Bootload - MDA, XDA, 1010 Software Upgrading

:roll:
I feel pretty dumb asking this question, but here goes anyway, cause I know someone will be able to answer me:
Can you bootload from a MMC (Multimedia Card) rather than a SD card?
Also, where can all the files be found that are used to get this boot working. I read the Bootload introduction, but it didn't highlight where to find the files. Are they kept in the .ZIP that can downloaded from Yorch? Cause at the moment I have a white screen XDA, and my sister has my 64Mb MMC (and she is overseas for one more week), and I have been left with her ****ty 8Mb MMC card. Please help me so I'm ready to fix the device one my MMC arrives back.

Yes you can use the mmc card, the files for sd flash can be downloaded direct from yorch, just cook a rom and choose sd flashing at the bottom of the screen, you can then transfer the nbf file using xdatools, enter bootloader and flash the rom from there. You must make sure you arent just copying the file to sd, use the drop down box on the destination part of xdatools and choose your memory card, do not browse for the destination, if this sounds a bit complex all will be revealed when you run the prog.

Related

XDArit new version more problem than the old ones ?

Dear XDA Developer #.....,
I did used the old version od XDArit to read and write the Boot+CE with not much of problem. The only thing to be careful is the Select SD card options because the physical Harddisk is one of the choices.
I noticed you had improvised the new version of XDArit to exclude the Harddisk choice but it seems imposible to used the write to SD option.
It always said cannot open physical drive #....
If i am using a 6 in 1 USB travel flash with Flash Memory on it, is this a problem for the XDArit to reconised which drive is the SD card ?
I did a bootloader backup on the SD card from the XDA, I am able to select the SD drive with no problem, it show HTC$WALLABY00 and be able to save to the harddisk ...nbo. I continue to write back the same file it show the cannot open physical drive #.... problem.
The other thing to confirm, how many block are written to SD Card if i choose to write only the Wallaby Patch Tools Image ? I did many time on the SD Card, sometime it said 2 Blocks and sometime 9 Blocks ??? It was able to write once but the XDArit did not write to the SD Card, instead it wrote to the Flash Memory parts of my travel flash ????
Do you think we are able to have the old version back on your homepage to download, give us a selection of version choice.
I would be much grateful if you be able to attached the old version to me for testing, my email : [email protected]
Many thanks for your reply
The old version is in:
http://xda-developers.com/XDArit/old
Please tell us if the old version does work for you...
Bummer Gus...
Works good for me.... Now I just have to figure out how to use it to repair my radio stack...!!!
Another step for mankind, but a huge leap for Todd (aka OldManTod)...
THANK YOU!!!!!
old version work for me to, now i can write SD cards
We'll rework the current version, but read the XDArit page for the warning on the old version:
DO NOT CLICK 'YES' IF IT WARNS YOU'RE ABOUT TO OVERWRITE YOUR HARDDISK, EVEN IF IT LISTS THE SD-CARD AS DISK.
XDARit NT 4 Problem
Hi All,
I wonder if someone can tell me how to fix the XDArit.exe Entry Point Not Found error when trying to run this program under Win NT4.0 SP6?
I'm new to xda-developers.com, but earlier today I tried to update the CE ROM using the official o2 image and despite my USB connection working for ActiveSync, the update program tells me it can't open a USB port and now the PDA is showing only the progress bar screen. From reading your excellent site I guess I need to create an SD boot card to fix the problem, but then ran into the above problem with xdarit !
Please can someone help?
Thanks
Dave :roll:

