MS ActiveSync Registry Info CE5 - JASJAR, XDA Exec, MDA Pro General

I have tried to mess with these to turn off Auto on feature in Active Sync, as this causes it to be permanently on, but no luck. In any event, there is some pretty useful info and I am sure someone will be able to come up with some good tweaks here?
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/d...user5/html/wce50condeviceregistrysettings.asp
All ActiveSync device-related subkeys and values are stored under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows CE Services registry key on the Windows CE-based device.
The following table shows the values for the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows CE Services registry key.
Note The default registry values vary depending on which Catalog items are included in your OS design. For more information, see Default Registry Settings.
Value : type Description
Version : REG_DWORD Default setting is 20000. Specifies the software version number.
NoSubFolderIn : REG_SZ Default setting is "\My Documents", which is LOC_NOSUBFOLDERIN in datasync.str. Specifies the only synchronizable folder where the user is allowed to create subfolders.
FileSyncPath : REG_SZ Default setting is "\My Documents", which is LOC_FILESYNCPATH in datasync.str.
Specifies the folder to be synchronized during file synchronization.
DefaultNpwNoServer : REG_DWORD This value is not present by default. Creating this value and setting it to 1 will cause the Exchange Server sync selection in the New Partnership Wizard to be unchecked. Users can still select this option, but it will not be selected by default. Setting this value is recommended as most users will want to syncronize with their desktop rather than a server.
Synchronizable Objects Registry Settings
All synchronizable objects are stored under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Windows CE Services\Synchronization\Objects subkey on the target device.
The following table shows the values for the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Windows CE Services\Synchronization\Objects subkey.
Note that registry settings for Contacts, Appointment, and Tasks cannot be disabled.
Value : type Description
File\Store : REG_SZ Default setting is Cefobj.dll. Specifies the name of the File ActiveSync service provider.
Contact\Store : REG_SZ Default setting is Pegobj.dll . Specifies the name of the Contact ActiveSync service provider.
Appointment\Store : REG_SZ Default setting is Pegobj.dll. Specifies the name of the Appointment ActiveSync service provider.
Task\Store : REG_SZ Default setting is Pegobj.dll. Specifies the name of the Task ActiveSync service provider.
Inbox\Store : REG_SZ Default setting is Pegobj.dll. Specifies the name of the String ActiveSync service provider.
Connectivity Registry Settings
The registry settings related to ActiveSync connectivity are stored under the HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ControlPanel\Comm registry key on the target device.
The following table lists the registry values for the HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ControlPanel\Comm registry key.
Value : type Description
AutoCnct : DWORD Default setting is 1 (on). This value turns Autoconnect on and off.
Cnct : REG_SZ Specifies the default connection used when the device is cradled. If this value is not set, the user must select a connection to use when cradling a device.
This string must be prefixed with a backquote (`) for the connection to appear in the ActiveSync user interface.
Note Only RAS entries prefixed with a backquote will appear in the ActiveSync user interface. See Phone-Book Entries for details.
See Also
ActiveSync Registry Settings

Related

Changing the BT name of imate JAM (Magician) ???

I noticed that when my JAM has BT on it is detected as XXX (were XXX is my owner name on my JAM's Owner Info).
While looking around in my registry I found this:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Bluetooth\Settings
under this I see 3 things.
(Default) (value not set)
LocalName XXX
ScanMode 0x0(0)
My question is this can I safely change the value of LocalName to my liking? i.e. XXX to YYY and therefore change my JAM's BT name???
You could just change the Device Id through the settings menu.
But is also safe to change the registry key
It's true that in the settings menu you can change your device ID. But that is just visible in ms active sync.
As BT device the i-mate JAM is recognized by the user information as described in the first post ! I don't know if it can be changed by a registry hack ! Are not into that ! ;o\
Regards,
R.

