Related
Hey Team
Seeming I just learned how to create a FTF from the core update files thanks to this guide here I decided to upload my region version.
- Device: C6603
- Build number: 10.3.1.A.0.244
- Android version: 4.2.2
- Customization version: 1271-0341 1270-5941
- Region: New Zealand
- Branding: Telecom NZ (XT Bootscreen)
- Download links [Part One] [Part Two]
- NFC: Icon
- Extra Apps: Sony Apps, Office Suite Pro, Y! T World, Your Telecom, Garage
For most of you this will not help you, but for the odd Kiwi here it may help
Thanks mate, was looking at trying this firmware, but the last 4.2.2 update from telecom was really laggy, how have you found this one?
bungknees said:
Thanks mate, was looking at trying this firmware, but the last 4.2.2 update from telecom was really laggy, how have you found this one?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Its fine, I am running root and I always Trim but my BF has the same phone with same firmware unrooted and he hasn't complained yet
Well, I using 2degrees network and found this update few days ago, it's smoothly and faster of the camera app during launch. Telecome's rom got some icons that I not like to see so I just flash it at the begining. It will not break the warranty.
Sent from my C6603 using xda app-developers app
exekias said:
Its fine, I am running root and I always Trim but my BF has the same phone with same firmware unrooted and he hasn't complained yet
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah, debloating all the crap is Definitely the way to go, cool ill try this tonight, cheers.
bungknees said:
Yeah, debloating all the crap is Definitely the way to go, cool ill try this tonight, cheers.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes while I did debloat, TRIM is a maintenance app for phones with solid state, it basically "defrags" your phone and can reduce some lag, look it up on the play store FSTrim, it requires root and it's good, i always run it after installing a new rom and i never get lag
exekias said:
Yes while I did debloat, TRIM is a maintenance app for phones with solid state, it basically "defrags" your phone and can reduce some lag, look it up on the play store FSTrim, it requires root and it's good, i always run it after installing a new rom and i never get lag
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ah, right, I thought you meant trim the rom, but yes I did use that app on the previous telecom firmware, made a difference to.
bungknees said:
Ah, right, I thought you meant trim the rom, but yes I did use that app on the previous telecom firmware, made a difference to.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yea turns out the results wheren't just bs like all those lag fixes/battery monitors/task managers but an actual thing so much in fact that 4.3 has inbuilt TRIM support
exekias said:
Yea turns out the results wheren't just bs like all those lag fixes/battery monitors/task managers but an actual thing so much in fact that 4.3 has inbuilt TRIM support
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Definitely looking forward to 4.3, hope we don't have a long wait.
exekias said:
Hey Team
Seeming I just learned how to create a FTF from the core update files thanks to this guide here I decided to upload my region version.
- Device: C6603
- Build number: 10.3.1.A.0.244
- Android version: 4.2.2
- Customization version: 1271-0341 1270-5941
- Region: New Zealand
- Branding: Telecom NZ (XT Bootscreen)
- Download links [Part One] [Part Two]
- NFC: Icon
- Extra Apps: Sony Apps, Office Suite Pro, Y! T World, Your Telecom, Garage
For most of you this will not help you, but for the odd Kiwi here it may help
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi ,
Thanks for this and cheers from Auckland
So i got my Xperia Z from Hong Kong, and am looking to flash the stock Telecom NZ firmware. im using a 2Degrees sim, but theres no way to find 2degrees firmware.
Just wondering has Telecom already released the 4.2.2 update?! So if you buy a Z from telecom it comes with 4.2.2? or is this a leak or .... ?
Thanks mate
mahdibassam said:
Hi ,
Thanks for this and cheers from Auckland
So i got my Xperia Z from Hong Kong, and am looking to flash the stock Telecom NZ firmware. im using a 2Degrees sim, but theres no way to find 2degrees firmware.
Just wondering has Telecom already released the 4.2.2 update?! So if you buy a Z from telecom it comes with 4.2.2? or is this a leak or .... ?