can't get the xda to load from sd to upgrade to WM2003

hello,
i'm using the xdatools to put the nk file on the SD card, but when i hard reset my xda, i get into bootloader 5.22 mode, it says "gsm ok", and when i press the action button i get into a test menu.
How can i load the nk file from my sd card? please help.
thanks guys.
Did you place the ROM on the SD card by browsing to your device (...) or using the drop down and choosing your SD reader or XDA SD slot?
I had the same problem until I used the drop down... if you browse to your card, XDA tools will not create a bootable SD.
i used directy dropping down the box to SD
When you use the drop down menu on the destination there should be a drive letter next to your card eg: F: 59.60M USB sd reader or similar, choose that and it should work.
do we soft reset or hard reset
well after loading nk.nbf file
do we soft reset or hard reset to get into bootloader.
also,
the drive letter in destination folder will come if u use card reader,
but if in expansion slot than it does not give the drive letter.
Hello
I did hard reset .
I am having this same problem...
I download to the SD card through the cradle, using the phone's expansion slot. I do a SOFT RESET, to get the bootloader, and all I get is a GSM OK message. If I hit the action button, I then get into the test menu.
Hello
Means you have no nb.1 on your SD card .
as per the instructions I've been following that have been listed in detail here on this site as well as the att siemens support forums, you are supposed to copy the nk.nbf file and use that with the OS Image tool...is this incorrect?
OSImage
I just installed new ROM from new ROM Kitchen .
http://lumpistefan.dyndns.org/
1) Get the file on your desktop ( download or ...I do not care)
2) Open OSInage
3) Source :arrow: Brows to your file
4) Destination :arrow: your SD card (where is it :?: -on your phone
or on the SD card reader)
5) Copy the file to SD card (takes 20 seconds)
6) Remove the XDA from the cradle and soft reset with power button held in.
7) When it says press action to download, push the big button between dial and hangup.
8) Hard reset.
9) Injoy the rest of your day
No way getting SD-Card recognized
Hello,
i have the same problem, the ROM (Made with xda-tools or XDArit) on sd-card is not recognized to download when i boot into bootloader!
I found no way to get this running.
Any ideas?
read this thread: http://forum.xda-developers.com/viewtopic.php?t=3274
most likely, your wallaby bootloader is not 5.15. Anything above 5.15 won't work. I could downgrade from 5.17 and 5.22, but not from 6.22
still awaiting for some help to down grade 6.22. Nobody seems to care. THis forum has become "too" big that it is not as effective as before ...
People tend to just "shout" and ask before digging deep enough...
too many people posting the same questions into different threads again and again
andhy said:
read this thread: http://forum.xda-developers.com/viewtopic.php?t=3274
most likely, your wallaby bootloader is not 5.15. Anything above 5.15 won't work. I could downgrade from 5.17 and 5.22, but not from 6.22
still awaiting for some help to down grade 6.22. Nobody seems to care. THis forum has become "too" big that it is not as effective as before ...
People tend to just "shout" and ask before digging deep enough...
too many people posting the same questions into different threads again and again
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm in the same situation - I have v6.22 on T-Mobile 4.01.00ENG and can't do anything, even with an SD card!
Even the BootLoader downgrade tool with XDATools doesn't work.
Any help with this would be appreciated by many other users in the same situation.
The downgrade batch file in XDA-Tools doesn't work for a lot of people (didn't work for me either). However the wallaby patch should work. Otherwise, use XDARit to downgrade the bootloader using the .nb0 file that comes with the downgrade batch in XDA-Tools.
You write the wallaby patch onto the SD card using XDARit, go into the bootloader and enter diagnostics. Then take the SD card out, write bootloader 5.15 onto the card using the bootloader option in XDARit, and place the SD card back into the device. Then from the patched diagnostics screen select Restore SD and it will recognize a bootloader update. I'd recommend saving your original bootloader from the diagnostics first, but that wouldn't work for me for some reason.
i had a 5.17 boot loader that i downgraded to 5.15 via OS image tools, i also downloaded a rom file from the Kitchen & wrote it on SD but i still can't load from SD & i only get the test phase thing
i also downloaded a rom file from the Kitchen & wrote it on SD but i still can't load from SD & i only get the test phase thing
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try using XDRit instead of XDA-Tools (use the older version of XDRit instead of the newer version). I'm not sure what you mean by "test phase", but maybe your bootloader screwed over during the update? If so you may need to rectify that first, but that's definately beyond me. If you burn the image correctly onto the card it should pick up automatically as soon as you enter the bootloader with 5.15. If you don't burn it correctly then it won't be picked up.
I'm just throwing in my 2c because I've made all this stuff work with a 5.15 downgrade. There's a possibility the thing simply doesn't like your card too, so try a different 64MB SD.
well i do have a 256 mb card & as far as i can tell the downgrade worked fine, now to use the xdarit files to i need to have the SD reader or i can do it the same way i do in XDAtools which is directly into the card through Active Sync

