help - Huawei Ascend XT Questions & Answers

h1711 wiped everything inclouding twrp need help with getting it back going...

Check the other subforum for the xt2 bootloader fix.. fwiw, I have seen no twrp posted for this device - what'd you do..?

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Soft bricked my phone, could somebody help me?

Hi everyone, sorry for a noob problem but I seemed to have soft bricked my phone and was hoping that somebody here would be able to help me out. I have an A2017U in the US.
A short history:
I had been using my phone on B20 rooted/locked with tenfar's tool for about 3 months now, and decided I would try and update it finally before the new year.
To update it, after reading it seemed I would need to unlock the bootloader to keep root on B29 so I decided first step would be to unlock the bootloader and then update to B29. I did the following steps today
1) Unlock bootloader using DrakenFX's guide here http://forum.xda-developers.com/axon-7/how-to/guide-how-to-unlock-bootloader-stay-t3461165 The unlocked proved successful and I was able to boot back into B20 after all the data was wiped, and I followed the instruction to backup the Boot in TWRP. All good.
2) I then decided to follow another of DrakenFX's guides (https://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=68873482&postcount=2) to update from B20 to B29. I followed the instructions exactly again, but then the phone just hangs on the ZTE logo on boot infinitely. I wondered if I made a mistake when re-initializing TWRP after unlocking the bootloader. I did a search and found in "Mount" to uncheck "Mount system partition read-only" and unchecked it. The System partition however is unmounted, I'm not sure if that's normal now or not. Even when I check it, after rebooting it goes away. I've checked the MD5 of the ZTE_A2017U.B29_StockSystem_by_DrakenFX.zip file and it's good. I then flashed through fastboot to the new 3.0.3-0 TWRP which I'm now using, and still nothing. It appears I don't have an OS installed. I'm going to guess here the issue is with a setting in TWRP but I've tried everything I could find. Unfortunately I don't seem to have a copy of my stock recovery right now to flash either. I've tried several times to flash ZTE_A2017U.B29_StockSystem_by_DrakenFX.zip and reboot but to no avail. I even tried this tip from rczrazor to delete DATA first and others one by one (https://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=69428659&postcount=136) but no such luck for me. Still stuck on the ZTE logo.
tl;dr - I have access to fastboot and TWRP, but apparently no ROM installed even though have flashed now multiple times.
If anybody could help me I would greatly appreciate it. I'm even willing to pay a few bucks in Paypal to help get me going again.
Thank you all in advance.
shyguy88 said:
Hi everyone, sorry for a noob problem but I seemed to have soft bricked my phone and was hoping that somebody here would be able to help me out. I have an A2017U in the US.
A short history:
I had been using my phone on B20 rooted/locked with tenfar's tool for about 3 months now, and decided I would try and update it finally before the new year.
To update it, after reading it seemed I would need to unlock the bootloader to keep root on B29 so I decided first step would be to unlock the bootloader and then update to B29. I did the following steps today
1) Unlock bootloader using DrakenFX's guide here http://forum.xda-developers.com/axon-7/how-to/guide-how-to-unlock-bootloader-stay-t3461165 The unlocked proved successful and I was able to boot back into B20 after all the data was wiped, and I followed the instruction to backup the Boot in TWRP. All good.
2) I then decided to follow another of DrakenFX's guides (https://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=68873482&postcount=2) to update from B20 to B29. I followed the instructions exactly again, but then the phone just hangs on the ZTE logo on boot infinitely. I wondered if I made a mistake when re-initializing TWRP after unlocking the bootloader. I did a search and found in "Mount" to uncheck "Mount system partition read-only" and unchecked it. The System partition however is unmounted, I'm not sure if that's normal now or not. Even when I check it, after rebooting it goes away. I've checked the MD5 of the ZTE_A2017U.B29_StockSystem_by_DrakenFX.zip file and it's good. I then flashed through fastboot to the new 3.0.3-0 TWRP which I'm now using, and still nothing. It appears I don't have an OS installed. I'm going to guess here the issue is with a setting in TWRP but I've tried everything I could find. Unfortunately I don't seem to have a copy of my stock recovery right now to flash either. I've tried several times to flash ZTE_A2017U.B29_StockSystem_by_DrakenFX.zip and reboot but to no avail. I even tried this tip from rczrazor to delete DATA first and others one by one (https://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=69428659&postcount=136) but no such luck for me. Still stuck on the ZTE logo.
tl;dr - I have access to fastboot and TWRP, but apparently no ROM installed even though have flashed now multiple times.
If anybody could help me I would greatly appreciate it. I'm even willing to pay a few bucks in Paypal to help get me going again.
Thank you all in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This happened to me once - boot to TWRP, format data, reboot to TWRP, advanced wipe everything but the external SD card,reboot to TWRP, flash DrakenFX B29 bootstack, reboot to TWRP, flash DrakenFX B29 system.
shyguy88 said:
Hi everyone, sorry for a noob problem but I seemed to have soft bricked my phone and was hoping that somebody here would be able to help me out. I have an A2017U in the US.
If anybody could help me I would greatly appreciate it. I'm even willing to pay a few bucks in Paypal to help get me going again.
Thank you all in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have bricked my AXON 7 many times during the last week. The Zip files from DrakenFX are very good. But in case those were still failling...
First, check for corrupted downloads, just check the zip file integrity using 7zip, winRAR or any other tool.
Use TWRP 3.0.3
Try a different ROM such as ZADMix or even CM13.
If everything fails:
Flash TWRP 3.0.2 signed.
Flash the original Stock B29 Boot partition and reboot to recovery
Flash again the verified DrakenFX files.