Wing Database Post

Wing for NOOBS like me.
All information in this thread was copied from other peopled, all I have done is put it in one place.. I will update this from time to time
For updates please check the site I have created for the wing.
DISCLAIMER:
I am in no way responsible the content listed below, most of this should work as the people of the community do help each other. Please be careful. And report any errors to me.
Adding Information, If you wish to add information to this post, please post it below, I will add the info, please provide me a link to the data if you have it, and the original writer of said info, I will give the credit to the writing and the provider of said info.
Part 1: useful thread Post.
Part 2: Random tweaks from HOFO.
Part 3: Rom’s Touch it Wing 2.3
3a Touch-IT for The Wing Full and Lite Ed.
Part 4: Random Info
Part 5: T-Mo Wing RUU for USA
Updated on December 17 2007
Part 1: Useful Threads
Cab install for the Wing
The Following is from zcink @ XDA
Original thread @ http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=341867
Great Wing Info Thread
The following is from Nyer78 @ XDA
Original Thread @ http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=326655
General HTC Cabs
The Following is from patr!k @ XDA
Original thread @ http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=344533
Part 2 tweaks.
The Following is from – Tater_Tot24 @ Howard forums
Original thread @ http://www.howardforums.com/showthread.php?t=1215155
Please Note that some of these entries only apply to the WING.
Add Side Button Functionality:
1. Using a registry editor go to HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Shell\Keys
2. In Keys, create a new Key named "40C7".
3. Copy the contents of 40C5 to to 40C7.
4. Edit the "Name" value replacing the "4" with a "5" (5 is Voice command button).
5. Close the registry editor.
6. In Settings\Buttons you should see the new "Button 5(Hold)" entry. If not, soft reset.
Note: I had to make voice command the hold function and screentoggle the non hold function for it to work correctly.
Camera Settings:
1. Open the camera, so you can see images thru the camera lens.
2. Go to bottom of screen & click on the "Y" at far left side.
3. Now move to the 4th icon at the bottom, and set the resolution on "L" and the quality on Super Fine (not Basic).
4. Move to the next icon on the right, and set the Capture Mode on either "Burst" or "Sports"
5. Next, click the icon at far left and set your Capture Speed to either Moderate or Fast, and "Snapshots" to at least 3.
6. Click on the next icon on the right and set it on Storage Card.
7. Finally, click the "Sun" and set the White Balance on Auto.
8. Click OK in the upper right, and you're almost set. Just go now to far left of camera screen and click either of the tiny > arrows until you come to 1/3 (or 1/5 or 1/7 or 1/10, depending on how you set "Snapshots.")
9. Now you're set to take some really great pictures. They will be sharp & clear all the way from about 12 inches to infinity.
10. For sharper pictures, leave the setting at 1x. Anything else is a "Zoom" shot.
Enhanced File System Performance:
Registry: HKLM\System\StorageManager\FATFS
Key: CacheSize (dWord)
Default: 0 (I am not sure what this equates to, the valid values I know about are 4096, 8192, 16384)
New Value: 8192
Hide SIM Contacts:
Registry: HKCU\ControlPanel\Phone
Key: ShowSim (dWord)
Default: 1 (show)
New Value: 0 (hide)
Active Sync Running in the Background Fix:
1. Create a “Fake Server”
Configure Server Menu  Activesync  Programs 2.Go to Start
3. In the following screens you can enter any old garbage. It does not matter, but just in case your unsure, just type the following in the indicated boxes:
4. Server Address: fake / User name: fake / Password: fake / Domain: fake. Then you are finished creating the fake server
5. Finally, UNCHECK the box in the time zones tab in the phone settings (This may sound silly, but it works! I promise!!)
MyFavs Missed Call Fix:
Registry: \HKLM\Security\Phone\NoLog
Key: List
Action: REMOVE
Hard Reset Instructions:
1. Hold down both of the “soft buttons”
2. Perform a soft reset with the stylus while still holding down the buttons
3. Push the green phone button to confirm that you do want to do a hard reset
DeBrand the Phone:
1. Perform a Hard Reset (instructions listed below)
2. Phone cycles through format, installs WM6, then prompts you to config touch screen
3. Install finishes and loads WM6
4. Then a prompt appears warning that EXT ROM will install extra contents (don't install! poke the soft reset button before EXT ROM install)
5. Hit soft reset button when EXT ROM prompt appears, you have 3 seconds!
6. Power on like normal
Send Large MMS:
Registry: HKLM\Software\Arcsoft\ArcSoft MMS UA\Config\UI\Size Limit
Key: wap2sendlimit1 (you can also change wap1sendlimit1)
Default: 307200
New Value: 1228800 (1200K)
Set the new value by going to Text/Multimedia --> Menu --> New --> MMS --> Menu --> Options --> MMS Options --> Servers --> T-mobile MMS
MMS Sending Issue Fix:
1. Due to incorrect Port setting for the MMS server, the phone may not be able to send MMS messages all the time.