not upgrading properly

hi,
well as i loaded the nk.nbf file and transfered to sd using xdatools ,,,
well initially it does not enter the bootloader than somebody suggested to
fix the bootloader using xdatools, well after that it starts to enter wallaby bootloader 5.17.
well now my sd with nk.nbf file is in the slot,
i enter bootloader,,,
after series of test like pda checksum, recording etc , it shows four colours, then tap test,, then button test,,
till here it happens with no delay,,
but when it enters sd card test,,, and says start test......
i does not move forward,, even i took my sd out and put it in again,, no response..
well i dnt know that will ill be able to upgrade it or not.
sos.
Tests? We don't need no stinkin' tests!
Why are you running the tests? In my experience the option to install the ROM in the bootloader comes up as soon as the XDA boots (no test options are shown when the SD card contains a ROM image). If you hadn't said that you had used XDATools to put the ROM onto the SD card I would have guessed that you had just Windows-copied the ROM image over. When you insert the SD card with the ROM image (before going into the bootloader) does the XDA ask for permission to format the SD card? It should, because the card containing a ROM image doesn't have a proper FAT format.
How are you choosing destination in xdatools, you must use the drop down menu not the browse button, in the drop down it will show something like E:sd card 62 mb free or similar when using card reader/writer.
cruisin-thru said:
How are you choosing destination in xdatools, you must use the drop down menu not the browse button, in the drop down it will show something like E:sd card 62 mb free or similar when using card reader/writer.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have exactly the same problem and I do as you said i select the destenation from the drop down list and still when I enter the bootloader it doesnt prompt me any thing, could you guess what could be the problem?
Yes i tried all things
well,
i used xdatools to transfer nk.nbf file to sd card,(firstly i tried in slot in xda, secondly from card reader)
well same thing ,, it enter bootloader and says gsm ok, and proceeds with the test.
also the current rom ask me to format the card ,yes.
i dont know why its happening,
but i have tried both the nk.nbf files (from siemens and from yorche.net)
i really cannot think where the problem can lie.
got,
bootloader 5.17,
rom-3.17.03
drop down
and also,
while transferring the file from source ----i choose the source dir for nk file
and to destination i always drop down...

Definitive instructions for ROM Backup/Update.

