLAN yet. As a simple logon, device does not care VLAN or no VLAN.
The basic for us is 1) get an IP on device. 2) know how to get out (gateway IP) 3) interrept hwere you go (DNS resolution) 4) know how to get to internet (internet router, internet firewall, internet boardband et...)
If you have authentication error, then it is sure you are not going to get an IP address. If this is WiFi then check on security (WEP, WAP...TKIP...)
tinbox134 said:
since you know ping, then did you check the IP address for each device?
Back to basic:
1: ping your device gateway IP
2) if ok, then ping ur device (tablet or laptop)
3) if ok then ping bbc.co.uk (this will check your dns), if failed ping your dns's IP address.
If no IP on android, then check if there is any protection on device. It sound like no IP been allocated for you.
Depends on how good a school's IT dept. I have not seen many school actually put filter to stop non-window device.
I am not sure it has anything to do with VLAN yet. As a simple logon, device does not care VLAN or no VLAN.
The basic for us is 1) get an IP on device. 2) know how to get out (gateway IP) 3) interrept hwere you go (DNS resolution) 4) know how to get to internet (internet router, internet firewall, internet boardband et...)
If you have authentication error, then it is sure you are not going to get an IP address. If this is WiFi then check on security (WEP, WAP...TKIP...)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello Coffeeist,
Please contact your schools IT department and find out what kind of encryption they use on their APs.
If they use TKIP, then that is whats causing the problem with android devices.
Once TKIP is disabled on the AP you are connecting to, you will be able to reach the internet.
I say this because I had the same problem in the past (setting up Cisco APs), and can confirm that this is the cause of the problem.
TKIP shouldn't be used anyway. They should be using AES. TKIP is too weak.
I guess that last part answered another question that you might of had. (Why TKIP doesn't work with Android?) Android=Secure TKIP=WEAK.... Unacceptable for Android
Also, you mention something about not being able to ping your tablet from your laptop. If I understand this correctly, you have both your laptop and tablet connected to the same AP and you are trying to ping between the two. This wont work in most cases. Reason: "Port-Protection", which if enabled doesn't allow clients on the AP to communicate with each other.
Regards,
Ed
Let us know how it goes.
nasvi said:
Hello Coffeeist,
Please contact your schools IT department and find out what kind of encryption they use on their APs.
If they use TKIP, then that is whats causing the problem with android devices.
Once TKIP is disabled on the AP you are connecting to, you will be able to reach the internet.
I say this because I had the same problem in the past (setting up Cisco APs), and can confirm that this is the cause of the problem.
TKIP shouldn't be used anyway. They should be using AES. TKIP is too weak.
I guess that last part answered another question that you might of had. (Why TKIP doesn't work with Android?) Android=Secure TKIP=WEAK.... Unacceptable for Android
Also, you mention something about not being able to ping your tablet from your laptop. If I understand this correctly, you have both your laptop and tablet connected to the same AP and you are trying to ping between the two. This wont work in most cases. Reason: "Port-Protection", which if enabled doesn't allow clients on the AP to communicate with each other.
Regards,
Ed
Let us know how it goes.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
With useful posts above the rest is not much left for me to say but a simple advice
Make sure your friends aren't playing a prank on you coz I tend to do it I use arpspoof and aireplay-ng to cause such mayhem
Sent from my A116 using Tapatalk 2
Airplay and Arpspoof wouldn't be possible if MFP is enabled on the AP. Also the OP is stating that it is with all android devices and not 1.
Sent from my HTC One XL using xda app-developers app
responses
First off, thanks for all of the posts, and I apologize for taking so long to respond.
Also, I did check port 5228 with my laptop, and it seemed to indeed be closed. Haven't been able to contact IT yet, but I will need to soon to solve an issue with another, unrelated issue.