Thanks mate
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No this is official Telecom saftware si it will work with 2deg sims just wont have snapper functionality
exekias said:
No this is official Telecom saftware si it will work with 2deg sims just wont have snapper functionality
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
and what exactly is snapper ?
and do you recommend staying with telecom 4.2.2 or a custom rom?
mahdibassam said:
and what exactly is snapper ?
and do you recommend staying with telecom 4.2.2 or a custom rom?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I found this ROM to be perfect. You will need to flash an old kernel to root then reflash the current kernel. But it's great.
Sent from my C6603 using Tapatalk 4
Download unavailable
exekias said:
Hey Team
Seeming I just learned how to create a FTF from the core update files thanks to this guide here I decided to upload my region version.
- Device: C6603
- Build number: 10.3.1.A.0.244
- Android version: 4.2.2
- Customization version: 1271-0341 1270-5941
- Region: New Zealand
- Branding: Telecom NZ (XT Bootscreen)
- Download links [Part One] [Part Two]
- NFC: Icon
- Extra Apps: Sony Apps, Office Suite Pro, Y! T World, Your Telecom, Garage
For most of you this will not help you, but for the odd Kiwi here it may help
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The update needs readding as the download links no longer work can you please reupload the download thank you
My CDF scanner detected the only operator to receive the 14.2.A.1.142 update, which is Telekom.de in in Germany..
C6903_14.2.A.1.142_Telekom.de DE_1276-5028_R6B.ftf [947.6 MB]
https://mega.co.nz/#!qYpk2BzA!0AQfBYhayTSO0LjXLprndY11Dq1XtI5mMU_mBYGbIb4
NOTE: I cannot test this myself, since I have C6902. Use on your own responsibility!
BTW,
I'm building a tool that will let you download any Sony Xperia firmware's APP-SW, FSP, ELABEL and S1, which you can use with Flashtool to make a FTF bundle.
IaguCool said:
My CDF scanner detected the only region to receive the 14.2.A.1.142 update.
Details:
C6903 | Germany | Telekom.de DE | 1276-5028 | R6B | 14.2.A.1.142
Will post the FTF later this day.
BTW,
I'm building a tool that will let you download any Sony Xperia firmware's APP-SW, FSP, ELABEL and S1, which you can use with Flashtool to make a FTF bundle.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
hi there , anything new on this firmware?
Nice.like me
Any update on this?
IaguCool said:
My CDF scanner detected the only region to receive the 14.2.A.1.142 update.
Details:
C6903 | Germany | Telekom.de DE | 1276-5028 | R6B | 14.2.A.1.142
Will post the FTF later this day.
BTW,
I'm building a tool that will let you download any Sony Xperia firmware's APP-SW, FSP, ELABEL and S1, which you can use with Flashtool to make a FTF bundle.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So excited to see what brings to us!
but seems that is just for the Z1 compact, as i have seen earlier today
cheers
It's not for the Z1 Compact... As I said, I scanned all C6902, C6903, C6906 and C6943 customizations, and this one showed for C6903.
Finally I'm returning from work and very soon I'll upload the FTF (already got the SIN_FILE_SETs).
Unfortunately, finding all changes will not be that easy since this branding jumped directly from 14.1.G.2.257 to 14.2.A.1.142, but I'll try comparing it to an unbranded 14.2.A.1.136, it might give some hints.
IaguCool said:
It's not for the Z1 Compact... As I said, I scanned all C6902, C6903, C6906 and C6943 customizations, and this one showed for C6903.
Finally I'm returning from work and very soon I'll upload the FTF (already got the SIN_FILE_SETs).
Unfortunately, finding all changes will not be that easy since this branding jumped directly from 14.1.G.2.257 to 14.2.A.1.142, but I'll try comparing it to an unbranded 14.2.A.1.136, it might give some hints.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is totally cool man you rules :good:
Updated the OP with the download link!
anyone tried it yet? Does it work well оn C903?
BaCKo85 said:
anyone tried it yet? Does it work well оn C903?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think I'm gonna try it :fingers-crossed:
Busy downloading
NanoSurfer said:
I think I'm gonna try it :fingers-crossed:
Busy downloading
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please share any new thing you find (if any). My bet is that .142 (for Z1 and Z1 Compact) is a variant especially made for Telekom.de, with some minor modifications to suit the operator's needs, but that's my guess.
