Related
After i flashed Kao Droid, my N7 cant boot to system, it just reset to recovery mod. Althoughi tried to wipe data, cache, davilk ...., but it cant boot to system. I read some forums, but all of them say same way " need to boot to bootloader" . I really scared, i just bought my N7 a few days. Please help me (
If you can boot into recovery, i guess that you already have try to flash again the ROM.
Don´t you make a nandroid backup before? Coz you could try to restore it...
Anyways, it seems that all you need to do is flash a bootloader. Maybe you can do it with the toolkit (i don´t know) or if not, just flash the bootloader using fastboot commands, search in the forum and you´ll find the way
Raisone said:
Anyways, it seems that all you need to do is flash a bootloader. Maybe you can do it with the toolkit (i don´t know) or if not, just flash the bootloader using fastboot commands, search in the forum and you´ll find the way
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You need the bootloader to use fastboot, if he borked it chances are hes gonna have to exchange/RMA
i dont know how to put a rom file on storage of N7 while i cant boot to system. Can you let me know? Please.
P/s: My English is not good, i'm so sorry
Can you get into the bootloader?
i think you are saying you CAN Boot into recovery.. im going to assume cwm..
once in cwm go into i think advance and then mount usb storage. (im using twrp and kinda cant get in my mind where its at in cwm)
Anyway plug usb to the computer and mount as storage. ADB Should work from within recovery. Then use adb from cmd prompt on your (assuming windows computer ) and push a new rom. to the sdcard. unmount the usb storage and flash the rom.. You might have to reboot- recovery..
if you do not know .how to do the above google how to mount usb from recovery and adb push commands..
There is another post with exact instructions.. myself and several others have done this not thinking and wiping out our data/ media then not having a rom to flash ..
wugs tool kit will also fix this for you . but i recommend doing some research and using adb..
if you are afraid of a cmd prompt . look for qtadb.. its a good place for newbie to start .. it looks kinda like a ftp client..
Good Luck .
hold the power button down for 10-15 seconds, and press volume down at tge same time. that should get you into your bootloader.
Thanks everybody for help me. I will try. If i have other problems i will ask later. Thanks again
I ****ed up my phone today I did full wipe (formatted internal storage too, so i can't flash any rom in recovery because there is nothing) and now i've been searching hours someone who can help me? In TWRP i can't mount anything to my pc (i do not know why?) AND adb says me "devices not found" or something like that so can't push any zip-file to my phone via adb sideload. Is there any way to reapir my phone? can someone help me? Thanks alot!
There was a bug in a bunch of recent twrp releases that causes adb to not work in recovery. Patched versions have been made, try finding one for your device.
Added:
If you can't find a patched version, flash cwm or philz recovery with fastboot, adb is working on both of those. You just need a rrcovery image and do
"fastboot flash recovery <recovery-file>.img"
In fastboot mode.
let's try it out!
nvan7891 said:
There was a bug in a bunch of recent twrp releases that causes adb to not work in recovery. Patched versions have been made, try finding one for your device.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So u mean i need to flash new recovery version? how i can do it when my adb isn't workin? thanks!
alkkade said:
I ****ed up my phone today I did full wipe (formatted internal storage too, so i can't flash any rom in recovery because there is nothing) and now i've been searching hours someone who can help me? In TWRP i can't mount anything to my pc (i do not know why?) AND adb says me "devices not found" or something like that so can't push any zip-file to my phone via adb sideload. Is there any way to reapir my phone? can someone help me? Thanks alot!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i dont know how to fix your problem but i know how u can change the devices not found
install on your computer pdanet driver.
p.s.
i ****ed up my phone as well today i publish a post i will be thankfull if look on my problem.thanks.
alkkade said:
So u mean i need to flash new recovery version? how i can do it when my adb isn't workin? thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
See the edit to my first response. Fastboot is done in fastboot mode, not recovery, so you should be good. You just need the basic .img file of cwm or philz recovery.
If you are on win 7 try this:
http://adbdriver.com/downloads/
(Adb driver installer)
Run it when you turn adb sideload on in G2 and connect it to PC.
If it fails you still can go buy somewhere USB OTG cable (few bucks) and flash ROM from usb stick like me.