Cynagen said:
What do you mean by "same info as my laptop" what types of credentials are you referring to? Something you have to change on the laptop in order to get in? The more information regarding this you can provide (safely, mind you, mask/alter any sensitive info), the better we can assist you. If you have to do something like set a VLAN, then you're never going to get an Android device to work as we do not have the capability to use VLAN'd wireless like most PCs and Macs can with the proper configuration changes. If there's some browser catch-all page, then that should work, but based on your statement "with the IP changed" leads me to believe that you're messing with the adapter settings directly. I would be especially keen to helping you with more detailed networking issues like this should you provide me with the information requested. I look forward to your reply. (Yes, I like technical challenges like this, it's why I work VoIP support.)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just IP/DHCP/DNS (and I've also tried public DNS such as Google). Nothing fancy set up on the laptop (everything should be on Windows default network settings, same with Android on both devices). There is also no catch-all page, assuming I'm interpreting that correctly (as a login page sort of thing, like I'd get at Starbucks or a Hotel).
Glad to provide the challenge... truth be told, underneath the annoyance of lacking connection, I love issues like this because of the fun tricks and such that solving them can teach.
tinbox134 said:
since you know ping, then did you check the IP address for each device?
Back to basic:
1: ping your device gateway IP
2) if ok, then ping ur device (tablet or laptop)
3) if ok then ping bbc.co.uk (this will check your dns), if failed ping your dns's IP address.
If no IP on android, then check if there is any protection on device. It sound like no IP been allocated for you.
Depends on how good a school's IT dept. I have not seen many school actually put filter to stop non-window device.
I am not sure it has anything to do with VLAN yet. As a simple logon, device does not care VLAN or no VLAN.
The basic for us is 1) get an IP on device. 2) know how to get out (gateway IP) 3) interrept hwere you go (DNS resolution) 4) know how to get to internet (internet router, internet firewall, internet boardband et...)
If you have authentication error, then it is sure you are not going to get an IP address. If this is WiFi then check on security (WEP, WAP...TKIP...)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
1. If I recall, this either had full loss, or Destination Host Unreachable, when pinging the gateway IP from the tablet.
2. Have tried this nonetheless, and I think I made it through once or twice just after turning on the tablet, but after that would only get Dest. Host Unreachable.
3. Had tried with Google, fails across any DNS.
I seem to get an IP, although sometimes I get the authentication error in Android and it won't connect. Whenever I set a static IP, based off of my laptop's IP (not the same, of course), I get connected, just no internet.
nasvi said:
Hello Coffeeist,
Please contact your schools IT department and find out what kind of encryption they use on their APs.
If they use TKIP, then that is whats causing the problem with android devices.
Once TKIP is disabled on the AP you are connecting to, you will be able to reach the internet.
I say this because I had the same problem in the past (setting up Cisco APs), and can confirm that this is the cause of the problem.
TKIP shouldn't be used anyway. They should be using AES. TKIP is too weak.
I guess that last part answered another question that you might of had. (Why TKIP doesn't work with Android?) Android=Secure TKIP=WEAK.... Unacceptable for Android
Also, you mention something about not being able to ping your tablet from your laptop. If I understand this correctly, you have both your laptop and tablet connected to the same AP and you are trying to ping between the two. This wont work in most cases. Reason: "Port-Protection", which if enabled doesn't allow clients on the AP to communicate with each other.
Regards,
Ed
Let us know how it goes.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Unless I am totally clueless about this stuff (er, moreso than I though I already was), it uses neither TKIP or AES, being an open and unsecured network.
sak-venom1997 said:
With useful posts above the rest is not much left for me to say but a simple advice
Make sure your friends aren't playing a prank on you coz I tend to do it I use arpspoof and aireplay-ng to cause such mayhem
Sent from my A116 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Haha, I doubt it. None of my friends, especially the ones who I think would even try and do something like this, are tech-savvy enough for me to have any suspicion of that. Thanks though
Another piece of info (a pretty weird seeming one at that): Sometimes, I'll turn on my tablet in the middle of the day, and out of the blue there is an email notification there, for recent emails. Of course, if I go into browser, I can't get any pages. Can't think of any other networks that the device could/would connect to on campus, either.
Thanks!
Coffeeist said:
First off, thanks for all of the posts, and I apologize for taking so long to respond.
Also, I did check port 5228 with my laptop, and it seemed to indeed be closed. Haven't been able to contact IT yet, but I will need to soon to solve an issue with another, unrelated issue.
Just IP/DHCP/DNS (and I've also tried public DNS such as Google). Nothing fancy set up on the laptop (everything should be on Windows default network settings, same with Android on both devices). There is also no catch-all page, assuming I'm interpreting that correctly (as a login page sort of thing, like I'd get at Starbucks or a Hotel).