Bricked?

I was from LineageOS 14.1 and I saw a post where the Nougat update has been pushed. Decided to flash A2017U B29 and it worked fine but when I tried to update, it said failed to update. So decided to reinstall the B29 rom again, and it still failed. So I decided to flash back to my stock rom which is A2017G and my phone is now stuck at the ZTE Boot logo. Waited for more than 40 minutes, still stuck there. Decided to go back to recovery and it seems that my TWRP recovery is no longer there. Only able to go back to stock recovery. Tried factory reset, wipe cache and reboot, still stuck on boot logo. Is there any way to fix this? Basically new to Android so dont really know what I'm doing. Just following tutorials that are in this forum. Pretty much f*cked up right now. Would really appreciate if anyone could help in details as Im new to this Android scene.
MahathirMohamad_ said:
I was from LineageOS 14.1 and I saw a post where the Nougat update has been pushed. Decided to flash A2017U B29 and it worked fine but when I tried to update, it said failed to update. So decided to reinstall the B29 rom again, and it still failed. So I decided to flash back to my stock rom which is A2017G and my phone is now stuck at the ZTE Boot logo. Waited for more than 40 minutes, still stuck there. Decided to go back to recovery and it seems that my TWRP recovery is no longer there. Only able to go back to stock recovery. Tried factory reset, wipe cache and reboot, still stuck on boot logo. Is there any way to fix this? Basically new to Android so dont really know what I'm doing. Just following tutorials that are in this forum. Pretty much f*cked up right now. Would really appreciate if anyone could help in details as Im new to this Android scene.
Its 12.29am now from where Im from. Hopefully someone can help me fix this issue before I go to work later in the morning ( Need to wake up at 5.30am ).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Join this hangouts goypr, someone is going to help you there for sure
Join the conversation on Hangouts: https://hangouts.google.com/group/QJg5USoboVbcA7eE2
Did you get this resolved?
I think the problem is caused by flashing the US version bootstack to a none US version phone. It's relatively ok to flash the system/kernel, but flashing other partitions is asking for trouble.
gpz1100 said:
Did you get this resolved?
I think the problem is caused by flashing the US version bootstack to a none US version phone. It's relatively ok to flash the system/kernel, but flashing other partitions is asking for trouble.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So do you know how to fix it?
Did you try to flash twrp recovery?