2. Go to Text/Multimedia --> Menue --> New --> MMS --> Menu --> Options --> MMS Options --> Servers --> T-mobile MMS
3. Make sure the settings are set to: Gateway: 216.155.165.50 / Port Number: 8080 / Server: http://216.155.174.84/servlets/mms
Remap Soft Buttons:
For Calendar
Registry: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Today\Keys\112
Key: Default
Default: Calendar
New Value: Internet (anything you want goes here)
Registry: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Today\Keys\112
Key: Open
Default: HTCCalendar.exe
New Value: \Windows\iexplore.exe (again, anything you want goes here)
For Contacts
Registry: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Today\Keys\113
Key: Default
Default: Contacts
New Value: (anything you want goes here)
Registry: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Today\Keys\113
Key: Open
Default: \Windows\RSK\Contacts.lnk
New Value: (again, anything you want goes here)
Remove / Modify Startup Sound:
Registry: HKLM\SOFTWARE\HTC\StartupAnimation
Key: Enable (dWord)
Default: 1 (jingle on)
New Value: 0 (jingle off)
Registry: HKLM\SOFTWARE\HTC\StartupAnimation
Key: Volume (dWord)
Default: 127
New Values: 16 - 200
You can also modify the sound and animation by changing the WAV and GIF files in these two keys.
Registry: HKLM\SOFTWARE\HTC\StartupAnimation
Key: WAVFile (SZ String Value)
Default: \Windows\T-Mobile startup.wav
New Value: (whatever you want)
Registry: HKLM\SOFTWARE\HTC\StartupAnimation
Key: GIFFile (SZ String Value)
Default: \Windows\TMO_Startup.gif
New Value: (whatever you want)
Remove the Tray Icon from Today Screen:
Registry: \HKLM\init\
Key: Launch92
Action: DELETE
Note: If you want to keep some but not all of the icons:
Registry: HKLM\Software\HTC\TrayApplet
There you'll find listings for each icon (the folders are for the WinWap, MyFaves, and CommManager tray icons). Remove the ones you don't want and soft reset. If you remove the music player settings, you will then have to uncheck the plug-in from Today items.
Adding Slide Sounds:
1. First you are going to need two .wav files.
2. Once you have the two sounds that you want to use, Rename them to Slider3_in.wav and Slider3_out.wav and place them in the \Windows Folder on your phone.
3. Go to the Registry: HKLM\Software\HTC\SlidingSound\.
4. Once your there you should see 3 Folders (keys) that are labeled 0-2, and 2 Dword Files (ActiveSlidingSound and SlidingSoundEffect).
5. In that same directory, you need to make a new folder (key) and label it "3". Once that is made, you need to go inside that "3" which should be empty and have nothing inside.
6. Now you need to make a new String.Label the String "in" without quotes, and then set the string to "Slider3_in.wav". Now you should have one string inside folder (key) 3.
7. Now you need to make another String inside of folder (key) 3. Just follow step 5, but instead of using "in" use "out". So it should be labeled "out" and should be set to "Slider3_out.wav".
8. Next, create another String inside of folder and call it “Default” (no quotes). Now set that sting to whatever you want the new schema to be called (i.e. wind chimes, customer, etc).
9. Now head back to the registry: HKLM\Software\HTC\SlidingSound\, where you should now see folders (keys) 0-3 now and two Dwords files.
10. Now change Dword ActiveSlidingSound to 3, which is the new sound you created.
Disable the SMS Sent notification
Regisrty: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Inbox\Settings\
Key: SMSNoSentMs (decimal)
Default: 0 (on)
New Value: 1 (off)
Note: Please note that the 'Settings' key may not exist in your device, and thus may have to be created first.
Storage Card Settings:
Mail Attachments
1. Go to Text/Multimedia --> Menu --> Tools --> Options --> Storage
2. Then check the box!
IE Storage
Registry: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Exp lorer\Shell Folders
Key: Cache (string)
Default: Program Memory
My Value: \Storage Card\Internet Files\Temporary Internet Files
Key: Cookies (string)
Default: Program Memory
My Value: \Storage Card\Internet Files\Cookies
Key: History (string)
Default: Program Memory
My Value: \Storage Card\Internet Files\History
Note: Please see the “camera settings” to store pictures and video to the storage card.
Video from Portrait to Landscape:
Registry: HKLM\System\GDI\
Add key "Rotation"
Add Dword "LandscapeMode"=0
Move / Remove Startup Files:
1. make directory "\Windows\StartUpDisabled"
2. If you don't use MyFav5 Plan then copy "\Windows\StartUp\My5MsgCenter.lnk" to "\Windows\StartUpDisabled\My5MsgCenter.lnk"
3. If you don't use Voice Commands often (you can still manually start app) then copy "\Windows\StartUp\Voice Command.lnk" to "\Windows\StartUpDisabled\Voice Command.lnk"
Remove Services:
4. Go to "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services"
5. If you don't use MyFav5 Plan (SMSCSend links to my5client.dll, I don't have My Fav plan, so I don't need this service)
a) save SMSCSend reg export somewhere for backup
b) delete "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\SMSCSend" from registry
6. Go to "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services"
7. If you don't use Windows Live