Glad to provide the challenge... truth be told, underneath the annoyance of lacking connection, I love issues like this because of the fun tricks and such that solving them can teach.
1. If I recall, this either had full loss, or Destination Host Unreachable, when pinging the gateway IP from the tablet.
2. Have tried this nonetheless, and I think I made it through once or twice just after turning on the tablet, but after that would only get Dest. Host Unreachable.
3. Had tried with Google, fails across any DNS.
I seem to get an IP, although sometimes I get the authentication error in Android and it won't connect. Whenever I set a static IP, based off of my laptop's IP (not the same, of course), I get connected, just no internet.
Unless I am totally clueless about this stuff (er, moreso than I though I already was), it uses neither TKIP or AES, being an open and unsecured network.
Haha, I doubt it. None of my friends, especially the ones who I think would even try and do something like this, are tech-savvy enough for me to have any suspicion of that. Thanks though
Another piece of info (a pretty weird seeming one at that): Sometimes, I'll turn on my tablet in the middle of the day, and out of the blue there is an email notification there, for recent emails. Of course, if I go into browser, I can't get any pages. Can't think of any other networks that the device could/would connect to on campus, either.
Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Based on your responses, I have a follow up question and comment. The question is as follows: Did you have to register your computer with your IT when you started school in order to be permitted on the wireless network? If this was the case they're likely filtering based on MAC address (which you won't be able to spoof on your Android, but you may be able to spoof on your laptop), get them to re-register your laptop after you spoof the MAC address so you can get both devices on using the same MAC address (though not at the same time of course unless you're fine with stuff randomly not working). The comment is as follows: Yeah, finding the workarounds to get back limitations like this is definitely a fun challenge because when you win, you've definitely learned something new. Oh, and you were right about my question of the gateway authentication page like a hotel wifi login page.
MAC
Cynagen said:
Based on your responses, I have a follow up question and comment. The question is as follows: Did you have to register your computer with your IT when you started school in order to be permitted on the wireless network? If this was the case they're likely filtering based on MAC address (which you won't be able to spoof on your Android, but you may be able to spoof on your laptop), get them to re-register it after you spoof the MAC address so you can get both devices on using the same MAC address (though not at the same time of course). The comment is as follows: Yeah, finding the workarounds to get back limitations like this is definitely a fun challenge because when you win, you've definitely learned something new.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nope, it was up and running just through connecting normally, and has been since (mostly) - no registration or anything like that. Now, the reason that I put 'mostly' in parentheses is that sometimes the computer will be connected, but also have no internet (I don't think this started until I, dare I admit, upgraded to Windows 8). However, this only happens sometimes, whereas the Android devices never get internet access.
However, on the topic of MAC addresses, one post (in fact, I think it was on XDA) I saw awhile back while Google searching this problem was that someone had a similar issue, found to be with their device's MAC address having the letters 'FA' instead of 'FB' or something like that. Being that my Note isn't rooted, I haven't tested it with that, but perhaps I should give that a try with my CM10 Rezound?
(This is the post: HERE)
Thanks!
Coffeeist said:
Nope, it was up and running just through connecting normally, and has been since (mostly) - no registration or anything like that. Now, the reason that I put 'mostly' in parentheses is that sometimes the computer will be connected, but also have no internet (I don't think this started until I, dare I admit, upgraded to Windows 8). However, this only happens sometimes, whereas the Android devices never get internet access.
However, on the topic of MAC addresses, one post (in fact, I think it was on XDA) I saw awhile back while Google searching this problem was that someone had a similar issue, found to be with their device's MAC address having the letters 'FA' instead of 'FB' or something like that. Being that my Note isn't rooted, I haven't tested it with that, but perhaps I should give that a try with my CM10 Rezound?
(This is the post: HERE)
Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That shouldn't be it unless they have corporate level routers that don't recognize the MAC address of any devices manufactured after 2009 (when most of these manufacturers got the MAC addresses assigned to them (this is VERY unlikely)). I would honestly work with IT on campus and advise that it appears not a single Android device is allowed on the network. If they're blocking Android for any reason, check the terms of service for using the WiFi and see if there's any provisions for banning an entire brand of device/OS for whatever reason. If there's only provisions for individual banning, then take it back to them and show them that your record has not been abusive in the least and go from there. Make a case, otherwise draw one up with legal council. *shrugs* I don't believe anyone should ever be punished for the type of device they chose to purchase, that's first amendment choice, but it really comes down to their terms of service which you agree to by using the wifi.