Sorry to ask this question which I know has been covered in so many other topics - but thats the problem - the topics are scattered and the answers are varied.
I have a Wizard derivative - an O2 XDA Mini S.
I have run the unlocking wizard and it is now unlocked.
I now want to
a. Backup the exisitng ROM
b. Backup the External ROM
c. Load an updated ROM.
I have tried the 'Unlock EXT ROM Wizard' - but still can't see the External ROM (in Total Commander for example) to back it up.
Can someone post a precise set of instructions for the step by step process for doing a. to c. above.
I am sure that others will find it useful as there still appears to be many posts from confused 'novices' to PPC (like me) who are trying various procedures on a hit and miss basis with varied success.
I just did the backup bit today.
Download aWizard 1.3b2
Run it, run the RAPI server using the 'e' command, wait till it starts, unlock the CID using 'u', then you can backup using the 'b' command, give it a name to backup to, and wait 15 or so minutes and it'll backup your GSM, OS, and Extended roms.
As for flashing, you can use the aWizard tool if you have the .nba rom files.
Or you can use one of the pre-packaged roms + flashers like the iMate one... but, that's where it gets a little perilous. AFAIK, the latest iMate rom will flash a locked Extended rom onto the device, which you can not edit any longer. So until someone figures out how to unlock the Extended rom, be careful.
My other idea would be to take the iMate full rom and break it up into the GSM, OS, and Extended roms. Once you do that, instead of using the pre-packaged flasher and rom, use aWizard to flash the GSM and OS roms and do the Extended part manually. Then you can keep an unlocked Extended rom (of your stock image) incase you ever want to revert to stock (since you backed up the stock GSM and OS roms in the first step).
Where is the aWizard 1.3b2. The unlocker I have is called lockiwizo2b and there is no u option.
Read the upgrading portion of the wizard forums, its all over the place there.
PS, be absolutely sure you want to upgrade, once you change, there is no going back, I did mine, I'd like to go back, but cannot.
jvanbrecht said:
Read the upgrading portion of the wizard forums, its all over the place there.
PS, be absolutely sure you want to upgrade, once you change, there is no going back, I did mine, I'd like to go back, but cannot.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sure you can.
If you have an SD image you can go back to the T-Mobile original US load with no problem at all. You DID make an SD image of the ROM before you screwed around, right?
The SPL will not downgrade (you probably can do that by running the RUU for the "hacked-up" earlier Imate version with the 1.x SPL/IPL) but I've found no particular reason to.
I have verified that an SD image restore to the original T-Mo US firmware works from the Imate shipping RUU.
Genesis.
What is the best method for making the SD Image?
I would also like to know.
I would also like to know if the original Extended rom can be backed up after the iMate rom overwrites it.
pewe said:
Genesis.
What is the best method for making the SD Image?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You need:
1. A terminal program that can speak over the USB port. Terraterm has a patched version out which can do this.
2. A CID-unlocked device (it will NOT work if its not CID-unlocked!)
3. A SD card of 128MB or larger (buy a 128MB for just this purpose, as its a great backup device)
To use it:
1. Get into the tri-color screen (hold CAMERA, reset) and plug into the USB port.
2. Kill wcescomm.exe from Windows XP (this is the ActiveSync driver for the USB port)
3. Start your terminal porgram
4. Hit "return" to insure you have a command prompt.
5. Make sure your 128MB SD card is in the slot.
6. Type "r2sd all" and hit return.
The loader will dump the entire ROM (including extended ROM) to the SD card.
Note that this is NOT a file on a FAT filesystem - its a RAW data dump with a signature and checksum. As such you CANNOT read it onto your computer using a copy - you need a tool like "psdread" to read it from the card to a file on your PC.
If you use a NEW card, you can search for the end of valid data or do what I do and dump the entire 128MB (which is larger than the dump file for certain) and then just compress it - all the trailing zeros will compress to basically nothing.
Stick the card somewhere safe.
To RESTORE from the SD card, insert it with the power off in the Wizard, then power on while holding the CAMERA button. With the older ROMs the backlight will be OFF; with the new IMATE one it will be ON. It will tell you to press the VOICE key to load from the SD card. Do so, it verifies the integrity of the dump and loads it.
Note that the prompt only comes up for a few seconds and if you're using a 1.x release of firmware when you do this the backlight is OFF so its hard to see - but its there. Grab a flashlight if necessary.
Once you load something else on your unit from stock of course you can't go back unless you did this FIRST. This was the first thing I did when I got my MDA, so I have a copy of the T-Mobile "base software" on the SD card in case I pooch my device and need to go back to the OEM firmware.
Thanks Genesis. Very helpful guide.
I did another search on the forum using different search words and I found this post:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/viewtopic.php?t=37386&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=0
and it looks like this is does the same thing - but without having to use other programmes like Terraterm.
Am I right?
Genesis3 said:
pewe said:
Genesis.
What is the best method for making the SD Image?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You need:
1. A terminal program that can speak over the USB port. Terraterm has a patched version out which can do this.
2. A CID-unlocked device (it will NOT work if its not CID-unlocked!)
3. A SD card of 128MB or larger (buy a 128MB for just this purpose, as its a great backup device)
To use it:
1. Get into the tri-color screen (hold CAMERA, reset) and plug into the USB port.
2. Kill wcescomm.exe from Windows XP (this is the ActiveSync driver for the USB port)
3. Start your terminal porgram
4. Hit "return" to insure you have a command prompt.
5. Make sure your 128MB SD card is in the slot.
6. Type "r2sd all" and hit return.
The loader will dump the entire ROM (including extended ROM) to the SD card.
Note that this is NOT a file on a FAT filesystem - its a RAW data dump with a signature and checksum. As such you CANNOT read it onto your computer using a copy - you need a tool like "psdread" to read it from the card to a file on your PC.
If you use a NEW card, you can search for the end of valid data or do what I do and dump the entire 128MB (which is larger than the dump file for certain) and then just compress it - all the trailing zeros will compress to basically nothing.
Stick the card somewhere safe.
To RESTORE from the SD card, insert it with the power off in the Wizard, then power on while holding the CAMERA button. With the older ROMs the backlight will be OFF; with the new IMATE one it will be ON. It will tell you to press the VOICE key to load from the SD card. Do so, it verifies the integrity of the dump and loads it.