a) save Windows Live reg export somewhere for backup
. b) delete "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\Windows Live" from registry
Other Services:
Other Services
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\BTHIDSVC"
loads the Bluetooth Human Interface Device drivers and service
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\BTAGSVC"
loads the Bluetooth Audio Gateway drivers and service
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\BthAsPlugin"
loads Active Sync over BlueTooth service
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\Trusted"
loads WSP Push, Push Router, SIM tool kit, SIM Init
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\OBEX"
object exchange - protocol for data exchange between devices or syncing
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\NOTIFY"
pop up notifications for events
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\credsvc"
Credentials Manager
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\CERTENROLL"
performs enrollment and renewal of certificates
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Services\WirelessService"
Wireless Monitor Service
Increase voiceVolume:
Regisrty: HKCU\Control Panel\SoundCategories\InCall
Key: AttenuationCategory
Default: 2
New Value: 1
Regisrty: HKCU\Control Panel\SoundCategories\InCall
Key: InitVol
Default: 3
New Value: 10
Increase Voice Command Volume:
Registry: HKCU\Control Panel\SoundCategories\VoiceCommand1
Key: AttenuationCategory
Default: 3
New Value: 1
Registry: HKCU\Control Panel\SoundCategories\VoiceCommand1
Key: InitVol
Default: 5
New Value: 20
Better sound over A2DP
Registry: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Bluetooth \A2DP\Settings
Key: MaxSupportedBitPool
Default: 30
New Value: 58
Registry: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Bluetooth \A2DP\Settings
Key: BitPool
Default: 30
New Value: 58
Note: If not good enough, then delete: "MaxSupportedBitPool"=XXX &
"BitPool"=XXX.
Unlocks & Unhide the Extended Rom in Explorer:
Registry: HKLM\System\StorageManager\AutoLoad\TRUEFFS_DOC1
Key: bootphase
Default: 1
New Value: 2
Registry: HKLM\System\StorageManager\Profiles\TRUEFFS_DOC1
Key: mounthidden
Default: 1
New Value: 0
Registry: HKLM\System\StorageManager\Profiles\TRUEFFS_DOC1
Key: folder
Default: ?
New Value: Extended_ROM
GMail Settings:
You can access your Gmail messages from the Wing in three ways:
Set up Gmail as a POP3 account
Automatically forward Gmail
Access Gmail from the Internet
Set up Gmail as a POP3 Account
1. Log in to your Gmail account from your PC.
2. Select Settings at the top of any Gmail page.
3. Select the Forwarding and POP tab in the orange Mail Settings box.
4. Under POP Download, choose to Enable POP for all mail or Enable POP only for mail that arrives from now on.
5. Specify whether you want Gmail to keep a copy of messages in the Inbox when you access messages through POP.
6. Select Save Changes.
I. Auto-configure Gmail from your Pocket PC phone
1. Press Start --> Messaging.
2. Select New Email Account.
3. Enter your e-mail address and make sure the box is checked for getting the settings automatically
4. In the Auto configuration screen, wait until the Status changes from Connecting to Completed and then select Next.
5. Enter your name, user name, and password (DO NOT REMOVE the recent: from in front of the username that it automatically provides) and select Next.
6. Ensure Account type is set to POP3 and select Next.
7. Make sure that Incoming Mail is set to pop.gmail.com:995
8. Make sure that Outgoing Mail is set to smtp.gmail.com:465 and select Finish.
9. Select Yes to confirm that you would like to download mail for this new account now.
II. Automatically Forward Gmail to Another Account
1. Log in to your Gmail account from your PC.
2. Select Settings at the top of any Gmail page
3. Select Forwarding and POP in the orange Mail Settings box.
4. Select Forward a copy of incoming mail and enter the e-mail address to which you'd like your e-mail forwarded.
Now your Gmail will automatically be forwarded to this account.
III. Access Gmail from the Internet
If you don't subscribe to an unlimited data plan or need only occasional access to your Gmail account you may prefer to access your Gmail from your Pocket PC phone using Internet Explorer. To access your account through Internet Explorer, go to http://m.gmail.com.
Part 3 Touch it 2.3 for th wing
The Following is from itje
Original thread http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=340403
Touch it: a rebuilt rom for the wing
Part 3a Touch it Full and Lite
The Following is from itje
Original http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=332789&highlight=wing
Part 4 : Random Stuff
Wing as a Webcam
Found at XDA
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=348187&highlight=WING+AS+A+WEBCAM
Part 5: T-Mo Wing RUU for USA!!
From xavier6303
Found http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=321717
This will reset your phone, basically reinstall windows and all the phone, heard it works as a decent unbricker,
How to enter boot mode
Restart the phone and hold the voice and camera button