New firmware 14.2.A.1.142 certified for Xperia Z1, Z Ultra and Z1 Compact .
Sony Mobile has just certified a new firmware build with version number 14.2.A.1.142 for the Xperia Z1 (C6902, C6903, C6943, C6906), Xperia Z Ultra (C6802, C6833, C6843, C6806) and Xperia Z1 Compact (D5503). This new firmware most likely brings some bug fixes and performance enhancements, given that the small incremental number upgrade from the last firmware (14.2.A.1.136)
wtf, downloading at 25kb/s
eish, at this rate its only going to be done in 5 hrs! only 52% done
if someone has managed to get it please do share your findings
its full of blotware but it works just flashed back to 534
joecool666 said:
its full of blotware but it works just flashed back to 534
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Of course it is... it's branded
You can just make a unbloated flashable zip...
joecool666 said:
its full of blotware but it works just flashed back to 534
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Cool thanks mate :good:
Screw that then, not going to even bother. I assume its just 4.3 with carrier crapware then?
NanoSurfer said:
wtf, downloading at 25kb/s
eish, at this rate its only going to be done in 5 hrs! only 52% done
if someone has managed to get it please do share your findings
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
NanoSurfer said:
Cool thanks mate :good:
Screw that then, not going to even bother. I assume its just 4.3 with carrier crapware then?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
sure is,
---------- Post added at 09:02 PM ---------- Previous post was at 08:56 PM ----------
it takes a few mins to boothup so dont panic
Installed! No Visible Changes.. Looks like a bug fixing firmware..
azam426 said:
Installed! No Visible Changes.. Looks like a bug fixing firmware..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
does the sounds enhancement setting still crash when you choose that option? lol
NanoSurfer said:
Cool thanks mate :good:
Screw that then, not going to even bother. I assume its just 4.3 with carrier crapware then?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I wouldn't bother either, I'm staying on 14.1.G.1.534 until KK 4.4 is available
Still, sharing updates is vital.
Xperia Z (C6603) Generic UK (.FTF)
Downloaded through, decrypted and repackaged by Flashtool.
Android version: 4.4.4
Baseband: 9x15A-ACEFWMAZQ-30110089-72
Kernel: 3.4.0-perf-ge2ad053-00925-g7f21499 [email protected]#1 Thu Aug 7 10:45:21 2014
Build number: 10.5.1.A.0.283
Customization Version: 1270-7689
Branding: Generic UK
Country: United Kingdom
NFC Icon: Yes
This works on ANY Xperia Z (C6603).
Your Xperia Z does NOT have to be rooted.
Your Xperia Z does NOT have to be bootloader unlocked.
This does NOT re-lock a SIM unlocked phone (unlocking is ONCE and PERMANENT).
This does NOT unlock your bootloader.
Download: CLICK
MD5 of FTF file: e12208676ebd428f8660361d512ac9be
I advise checking the MD5 sum of the file you downloaded matches the above value with md5summer or similar software of your preference before you flash it.
How to flash stock roms in FTF format.
How to root 10.5.1.A.0.283
Enjoy!
kingvortex said:
Xperia Z (C6603) Generic UK (.FTF)
Downloaded through, decrypted and repackaged by Flashtool.
Android version: 4.4.4
Baseband: 9x15A-ACEFWMAZQ-30110089-72
Kernel: 3.4.0-perf-ge2ad053-00925-g7f21499 [email protected]#1 Thu Aug 7 10:45:21 2014
Build number: 10.5.1.A.0.283
Customization Version: 1270-7689
Branding: Generic UK
Country: United Kingdom
NFC Icon: Yes
This works on ANY Xperia Z (C6603).
Your Xperia Z does NOT have to be rooted.
Your Xperia Z does NOT have to be bootloader unlocked.
This does NOT re-lock a SIM unlocked phone (unlocking is ONCE and PERMANENT).