It appears that accessing fastboot pn the lg g2 is not so simple. Sorta like samsung phone deal, where a manufacturer download is used instead. From what I gather, recovery might need to be wiped to access fastboot, which you could do from terminal in twrp, but thats risky. Apparently, a lot of people have gotten stuck in fastboot mode. Best bet would be to reflash stock firmware through lg download mode. Also see this thread for a method to return to stock firmware:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2432476
Once you are back to stock, just reroot and flash revovery, etc.
downloadmode should still work. go back to any kdz for your version
also source and versions post next time
Since someone accidently updated my rooted g2, i'm stuck in a cwm bootloop.
Whenever i boot the phone it always ends up in cwm.
When i connect the phone to my pc it doesn't detect it no matter what usb driver i install.
Is there anything i can do? (maybe a modified usb driver?)
I'm on windows 8.1 btw...
breezerx said:
Since someone accidently updated my rooted g2, i'm stuck in a cwm bootloop.
Whenever i boot the phone it always ends up in cwm.
When i connect the phone to my pc it doesn't detect it no matter what usb driver i install.
Is there anything i can do? (maybe a modified usb driver?)
I'm on windows 8.1 btw...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ey breezer,
Also see this thread.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2451696
If your phone is the whole time booting into recovery instead of OS I suggest to flash TWRP through clockworkmod recovery and then type the terminal commands in the TWRP recovery. Type it good and carefully cause the dd if command could wipe your whole phone, like the OP in that thread said it could nuke your phone(I didn't typed that command here cause I know that people with also maybe bad English would type that command). I hope that you still have maybe some old TWRP recovery in your storage or that you are maybe having some OTG micro sd reader or something like that? Cause If adb doesn't work in CWM then you could still maybe try Download mode and flash kdz but I don't know or it wipes the fota partition.
EDIT: Maybe also try to wipe cache in clockworkmod recovery? I never had this issue so I can't tell you exactly in steps how to fix it, especially in the clockworkmod recovery.
Hello. Sorry for my english. I want flash my phone via rootjoy to Arcatarc's MIUmIZERO and i only can see miui logo. next i want back to stock rom from needrom via sp flash tool, i followed instructions and i stop, when red status back not change for 20 minutes. and i can't charge my phone, can't conected to pc, can't turn on, looks like dead. How unbrick my phone? please help
problem solved
how did you solve it? please let me know as i am in the same boat
If it's stuck on the MIUI screen then it's possible the bootloader wasn't flashed properly.
If you can reboot the phone in fastboot you can flash the bootloader via PC.
it is dead . the phone wont turn on . the pc wont recognise it anymore , it was fine ... untill i tried to flash stock through sp flash tool .
i was running antarcts emui,.... tried flashing using the method on umi digi forum : http://umidigi.com/forums/topic/how-to-restore-rom-version-3-03-2/ ... preloader was unticked, and when i tried firmware uopgrade option...nothing happened, and the phone was dead after that.
thepopos said:
If it's stuck on the MIUI screen then it's possible the bootloader wasn't flashed properly.
If you can reboot the phone in fastboot you can flash the bootloader via PC.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I managed to make it boot.
The problem is I have twrp and some chinese recovery . And I cant go back to stock.
Fastboot cant flash recovery for some reason ... so I can go back to rootjoy.
use adb side load an try to flash a working rom, the original one from umi website or emui.
can you get in recovery mode? volume (+ or - try both) and power button for some seconds
if yes go adb side load, (check google) and transfer an original rom, then flash it again in the recovery
My Umi Zero is bricked, because I cannot mount /system. I can get into the TWRP, but I cannot do anything, even restore my backup because of this. Does anyone have idea what to do?
Pospa420 said:
My Umi Zero is bricked, because I cannot mount /system. I can get into the TWRP, but I cannot do anything, even restore my backup because of this. Does anyone have idea what to do?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If the system is unstable with popups etc or with damaged partitions you can get past that with TWRP.
Boot into recovery Wipe/Advanced Wipe. Then after that is completed, without rebooting, Format Data. That should sort out your partitions.
Then Install ROM from the recovery. It will need to be on the device. If your new ROM is not already there plug in a USB lead and transfer the zip file from your pc.
If you want to re-install your backup, do that instead.
If that doesn't work Backup in TWRP, even though there is no system. Then copy your Nandroid backup (must have been made via TWRP) and paste into the same folder as the Backup you just made, overwriting if asked.
I have had to do all this myself!