Huawei P9 Lite VNS-L31 Completly Bricked

Hi, I'm in a sticky situation
I downloaded a custom recovery (revolution custom recovery) and wanted to install lineage 14.1 on my phone. I installed everything properly and still my phone doesn't get past the startup animation. After that I thought it was because of the recovery so I installed I TWRP (which should be compatible) through the existing recovery. And now. I'm stuck between loading screens and don't know what to do. I managed to get to the erecovery of EMUI and charged up my phone. Since I don't want to break anything else I'm asking for help.
Change data partition to ext4.
How yo recover
Flash sotck EMUI rom from consumer.huawei.com using 3 buttons method. You'll be able yo use your phone, but I think Google services doesn't work (in my case) so try again yo flash lineageOS. Good luck
yazzine said:
Hi, I'm in a sticky situation .........
.......... Since I don't want to break anything else I'm asking for help.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello dude, ok you got L31 model phone, but, except for Revolution recovery,
you did not give any more info about the firmware you had before flash custom recovery.
Neither info you wrote about lineageOS and other TWRP you tried to flash.
No one can help you without these basically info, so post here...
Best Regards

H918 Stuck on secure startup "decryption unsuccessful" on boot

after doing this https://forum.xda-developers.com/v20/how-to/step-step-guide-lg-v20-h918-unlocking-t3808258
and finally installing a stock based rom, which is Alpha Omega Rom. I get stuck at secure startup and telling that decryption unsuccessful. I tried it with other stock based rom like a prerooted one but the result are still the same. I am never new to this problem and usually this get solved by going to twrp and wiping data(the one you have to type yes) but it did not solve this problem. Really need help badly.
noddledizzy said:
after doing this https://forum.xda-developers.com/v20/how-to/step-step-guide-lg-v20-h918-unlocking-t3808258
and finally installing a stock based rom, which is Alpha Omega Rom. I get stuck at secure startup and telling that decryption unsuccessful. I tried it with other stock based rom like a prerooted one but the result are still the same. I am never new to this problem and usually this get solved by going to twrp and wiping data(the one you have to type yes) but it did not solve this problem. Really need help badly.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
it seems youre trying to flash a new twrp image that is higher than the allowed 3.2.3-4 in the root process,go to fastboot mode reflash twrp image 3.2.3-4 or an older one.If that's not the issue please provide more information
mikekote666 said:
it seems youre trying to flash a new twrp image that is higher than the allowed 3.2.3-4 in the root process,go to fastboot mode reflash twrp image 3.2.3-4 or an older one.If that's not the issue please provide more information
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Where does it exactly say that I cannot flash anything higher than 3.2.3-4. All it says is to download the latest twrp from https://forum.xda-developers.com/v20/development/recovery-twrp-3-2-1-0-t3720239
Do you have a link to 3.2.3-4? It seems like 3.2.3-5 is the lowest twrp I could find in Phoenix591's android filehost https://androidfilehost.com/?w=files&flid=235271
edit: while waiting for responses, I went ahead and installed unofficial LOS15 then I was able to boot without any problem. It seem like this will only happen with stock/stock based roms.
noddledizzy said:
Where does it exactly say that I cannot flash anything higher than 3.2.3-4. All it says is to download the latest twrp from https://forum.xda-developers.com/v20/development/recovery-twrp-3-2-1-0-t3720239
Do you have a link to 3.2.3-4? It seems like 3.2.3-5 is the lowest twrp I could find in Phoenix591's android filehost https://androidfilehost.com/?w=files&flid=235271
edit: while waiting for responses, I went ahead and installed unofficial LOS15 then I was able to boot without any problem. It seem like this will only happen with stock/stock based roms.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You should flash latest after installing this one by installing recovery img in TWRP i am telling you cause i have tried 3.2.3-5+ with the dirty santa process for my phone and thats the message i was getting unless downgrading to 3.2.3-4
Also decryption is unsuccessful comes as a result of not formatting data on twrp after the first install of twrp but you said that you did format data so i thought you were trying to flash newer twrp via the root process of the H918
mikekote666 said:
You should flash latest after installing this one by installing recovery img in TWRP i am telling you cause i have tried 3.2.3-5+ with the dirty santa process for my phone and thats the message i was getting unless downgrading to 3.2.3-4
Also decryption is unsuccessful comes as a result of not formatting data on twrp after the first install of twrp but you said that you did format data so i thought you were trying to flash newer twrp via the root process of the H918
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
do you have 3.2.3-4? I couldn't find it anywhere unfortunately
edit:already solved it by using 3.2.3-0/1 from official twrp website. but the problem is that i get 0mb storage on internal storage on TWRP. I am not exactly new to this problem but even after flashing no verity op encryption zip. I still get it. sigh.
noddledizzy said:
do you have 3.2.3-4? I couldn't find it anywhere unfortunately