This does NOT unlock your bootloader.
Download: CLICK
MD5 of FTF file: e12208676ebd428f8660361d512ac9be
I advise checking the MD5 sum of the file you downloaded matches the above value with md5summer or similar software of your preference before you flash it.
How to flash stock roms with Flashtool
If you are flashing this over a newer firmware version, then a full wipe is essential.
How to root 10.5.1.A.0.283
Enjoy!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nice work man!
Sent from my C6603 using XDA Free mobile app
Thanks.
Sent from my C6603 using Tapatalk
If I come from 4.4.2 10.5.A.0.230, do I need wipe? full? thanks!
Edit:
Didn't wipe, works perfectly fine..
I think battery is improved.. The google play battery drain seems to be fixed..
Thanks alot!
mcjordan92 said:
If I come from 4.4.2 10.5.A.0.230, do I need wipe? full? thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No. No need to wipe anything if upgrading, so make sure nothing is ticked in the wipe section if you want to keep your data.
Sent from my C6603 using Tapatalk
30 downloads! I suppose it works fine for everyone then, as nobody complained!
Sent from my C6603 using Tapatalk
And 1 :thumbup:
That's about right. Ratio of thanks to downloads seems to be about 3% on xda
eg: my stock based kernel - 1700 downloads, 51 thanks.
Hahaha. 100 downloads now, so 1%! Never mind lol.
Sent from my C6603 using Tapatalk
Thanked from me
Thank you.
But what is difference between generic ROM and customized ROM?
thedark1979 said:
Thank you.
But what is difference between generic ROM and customized ROM?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nothing. Some people call generic roms customised because they are customised for that particular region.
Sent from my C6603 using Tapatalk
Im more of a beginner in this field so I would want to know why the UK generic version is much awaited. I run the Indian generic version. Is the UK one better, should I flash my phone with the UK one?
CyrilThomas92 said:
Im more of a beginner in this field so I would want to know why the UK generic version is much awaited. I run the Indian generic version. Is the UK one better, should I flash my phone with the UK one?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Some people like to keep the original software from the country they live in on their phone.
No firmware from any region is better or worse than any other. The only difference is the preinstalled apps bundled in the rom are usually different between countries.
There's no reason for you to flash this if you're already on 283. I haven't been on Generic UK firmware for over a year myself.
Sent from my C6603
Oh Thank you. My phone is getting a lil slower so was wondering whether reflashing it would help me in any other way and the buzz created around the UK rom was a lot so I thought this rom is better
I have C6602 in China. Can I flash this rom?
I have already got 4.4.4, but china version has no google framework.
thank you
pggdt said:
I have C6602 in China. Can I flash this rom?
I have already got 4.4.4, but china version has no google framework.
thank you
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes you can, but you should use a C6602 rom like this - http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2876962
Sent from my C6603
Can anyone help me?
I'm trying to install AOKP on my work colleague's C6630 (Xperia Z) which is from O2 in the UK, the bootloader allowed says No and I've tried the flashtool and the process shown in this thread, none of the root methods in the flashtool are working and the FlashMode doesn't respond when I attempt to install the generic UK rom, shows a quick red led, then a quick green led, then nothing.
I can carry out ADB or flashboot commands by going into those modes but nothing that will let me root or install a custom recovery partition.
I'm stuck and can't get any further, even though a lot of the guides here say you should still be able to get root while the bootloader is locked.
Thanks for this. After a major bootloop this helped bring my device back to life...
golfgtiedition30 said:
Thanks for this. After a major bootloop this helped bring my device back to life...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You're welcome.
Sent from my C6603
didn't work for me, it's stuck on a cycle of rebooting, then when loaded says a few things have stopped working then reboots again, restarts and repeats process! oh but when rebooting it goes through the optimising apps first 1 of 122 etc which takes a while.
So there is no way of stopping the process and no way of stopping the phone from restarting! basically my phone is now a brick!
Just received new update for my xperia z3 D6653, testing now, so far icons looks bit biggers, font is different, it has portrait retouch built in.
I am just DL it now. Any other changes yet?