Note that the prompt only comes up for a few seconds and if you're using a 1.x release of firmware when you do this the backlight is OFF so its hard to see - but its there. Grab a flashlight if necessary.
Once you load something else on your unit from stock of course you can't go back unless you did this FIRST. This was the first thing I did when I got my MDA, so I have a copy of the T-Mobile "base software" on the SD card in case I pooch my device and need to go back to the OEM firmware.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You, sir, are my new hero. You win 3 internets for this post.
Although, what would happen if I used my existing 512mb minisd card with apps already on it? Will it dump to a file and I can compress at that point? You mentioned it was non-readable on the card if I did that. I've already backed up the stock ROM using the aWizard tool, but if I used your method with a miniSD that had files already on it, would it blindly write to it, clobbering files, or write something to the card that was unreadable via a PC (basically not as a file on the filesystem), and if I put more stuff on the miniSD like apps or media, it'll overwrite the backup of the image?
If you do this to a card with data on it you will pooch all the data - it will scribble right on top of the FAT tables and destroy them.
Second, you won't know where the data you dumped ends. To be safe you should save 128MB of the card (from the front) to your file on the PC. This will result in a larger-than-necessary file, but that's ok.
You need tools like "psdread" and "psdwrite" to read and write the SD card in "raw" format - it is NOT a file that gets dumped, but just a RAW image of the ROM (with checksums)!
The only other "gotcha" is that depending on the EXACT configuration of the data you dump the SD card may refuse to reformat to its original capacity when you're doing doing this and/or refuse to reformat at all!
That's fixable by writing a block of zeros (e.g. 10kb or so worth) to the front of the card, which will clear what's confusing Windows (and the phone).
Genesis3 said:
If you do this to a card with data on it you will pooch all the data - it will scribble right on top of the FAT tables and destroy them.
Second, you won't know where the data you dumped ends. To be safe you should save 128MB of the card (from the front) to your file on the PC. This will result in a larger-than-necessary file, but that's ok.
You need tools like "psdread" and "psdwrite" to read and write the SD card in "raw" format - it is NOT a file that gets dumped, but just a RAW image of the ROM (with checksums)!
The only other "gotcha" is that depending on the EXACT configuration of the data you dump the SD card may refuse to reformat to its original capacity when you're doing doing this and/or refuse to reformat at all!
That's fixable by writing a block of zeros (e.g. 10kb or so worth) to the front of the card, which will clear what's confusing Windows (and the phone).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
interesting. if I got a $10 128mb minisd, though, I wouldn't really care to use it in anything else other than this phone. I have a 512mb already for daily usage, so the 128mb would be for a backup incase I want to revert to the standard OOB rom from T-Mobile.
As long as the rom is written to the card and will read from if I choose to restore, I don't care if windows ever reads from the card again.
pewe said:
Thanks Genesis. Very helpful guide.
I did another search on the forum using different search words and I found this post:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/viewtopic.php?t=37386&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=0
and it looks like this is does the same thing - but without having to use other programmes like Terraterm.
Am I right?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's the tool I was talking about. This will dump the roms to a file on your PC that is readable. You can edit stuff, rewrite it back to the device, etc.
But what I haven't gotten a definitive answer on is whether you can flash the iMate extended rom and then overwrite it at a later date with the original t-mobile extended rom, since the iMate one is locked or something. Genesis' method involves using a miniSD to create a raw image of a newly booted phone, GSM/OS/Extended rom and all, which you can keep somewhere safe incase you ever want to revert. Apparently, even after flashing the iMate rom with the locked Extended rom, he was capable of re-flashing the device with the original rom from the miniSD.
This is exactly what I am looking for. I want to switch to the iMate rom, and know the order all the cabs in the extended rom need to be installed for it to work properly, but I was afraid I could never revert to the OOB experience. This fixes that, and I will be ordering a 128mb card tonight.
I downloaded Tera Term from http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA002416/teraterm.html is this the right one? It only has COM ports as options to communicate.
Can someone please provide a link to a terminal program I can download which works over USB?
Hi,
I followed your instructions for making a backup of my ROM to an SD Card. I have a small problem, I don't have a card reader for my PC, is there any way to get the ROM image onto my PC via my Wizard? Also since the Wizard doesn't think the MiniSD card exists anymore, is there anyway to raw write those 0's to the card from the Wizard.. perhaps using terraterm? Or have I just killed my MiniSD card and I'm going to have to buy a reader for my PC ?
Thanks!
zan5hin said:
Can someone please provide a link to a terminal program I can download which works over USB?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
download this one: http://arisme.free.fr/hacks/binaries/TeraTermPro_WinCE_USB.zip
its in the bin folder of the zip.
koniosis said:
Hi,
I followed your instructions for making a backup of my ROM to an SD Card. I have a small problem, I don't have a card reader for my PC, is there any way to get the ROM image onto my PC via my Wizard? Also since the Wizard doesn't think the MiniSD card exists anymore, is there anyway to raw write those 0's to the card from the Wizard.. perhaps using terraterm? Or have I just killed my MiniSD card and I'm going to have to buy a reader for my PC ?
Thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You need a card reader in your PC (or a friend's PC) - I do not know of a way to write it directly in the MDA.
Genesis3 said:
You need a card reader in your PC (or a friend's PC) - I do not know of a way to write it directly in the MDA.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ok thanks, I've got one from a friend now, so all good I was looking at http://wiki.xda-developers.com/index.php?pagename=HimalayaBootloaderCommands to see if there were any bootloader commands for writing to sd card, but it appears you can only copy the ROM to the SD, besides, this is for a different phone anyway.
Ok I may have found something: http://wiki.xda-developers.com/index.php?pagename=XdaUtils/psdwrite.exe claims to be able to write raw to the SD card on a WinCE device... I'll investigate.
I'm currently reading the image raw from the MiniSD card using the command "psdread -1 0 0x0F140000 sd.img" using a 256MB MiniSD and it appears to be working, albit slowly. I'll keep you informed of whether I can succesfully recover my SD card using the writer after this read finishes.