Working with the RIL for Cell Tower IDs (Google Maps "My Location", PhoneAlarm, etc)

Working with the RIL for Cell Tower IDs (Google Maps "My Location", PhoneAlarm, etc)
Ladies and Gents,
I'd like to try and understand a bit more about how the RIL handles Cell Tower IDs in Windows Mobile.
I have two WinMo 6.1 phones, 1 HP iPaq RW6828 (O2 Atom rebadge) and 1 HTC S710 (Vox) Smartphone.
The iPaq is using WM6.1 OS 5.2.19400 build 19400 from NHOCBANME
The S710 is using WM6.1 Standard 5.2.19195 build 19202 from Dr Martin Gonzo
The S710 fully supports both the Google Maps "My Location" feature and PhoneAlarm's Location-based profile switching, but the Atom does not support either.
I've partially figured out some of the the details to recognise the Cell IDs - I've managed to get PhoneAlarm to log the Cell Tower IDs and facilitate Location-based switching (yay!).
However it came at the cost of disabling all GSM Data connections. It would attempt a connection but then time-out after a few minutes without connecting.
So here's what I've been looking at:
MSDN: Radio Interface Layer
Particularly:
RIL Registry Settings
Specifically the "Packet" value:
The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Comm\Cellular\RIL registry key configures the connection mode and number of concurrent connections used by Radio Interface Layer. The following table shows the named values.
Value:
Packet : REG_DWORD
Description:
Specifies the connection mode used by GPRS connections. When set to 0, a RAS-based connection is used. When set to a value greater than or equal to 1, NDIS GPRS is used.
By default, this registry key does not exist. To enable RIL NDIS packet APIs, this registry key must be [created manually or] added to Cellcore.reg.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
By default in the iPaq the Packet key does not exist and the Contexts value is set to 2.
By comparison, the S710 has the Packet value set to 1 and Contexts set to 3.
Creating a Packet key and setting the value to 1 allows the PhoneAlarm location log to successfully log the Cell Tower IDs, however (as previously mentioned) the GPRS data connection fails to connect.
Setting the Packet value to 0 re-enables the data connection but disables the Cell Tower logging.
Chaning the iPaq Contexts value to 3 to match the S710 makes no difference either.
Does anyone have any further thoughts that may help get both Cell tower IDs and GPRS working together?
Many thanks
Tim
Bump for some views please?
MODS: I hope you don't mind if I cross-post this to the Dev/Hacking forum. Pls delete it there if you do.
Phrak said:
Bump for some views please?
MODS: I hope you don't mind if I cross-post this to the Dev/Hacking forum. Pls delete it there if you do.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi,
Have you found any solution I having the same problem.