I still stucked in 23.0.A.2.93 version ,should i flash my devices? Why it won't get update? (i have flashed soft with central europe 1 official rom)
It all depends where u r from. For the past few days others have been getting a different update
DanijasDub said:
Just received new update for my xperia z3 D6653, testing now, so far icons looks bit biggers, font is different, it has portrait retouch built in.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This firmware is old, even .93 is newer. try to upgrade to 23.0.1.A.5.77
If it's old why this fw has feutures, which were missing in. 93, and how updater managed to give me notification (i was on. 93) for older update???
That's from plugging into the Sony website so it is newer than 93
Yes it's newer, because.77 is for D6603 my Z3 is D6653 sony website didn't update website info i think, but let's wait for more users to get that update. Phone looks much snappier than.93
I agree with the fact phone feels faster but apart from that have not noticed much else. There was NFC as part of the update
True, nothing major, i also noticed NFC update on first start after update
But definitely snappier in normal use. Whatever lag there was has gone
DanijasDub said:
If it's old why this fw has feutures, which were missing in. 93, and how updater managed to give me notification (i was on. 93) for older update???
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nevermind, I just saw the number one (23.0.1.A.1.49), but still this firmware is older than 23.0.1.A.5.77 acording to sony firmware numeration.
DanijasDub said:
Yes it's newer, because.77 is for D6603 my Z3 is D6653 sony website didn't update website info i think, but let's wait for more users to get that update. Phone looks much snappier than.93
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
firmware 23.0.1.A.5.77 is for both 6603 and 6653. just check Xperifirm.
here is the correct order:
^^ confirmed - I am running 6653 firmware 1288-4247 23.0.1.A.5.77 R9B. downloaded from Xperifirm and flashed his morning. (unlocked BL, also flashed custom kernel & re-rooted.)
To @all
I'm pretty sure that flashing a new rom from scratch with Flashtool, is a lot better than updating your rom via OTA. It's like upgrading Windows XP to Windows 7 keeping software..... your system becomes slow and unstable.
While isn't a root method for Xperia Z3, you still can flash a new rom from scratch saving your app data with Helium, this is like titanium backup, but without root. just read and learn.
PS: I'm sure that this is the last firmware update untill lollypop.
regards.
iBuzman said:
^^ confirmed - I am running 6653 firmware 1288-4247 23.0.1.A.5.77 R9B. downloaded from Xperifirm and flashed his morning. (unlocked BL, also flashed custom kernel & re-rooted.)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So which version did u DL? I can only see Israel or german
caqo71 said:
Nevermind, I just saw the number one (23.0.1.A.1.49), but still this firmware is older than 23.0.1.A.5.77 acording to sony firmware numeration.
firmware 23.0.1.A.5.77 is for both 6603 and 6653. just check Xperifirm.
here is the correct order:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What's new with 23.0.1.A.5.77? Up until now i can't find the changelog for that firmware..
Edit:
I've got the changelog now:
Update: Sony has posted the following changelog for this update:
– Enhanced audio volume in notifications and ringtones
– New Xperia™ camera app: Portrait retouch
– Improved Exchange ActiveSync performance
– Fine-tuned audio for speakerphone
– Stability and performance improvement
http://support.sonymobile.com/global-en/xperiaz3/software/
jbisana89 said:
What's new with 23.0.1.A.5.77? Up until now i can't find the changelog for that firmware..
Edit:
I've got the changelog now:
Update: Sony has posted the following changelog for this update:
– Enhanced audio volume in notifications and ringtones
– New Xperia™ camera app: Portrait retouch
– Improved Exchange ActiveSync performance
– Fine-tuned audio for speakerphone
– Stability and performance improvement
http://support.sonymobile.com/global-en/xperiaz3/software/
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The downside is that this firmware drains more battery
caqo71 said:
The downside is that this firmware drains more battery
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
how bad is the battery drain? is it that noticeable? if so, i'm holding off in updating because i'm really loving the battery life of this phone.
rotsloeh said:
how bad is the battery drain? is it that noticeable? if so, i'm holding off in updating because i'm really loving the battery life of this phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Battery life improved for me especially standby time now draining at most 3% overnight as opposed to 5 before.