edit:already solved it by using 3.2.3-0/1 from official twrp website. but the problem is that i get 0mb storage on internal storage on TWRP. I am not exactly new to this problem but even after flashing no verity op encryption zip. I still get it. sigh.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
you need to format data first time
noddledizzy said:
after doing this https://forum.xda-developers.com/v20/how-to/step-step-guide-lg-v20-h918-unlocking-t3808258
and finally installing a stock based rom, which is Alpha Omega Rom. I get stuck at secure startup and telling that decryption unsuccessful. I tried it with other stock based rom like a prerooted one but the result are still the same. I am never new to this problem and usually this get solved by going to twrp and wiping data(the one you have to type yes) but it did not solve this problem. Really need help badly.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have this problem too for a couple days a go,
but now it have been fixed.
Flash TWRP 3.2.3 via fastboot
Boot into TWRP
format data
reboot system
done
I think Its TWRP 3.3 bug or something that not decrypt perfectly..
---------- Post added at 01:53 PM ---------- Previous post was at 01:46 PM ----------
noddledizzy said:
do you have 3.2.3-4? I couldn't find it anywhere unfortunately
edit:already solved it by using 3.2.3-0/1 from official twrp website. but the problem is that i get 0mb storage on internal storage on TWRP. I am not exactly new to this problem but even after flashing no verity op encryption zip. I still get it. sigh.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Format data
gandyprakoso said:
I have this problem too for a couple days a go,
but now it have been fixed.
Flash TWRP 3.2.3 via fastboot
Boot into TWRP
format data
reboot system
done
I think Its TWRP 3.3 bug or something that not decrypt perfectly..
---------- Post added at 01:53 PM ---------- Previous post was at 01:46 PM ----------
Format data
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did format data so many times already that it nuked my twrp(just stopped booting into it all of a sudden, still unsure if that caused it though)
noddledizzy said:
I did format data so many times already that it nuked my twrp(just stopped booting into it all of a sudden, still unsure if that caused it though)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes me too, and it almost make me crazy back in the days ?
the solution (at least for now) is downgrade TWRP it into v3.2.3-4. flash it via adb fastboot command, format data, then reboot. But sorry i dont have TWRP for H918, becoz im using F800L.. and since your TWRP has been nuked, youll have to reflash TWRP again yes? ?
Or, if youbdont want to downgrade TWRP, you can use AOSP based rom such as LOS15.1.. i already tried that rom and it dont have problem with encrypt/decrypt thing like stock based rom.
gandyprakoso said:
Yes me too, and it almost make me crazy back in the days ?
the solution (at least for now) is downgrade TWRP it into v3.2.3-4. flash it via adb fastboot command, format data, then reboot. But sorry i dont have TWRP for H918, becoz im using F800L..
Or, you can use AOSP based rom such as LOS15.1.
i already tried that rom and it dont have problem with encrypt/decrypt thing like stock based rom.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I am currently using v3.2.3.0/1 i couldnt find v3.2.3-4 anywhere.
I am using Resurrection Remix, everything was perfect until i stopped receiving sms once the phone goes deep sleep
noddledizzy said:
I am currently using v3.2.3.0/1 i couldnt find v3.2.3-4 anywhere.
I am using Resurrection Remix, everything was perfect until i stopped receiving sms once the phone goes deep sleep
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Here it is, hope it helps..
TWRP: https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=11410932744536982445
H918 Prerooted Oreo 20g:
https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=11410932744536989567
H918 SIM Unlock:
https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=11410963190603886898
All credits goes to @Phoenix591
gandyprakoso said:
Here it is, hope it helps..
TWRP: https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=11410932744536982445
H918 Prerooted Oreo 20g:
https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=11410932744536989567
H918 SIM Unlock:
https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=11410963190603886898
All credits goes to @Phoenix591
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you so much, no wonder i wasn't able to find v3.2.3-4 because it's labeled as the release date. What does the sim unlock do? I mean, I can receive messages and stuff but just not get any once in awhile. Will this actually solve that?
noddledizzy said:
Thank you so much, no wonder i wasn't able to find v3.2.3-4 because it's labeled as the release date. What does the sim unlock do? I mean, I can receive messages and stuff but just not get any once in awhile. Will this actually solve that?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes i knew that. My TWRP 3.2.3-4 IMG file is labeled with same date like that.
About sim unlock, Actually I dont know for sure because in f800l we dont seeing any sim problem at all.. but in my opinion just download it, in case you seeing problem with locked sim after flashing, it will be very useful..
anyway, i found a thread that discussing about h918 sim unlock thing
https://forum.xda-developers.com/v20/how-to/discussion-t-mobile-sim-unlock-t3821051
gandyprakoso said:
Yes i knew that. My TWRP 3.2.3-4 IMG file is labeled with same date like that.