Cynagen said:
That shouldn't be it unless they have corporate level routers that don't recognize the MAC address of any devices manufactured after 2009 (when most of these manufacturers got the MAC addresses assigned to them (this is VERY unlikely)). I would honestly work with IT on campus and advise that it appears not a single Android device is allowed on the network. If they're blocking Android for any reason, check the terms of service for using the WiFi and see if there's any provisions for banning an entire brand of device/OS for whatever reason. If there's only provisions for individual banning, then take it back to them and show them that your record has not been abusive in the least and go from there. Make a case, otherwise draw one up with legal council. *shrugs* I don't believe anyone should ever be punished for the type of device they chose to purchase, that's first amendment choice, but it really comes down to their terms of service which you agree to by using the wifi.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'll give it a shot, thanks.
Coffeeist said:
I'll give it a shot, thanks.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry to bump the thread, but seeing as it's my own I figured it would be alright...
I got around to asking the the school IT about the issue, and they said that the deliberately block mobile traffic, which they went on to find out does include Android tablets (I understand phones, but I can't even begin to understand why they target Android tablets... unfortunately, that's not my call). I Google searched a bit, and found that networking devices from a company called Aruba can be set to block traffic from specific types of devices (supposedly Cisco and a few other companies can do similar things too), by checking something with the HTML version, or something like that (I'm by no means a networking expert hehe).
So, I guess I'll make my last effort with this thing, and ask if anyone knows of some legal, non-hacky way of getting by this?
I'm guessing not, but worth asking.
Thanks
Coffeeist said:
Sorry to bump the thread, but seeing as it's my own I figured it would be alright...
I got around to asking the the school IT about the issue, and they said that the deliberately block mobile traffic, which they went on to find out does include Android tablets (I understand phones, but I can't even begin to understand why they target Android tablets... unfortunately, that's not my call). I Google searched a bit, and found that networking devices from a company called Aruba can be set to block traffic from specific types of devices (supposedly Cisco and a few other companies can do similar things too), by checking something with the HTML version, or something like that (I'm by no means a networking expert hehe).
So, I guess I'll make my last effort with this thing, and ask if anyone knows of some legal, non-hacky way of getting by this?
I'm guessing not, but worth asking.
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Before discussing any workarounds, you may need to review the Terms of Service for your wifi on the school premises first, review the consequences for bypassing their security measures, and figure if it's worth the risk to you... At this time, it'll be kind of "hacky" to get around such a block. In order to provide you with a valid workaround though we'll need a little bit of information regarding what's going on when you connect.
First, when you connect to the WiFi with your Android device, do you even receive an IP address? If you don't then we'll stop here, the only way to get around the types of blocks they're employing at this level would require hardware hacking/firmware reprogramming to change the identity of the device itself, which is flat out illegal in just about anywhere I can think of. Here's your checklist, fill out where applicable: (Even if you set static information to accomplish this, that will be a valid Y.)
Get an IP? (If Y, proceed)
Is it a valid IP address on the same network as your PC? (Either way, don't care)
Can you ping the gateway you got from DHCP on Android? (If Y, proceed)
Can you ping the DNS server(s) you got from DHCP on Android? (If Y, proceed)
Can you ping an external server such as Google DNS (8.8.8.8) on Android? (If Y, then we're done here)
It's kind of a bit of a process unfortunately, however, if you pass every single one of these tests with the Android device, there's good news. They're only filtering traffic based on the User-Agent identification of all your applications (and based on the MAC address of your device, denying your DHCP requests), you should be able to bypass this with a VPN tunnel back to your home from your Android (after setting your static IP) in order to encrypt and keep this information from leaking to their systems. However, this will likely set off alarms if they monitor their network heavily. If the school IT asks, then you're "working on projects in-between classes on your computer at home and your family has a home office with VPN already, so you used that to connect back to the house". Either way, they can't say much about it besides cut you off... again. Anywhos, I wouldn't recommend trying to bypass without doing all this research first, and then also evaluating the possible consequences, however the rewards are within themselves. You'll be the only person at school with a working mobile device, (besides those iSuckers). Technically, encrypting your traffic is completely legal (and they can't say anything legally about it), however, setting a static IP address in the same range as your computer at school may be against their TOS which you abide by being on campus. Let us know how everything goes.