Good luck
Hi all!
I have the simular problem.
Umi Zero can not start.
But recovery seems to be working.
1) TWRP recovery 2.8.2
After full wipe, my TWRP recovery write "Unable to mount /SYSTEM"
The same message I have if I try to flash original 3.10 ROM via TWRP.
It is impossible to mount or format or repair SYSTEM via recovery
But it is possible to see files in FileManager and go to Fastboot and ADB mode
2) ADB and Fastboot mode.
Impossible to flash any partition.
"boot" - checksum error
"recovery" - "not support flash" message
"system" - filesystem created, start "erasing" and freeze. If I disconnect phone, have got message "failed (too many links)"
adb sideload does not work also
3) SP Flash Tool
I tried with full 3.10 ROM and with CRT 3.0 recovery
Download mode and Format+Download mode.
The same result: yellow bar finished and got message "Checksum error" or something like that.
All this experiments change nothing in phone. I still have TWRP recovery and "unable to mount /SYSTEM" message.
Any advices?
I am not English-speaking guy, as you guess), sorry.
It looks like memory become write-protected...
YrP said:
Hi all!
I have the simular problem.
Umi Zero can not start.
But recovery seems to be working.
1) TWRP recovery 2.8.2
After full wipe, my TWRP recovery write "Unable to mount /SYSTEM"
The same message I have if I try to flash original 3.10 ROM via TWRP.
It is impossible to mount or format or repair SYSTEM via recovery
But it is possible to see files in FileManager and go to Fastboot and ADB mode
2) ADB and Fastboot mode.
Impossible to flash any partition.
"boot" - checksum error
"recovery" - "not support flash" message
"system" - filesystem created, start "erasing" and freeze. If I disconnect phone, have got message "failed (too many links)"
adb sideload does not work also
3) SP Flash Tool
I tried with full 3.10 ROM and with CRT 3.0 recovery
Download mode and Format+Download mode.
The same result: yellow bar finished and got message "Checksum error" or something like that.
All this experiments change nothing in phone. I still have TWRP recovery and "unable to mount /SYSTEM" message.
Any advices?
I am not English-speaking guy, as you guess), sorry.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi
Did you Advance Wipe and Format Data?
I found that worked.
Alternatively, you could use Rootjoy to put just about any ROM on. CM 12.1 works ok.
Once you have a stable installation, install a custom recovery like TWRP 2.8.7 from Needrom. I used Mobileuncle, an app from the Playstore. However, I looked just now and it doesn't seem to be available.
I have tried Rashr, but couldn't get it to work.
Once you have it all stable you can flash the ROM you really want via TWRP.
Good luck
Advance Wipe and Format Data or flashing new stable ROM via TWRP did not work for me. The same result- unable to mount /system.
Rootjoy and Mobileuncle could be used if phone is working. My phone works in recovery mode only.
I tried to flash different recoveries but did not find the way to do this. As I wrote, Sp Flash Tool, Fastboot and Adb Sideload did not make any changes to my recovery. I think, flash new recovery will help if I found the way)
Or if I discover the method to test and\or repair /system partition from PC
But thank you for answer)
@YrP
Rootjoy works from your pc
Yes, Rootjoy- works)
But for establish connection phone must work too.
And not in recovery mode.
@YrP
I have already done all this with my daughter's Zero.
However, it's in bits at the moment while we wait for a part from China. So I can't go through the process with you live, step by step.
I am in the UK.
If you send the phone to me I will try and fix it for you.
PM me if you want to go ahead and I will let you have my address.
I am in Ukraine, it is too far from UK)
I will keep trying to find the way to fix it by myself.
But thank you very much for your attention and advices.
@YrP
I have got my daughter's phone back together and fixed (mostly).
Did you manage to get your Zero going?
Sent from my Nexus 4 using XDA-Developers mobile app
@goldbear
My UMI is still bricked(
It is flash memory problem, I think.
I am trying to find the tool to remap internal memory, to move SYSTEM part to other physical place. But did not find it yet.
What was your way?
Zero stutters, processes crash or the phone will not boot into System
Have you already tried a Factory Reset or re-installed the ROM?
What can you do?
You could try the following. However, if your phone blows up, orders a takeaway or elopes with your girl-friend, please don’t blame me.