Data connection - Enabled = 0 in registry not respected after usage

Hi *.
I have data connection called "Internet". Selected as default in Settings -> Connections -> Advanced -> Select Network and disabled with Enabled = 0 registry key. When I want to use it, I just change to Enabled = 1. Simple and fast.
But after I'm done with checking emails, disconnect "Internet" and change back to Enabled = 0, Windows still "remembers" that this connection is usable and ignores registry. I have to soft-reset to make it "forget".
Is there any way to avoid this?
You need to do a soft reset after registry changes to fully save the change.
If you don't want the data line to stay on then don't make that registry change. When you select "Send/Receive" in Outlook the data line will come on automatically. You can also turn the data line on by launching Internet Explorer.
That regsitry key is really for people who want the data line to stay on all the time.

cannot disable Operator Name stored on sim

On my HTC HD2 i have wm6.5 prof installed. The problem is following:
everything was ok with my old sim card, but when i changed it to the new the double operator name was displayed on home screen and in phone menu, like MTS UKR MTS UKR (it's in Ukraine).
As i suppose the first op. name is recieved from tower and the other one is from the sim card. The main problem - is how to disable this stored sim name via win registry???
I've searched a lot of forums and references and tried a lot, but unfortunately none of that helped me.
For ex. i know about key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Ril\OperatorNames' and if create here a new string type like "25501"(this is for ukraine) with "Some Text" value you can change op name, but in my case it's will be like "Some Text MTS UKR". Second part of op. name stays unchanged.
Also at microsoft win mobile reference, i found such info like:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Comm\Cellular\CellTSP
DisableCPHSOverride ( By default, the CPHS operator name (the operator name stored in the SIM) overrides all other stored operator names when the user is registered on the Home PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) and EONS is not enabled. In that case, the CPHS name is displayed as the operator name. )
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Comm\Cellular\RIL
EONSEnabled ( When set to 1, specifies that EONS (Enhanced Operator Name String) is available.When set to 0 or not present, EONS is not used. The operator name is then set using the CPHS override, unless the override has been explicitly disabled.)
After playing with this settings nothing changed, DisableCPHSOverride didn't influenced on anything, EONSEnabled key i had no at all, but even if create it and set to 0 or 1 nothing changes too. Changing settings in folder EONS.cache ( \HKLM\Comm\Cellular\RIL\EONS .cache ) is not solving the problem because it's recreated every time phone connects to network, it's just a cache.
Actually i have no idea now how to disable this op. name stored on sim, can anyone help me, is here someone with the level of God?))
p.s. beg your pardon for may be bad english.

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