Cynagen said:
Get an IP? (If Y, proceed)
Is it a valid IP address on the same network as your PC? (Either way, don't care)
Can you ping the gateway you got from DHCP on Android? (If Y, proceed)
Can you ping the DNS server(s) you got from DHCP on Android? (If Y, proceed)
Can you ping an external server such as Google DNS (8.8.8.8) on Android? (If Y, then we're done here)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
With Static I set an IP and all other info (Gateway, DNS, etc, except for Network Prefix Length... no clue what that is, left it at 24 default), and could not ping gateway
Dynamic/DHCP I will have to check tomorrow, after downloading stuff for the tablet to get that info (I think I need root to use IfConfig with Terminal Emulator, correct?).
Whatever they use to block me out, it seems to have a slight hole built in... every day, multiple times a day, I will look down at my tablet and see notifications (mainly email, occasionally Facebook, etc) that pushed through on the schools network (I know that for sure, being that often times the emails are messages received during the day, in a time period where the tablet has been nowhere near any other networks). Maybe this hole can be breached?
Thanks!
Coffeeist said:
With Static I set an IP and all other info (Gateway, DNS, etc, except for Network Prefix Length... no clue what that is, left it at 24 default), and could not ping gateway
Dynamic/DHCP I will have to check tomorrow, after downloading stuff for the tablet to get that info (I think I need root to use IfConfig with Terminal Emulator, correct?).
Whatever they use to block me out, it seems to have a slight hole built in... every day, multiple times a day, I will look down at my tablet and see notifications (mainly email, occasionally Facebook, etc) that pushed through on the schools network (I know that for sure, being that often times the emails are messages received during the day, in a time period where the tablet has been nowhere near any other networks). Maybe this hole can be breached?
Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It seems like small gaps where the system doesn't block you long enough to receive some traffic, but that is promising. BTW, you can get your "network prefix" (netmask as we call it) from your computer. If you go into the command prompt on windows and run "ipconfig /all" you'll get 4 useful bits of info we need, IP address (so you can mimic it), the gateway, the subnet mask (usually 255.255.something.something) and the DNS servers. The subnet mask determines what you use, and I HIGHLY doubt they use 24 (that's mainly for home networks, 24 = 254 devices permitted on the DHCP, 16 = 65534 devices (this is WAY more likely)).
Cynagen said:
It seems like small gaps where the system doesn't block you long enough to receive some traffic, but that is promising. BTW, you can get your "network prefix" (netmask as we call it) from your computer. If you go into the command prompt on windows and run "ipconfig /all" you'll get 4 useful bits of info we need, IP address (so you can mimic it), the gateway, the subnet mask (usually 255.255.something.something) and the DNS servers. The subnet mask determines what you use, and I HIGHLY doubt they use 24 (that's mainly for home networks, 24 = 254 devices permitted on the DHCP, 16 = 65534 devices (this is WAY more likely)).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, I just had a clean connection for about 5 minutes, and had a normal-looking IP based on my PC. Using Terminal Emulator I pinged the gateway after my connection failed, still with no response. I still appeared to have a proper IP on my tablet, but no actual internet connection.
So, perhaps these small windows are something to pursue? Or perhaps sticking with the VPN plan is best?
Thanks!
Coffeeist said:
Well, I just had a clean connection for about 5 minutes, and had a normal-looking IP based on my PC. Using Terminal Emulator I pinged the gateway after my connection failed, still with no response. I still appeared to have a proper IP on my tablet, but no actual internet connection.
So, perhaps these small windows are something to pursue? Or perhaps sticking with the VPN plan is best?
Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You need to make sure your networking information is entered correctly, you still haven't said anything about the netmask in this situation. However, if you're entering this information in correctly then you should have a solid connection until they realize you've forced a device into the network. The only thing you can do beyond that point is during that window, open a VPN connection without using a single browser request so they don't know what the device is unless they check the MAC address. Either way, this is a window that can be used, you just need to avoid identifying your device in any way prior to initiating the VPN connection. Turn off Sync when you connect.

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