question about dumping on mini sd card

i unlocked my phone and followed all the directions until the dump...mistakenly i thought i could dump the file from the mda instead of using a card reader...now my card cannot be read by the mda, but i can restore everything through the card when i press the camera button as i plug in the usb cord...so i know the card still works...so i guess my question is if i dump the file else where will my card be free of memory and will the security files still be intact; so i can use my mini sd card for other things...much help is appreciated
:edited: forgive my stupidity, but i was doing this last night as i was tired multitasking other things...i assume the answer to my question is to dump the file with the ntrw.exe, and my sd card should be free of use; as well as being able to be seen on my mda...please correct me if i am wrong...i am concerned because if my whole mini sd card is wiped out in the process of coping the rom from the phone to the sd card, then there is a posibility that the security files (hence secure digital) might be erased as well...this might result in why i can't see my card on the mda anymore...as i have learned that if your card's sectioned area for the security stuff is corrupted or erased in anyway, the card will not function correctly anymore...please help me out so i can test out the new roms with you guys :!:
the answers...
well sometimes you have to look for what you need instead of others doing it for you, but am i greatful just the same...for those with the same problem i have a solution...you do not need a card reader...i got my information from:
http://www.spv-developers.com/forum/archive/index.php?t-226.html
http://forum.xda-developers.com/viewtopic.php?t=43399
i got my sd card working again without the use of a sd card reader...i downloaded psdread and psdwrite ...next i opened a cmd window with the directory of the files...i followed another cmd "psdread -1 0 0xc0200 sd image" instead of using koniosis' cmd...with this cmd i found in the first forum above, you are able to read the file directly from the device while connected through active sync...then i went on to follow koniosis' instructions and compressed the image with winrar...next i used a hex editor to make a file 10k of 0x00...and finally i used the cmd "psdwrite -1 file.bin", and it copied to the device...i took out the card and placed it back, and the device was able to recognize and format my sd card...thanks for the guide...
to think that i figured all that out by myself (with help of course)...i have not done this kind of stuff before, so i am very proud of myself :shock:

Categories

Resources