I wonder how different this update is to the other one people r getting. I have the same features and it still won't update anymore
The Sony Xperia Z is a touchscreen enabled high-end Android smartphone designed, developed and marketed by Sony.
The phone was announced by Sony at CES 2013 and was released on 9 February 2013 in Japan and 1 March 2013 in Singapore and the UK. The Xperia Z was initially shipped with the Android 4.1.2 (Jelly Bean) operating system. The smartphone has Ingress Protection Ratings of IP55 and IP57, making it dust protected, low pressure water jet protected, and waterproof, which allows for immersion under 1 metre of water for up to 30 minutes, and features a 13.1 MP Exmor RS camera sensor as well as a full HD (1080p) display, encompassed in Sony's 'Omni-Balance' Design.
Pre-requisites:
Before we go any further, Please check your phone model number by going to Settings -> about phone -> Model number, If yours match this Number C6603, Then you are good to go.
Make sure your phone's battery is above 50% charge.
Original USB cable.
How to update your Sony Xperia Z C6603 to Android Lollipop 5.1.1?
To make sure Sony drivers will install properly on your PC, Download the latest version of Sony PC Companion from here and install it.
Download Flashtool from here and install it.
Download Sony FTF file from one of the links provided below :
Generic India (Customized IN) AndroidHost - AndroidFileHost
Generic Italy (Customized IT) AndroidHost - AndroidFileHost
Generic Saudi Arabia (Customized SA) AndroidHost - AndroidFileHost
Generic Singapore (Customized SG) AndroidHost - AndroidFileHost
Generic Ukraine (Customized UA) AndroidHost - AndroidFileHost
Now go to C:Flashtool and run Flashtool.exe, Click on the Flash icon in the left, Select Flashmode and press OK.
From the source folder in the top navigate to the folder where you downloaded the FTF file earlier and press OK.
Select the FTF file from the Firmware menu and click Flash.
Now wait until a window prompts asking you to plug your phone with USB cable.
Power off your device.
Press the volume down button and plug the USB cable, The update should begin...
Wait until the update is completed, Unplug the USB cable and reboot your device.
The first boot should take some time...
Now you have successfully update your phone.
Source: My Blog Sonyfirmware.com
Thankss
Good, thx for sharing. I was just looking for some Asia FTF.
jerryhou85 said:
Good, thx for sharing. I was just looking for some Asia FTF.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yup, You welcome, Need any Generic version contact me.
When will be avaliable the generic eu version via ota? Tks
jerryhou85 said:
Good, thx for sharing. I was just looking for some Asia FTF.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
you may use the one from Singapore, thanks to the best community for bringing up the best for everyone... keep it up!!!:good:
Generic Germany (Customized DE) can be found at
http://androidhost.org/J6g8Z
https://mega.nz/#!1l0GmbYR!JLBH2wyV6quvVtkdK5vTvdfRlsgzmdA7vBSYbsFe5UU
cranknet said:
Yup, You welcome, Need any Generic version contact me.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Dear Cranknet,
If the French version is available I will be more than happy to upgrade it
thanks for your efforts
chrisftlse said:
Dear Cranknet,
If the French version is available I will be more than happy to upgrade it
thanks for your efforts
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The french version is not available at the moment, You can use XperiFirm to check.
Anyone happen to have a Generic HK ftf?
i find it hard 2 believe that the z has had seven software upgrades in its 2 year life!
my samsung galaxy note and xperia x10 both only had 1 or none.
thanks sony
How about c6606
I'm using c6606 and it's running c6603 lolipop 5.0.2, I wonder that should i update to c6603 5.1.1? Or I can choose to update to c6616 5.1.1
slatt01 said:
i find it hard 2 believe that the z has had seven software upgrades in its 2 year life!
my samsung galaxy note and xperia x10 both only had 1 or none.
thanks sony
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's SONY's first true "Flagship", so...
Thread closed at OP request for dead links.