About sim unlock, Actually I dont know for sure because in f800l we dont seeing any sim problem at all.. but in my opinion just download it, in case you seeing problem with locked sim after flashing, it will be very useful..
anyway, i found a thread that discussing about h918 sim unlock thing
https://forum.xda-developers.com/v20/how-to/discussion-t-mobile-sim-unlock-t3821051
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks, I will try going back to stock roms and will report back to you.
And I forgot to mention that I already got twrp fixed after it got nuked. Sadly, I don't think fastboot flashing works on h918 so I had to do lafsploit method to flash twrp again.
noddledizzy said:
Thanks, I will try going back to stock roms and will report back to you.
And I forgot to mention that I already got twrp fixed after it got nuked. Sadly, I don't think fastboot flashing works on h918 so I had to do lafsploit method to flash twrp again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ok then and happy flashing m8 ?
noddledizzy said:
Where does it exactly say that I cannot flash anything higher than 3.2.3-4. All it says is to download the latest twrp from https://forum.xda-developers.com/v20/development/recovery-twrp-3-2-1-0-t3720239
Do you have a link to 3.2.3-4? It seems like 3.2.3-5 is the lowest twrp I could find in Phoenix591's android filehost https://androidfilehost.com/?w=files&flid=235271
edit: while waiting for responses, I went ahead and installed unofficial LOS15 then I was able to boot without any problem. It seem like this will only happen with stock/stock based roms.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Where? Right in the portion where it says Known Issues of the first link.
Downgrading TWRP to 3.2.3-4 will fix it. I had the same issue.
Thanks for the notes. Unfortunately this did not work for me. I ended up in this position after updating Magisk to 20.2, or trying to. My H918 went to being stuck in the fastboot mode. I was able to get to TWRP, and reinstalled H91820h.zip, but then faced with "Decryption unsuccessful" I downgraded TWRP to twrp-3.2.3-0, and deleted everything except the external microsd card, reinstalled H91820h.zip, but still stuck at the "Decryption unsuccessful". Are there other things I should try?
Thanks,
Rob
frohro said:
Thanks for the notes. Unfortunately this did not work for me. I ended up in this position after updating Magisk to 20.2, or trying to. My H918 went to being stuck in the fastboot mode. I was able to get to TWRP, and reinstalled H91820h.zip, but then faced with "Decryption unsuccessful" I downgraded TWRP to twrp-3.2.3-0, and deleted everything except the external microsd card, reinstalled H91820h.zip, but still stuck at the "Decryption unsuccessful". Are there other things I should try?
Thanks,
Rob
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
From TWRP thread:
Changed one last thing to try to fix stock Oreo decryption.
There were an upstream TWRP change that should fix the issue where formatting was still leaving /data encrypted as well (this was actually in the last build, but I didn't notice it then)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you still have your non-Encryption-supporting TWRP as download mode, wipe data from there. For some reason which was documented in the TWRP thread, most versions of V20 TWRP doesn't remove the encryption flag even on a full wipe. I've gone through the pain several times, but here's roughly what I went through about a month ago. It's possible that using the latest TWRP may allow you to skip straight to step 8. As of this latest wipe, I'm finally at a point again where my phone works properly and TWRP can still see my data.
Basic process to hopefully have a working ongoing phone and TWRP:
1. Reboot to download-mode TWRP
2. Wipe dalvik/cache/data from the older download-mode TWRP
3. Factory reset with YES, still in older download-mode TWRP
4. Reboot to system; it should give you the new-system-setup past the Decryption unsuccessful screen on your wiped device
5. Setup without a Google account or fingerprint
6. Reboot back to recovery, not download TWRP; use download mode to get there if you need to
7. Flash the latest TWRP version from the thread (no older than October 25, 2019)
8. Reboot back to recovery
9. Wipe dalvik/cache/data
10. Reboot back to system
11. Setup as you like
12. Reboot back to recovery and make sure you can see your storage
If it gets a decryption error on latest TWRP at step 12 and you can't see data while in Recovery, try skipping adding a fingerprint during setup (run through steps 8-12, no fingerprint on 11) and see if that fixes it.
frohro said:
Thanks for the notes. Unfortunately this did not work for me. I ended up in this position after updating Magisk to 20.2, or trying to. My H918 went to being stuck in the fastboot mode. I was able to get to TWRP, and reinstalled H91820h.zip, but then faced with "Decryption unsuccessful" I downgraded TWRP to twrp-3.2.3-0, and deleted everything except the external microsd card, reinstalled H91820h.zip, but still stuck at the "Decryption unsuccessful". Are there other things I should try?
Thanks,
Rob
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My solution turned out to be formatting /data. Wiping it was apparently not really wiping it clean. Formatting it got me back to a working phone, though I had to re-install everything.
Thanks everyone for the help!
Rob
anyone knows how to fix fingerprints not working? h990 oreo rom mk2000 kernel is there any fix?
do i need to return to nougat but than what? please help
edit: was able to fix that by flashing nougat modem
now wifi wont turn on tho anyone know how to fix?

Downgrade from oreo to nougat

can anyone help me , am trying to downgrade from oreo to nougat. am currently : Axon7 A2017UV2.1.OB20 bootloader unlocked , latest twrp , rooted with magisk. have searched xda and www without a clear guide.
** am doing this all from my phone , do not have a p.c.** i read something at www about an extsdcard method (lost the link) but had no download links in the post. any/all help/advice/warnings apprexiated.
[emoji106]
p.s. have to keep twrp as i want to root again.
edit: nevermind. [emoji1]
err on the side of kindness
Sir, i just read your post and saw you are on Oreo with bootloader unlocked.
I tried unlocking my bootloader but coudnt successful. Can you please help me how to unlock bootoader of my A2017U with stock Orero B20
teji007 said:
Sir, i just read your post and saw you are on Oreo with bootloader unlocked.
I tried unlocking my bootloader but coudnt successful. Can you please help me how to unlock bootoader of my A2017U with stock Orero B20
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
sorry. a friend unlocked mine. but i'm sure there is a guide here somewhere. if i can find i will link you to it. [emoji1]
maybe here : https://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=3704595
err on the side of kindness
Downgrading to Nougat is simple. You need a Nougat ROM and a bootstack for Nougat on your SD card. You should also replace your TWRP recovery with Oki's recovery, because it can help you better.
Both are available on these forums, but it is better to search for them by yourself to get familiarized to some extent.
Backup your internal storage, because there is a strong chance that it gets wiped.
Reboot to recovery, do a backup (better to the SD card), wipe cache, dalvik cache, data, system.
Get rid of the vendor partition using the Oki's Advanced features (Party Tools).
Next flash the Nougat bootstack, then the Nougat ROM. Reboot system. If everything is ok, your phone should be in the Nougat ROM.
Be aware that if things go wrong, you might brick your phone, and restoring it could be even harder.

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