1. Provided you already have TWRP custom recovery installed and your phone is powered down boot into Recovery: hold the volume down and power buttons until the Zero logo appears then let go
2. Select Wipe/Advanced and select Dalvik Cache, System, Cache and Data. Slide to execute
3. Select Format Data/ type yes and slide to execute
4. Reboot into Recovery without installing a new ROM
5. Select Backup, choose SD card rather than internal storage and give the file a memorable title like Blank Backup and date. Select Boot, Logo, Recovery and Uboot. Slide to execute
6. The next step requires you to have a Nandroid backup made via TWRP already made of a stable ROM. If it isn’t stable or you don’t have one I have attached a clean backup below. It’s derived from Cyanogen Mod 12.1. This is based on Lollipop 5.1, with Gapps and rooted. I have found this to work. As the title of the file suggests, it’s a factory reset, ie no personal data included. Download it to your pc unzip and save it.
7. Connect your phone to your pc via USB cable and open Windows Explorer
8. Find your stable backup or the one below and drill down until you see the folder with 15 files, starting with data.info and ending with uboot.emmc.win. Select all and Copy.
9. Open another window and find the TWRP folder on the SC card of your phone. Drill down to the same folder containing similar files as to step 8 above. Click in folder and Paste. When prompted select Copy and Replace, all and Ok
10. If your pc doesn’t show your phone and the SD card, in recovery select Mount and USB storage.
11. In Recovery select Restore and the Blank Backup (or whatever file name you gave it, now populated with usable ‘data’). Slide to execute
12. Give it time to load and boot up
13. You should be good to go!
If you don’t like CM 12.1 installing a new Launcher from the Playstore, like Cheetah will make it run smoother. Everything after that is down to you.
Of course, you could flash another ROM via TWRP
The backup below was made via TWRP 2.8.6. This is also attached below. You can install this via a previous version of TWRP as an image. Unzip it first.
Assuming this doesn’t wreck your phone and you like the guide please click Thanks below.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByoLjFrSKxLwc01UUWZBZEQtbWs/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByoLjFrSKxLweGhqNGJuVGV1a0U/view?usp=sharing
Hi, I already had my phone rooted and with TWRP installed, but I needed to restore my phone. First I did this trough the system, but I noted that a lot of old files still were there, and I went to TWRP and did a wipe, but selected /system and /cache, now I don't have a OS on my phone.
The phone doesn't turn off, everytime I try to power off, he turn on again, and stay on Lenovo logo. The only thing I can acess is Fastboot mode (via Power down + power), I cant acess TWRP trough the phone, but I found a .bat file, that when I'm in fastboot mode, it flashes twrp on my phone and I can acess it . The other problem is that I always get an error when trying to flash any rom. Things like Error:255 or ".zip file not valid". Tried 2 roms and nothing.
Can someone please help me? I would prefer a stock rom for Brazil, but now I just want any rom, dont even mind if it's not stock.
Crolys said:
Hi, I already had my phone rooted and with TWRP installed, but I needed to restore my phone. First I did this trough the system, but I noted that a lot of old files still were there, and I went to TWRP and did a wipe, but selected /system and /cache, now I don't have a OS on my phone.
The phone doesn't turn off, everytime I try to power off, he turn on again, and stay on Lenovo logo. The only thing I can acess is Fastboot mode (via Power down + power), I cant acess TWRP trough the phone, but I found a .bat file, that when I'm in fastboot mode, it flashes twrp on my phone and I can acess it . The other problem is that I always get an error when trying to flash any rom. Things like Error:255 or ".zip file not valid". Tried 2 roms and nothing.
Can someone please help me? I would prefer a stock rom for Brazil, but now I just want any rom, dont even mind if it's not stock.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Error 255 is caused because you are trying to install a 64bit ROM over TWRP (32bits), you need to upgrade TWRP to 64bit, just so you will be able to install a ROM. Remember that you should use Gapps in 64bit [ARM64]
TWRP: https://dl.twrp.me/karate/twrp-3.1.1-1-karate.img
Gapps: http://opengapps.org/ (ARM64)
J.D.M said:
Error 255 is caused because you are trying to install a 64bit ROM over TWRP (32bits), you need to upgrade TWRP to 64bit, just so you will be able to install a ROM. Remember that you should use Gapps in 64bit [ARM64]
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I already had this version of twrp, but downloaded anyway and got the same error when tring to sideload a ROM "Updater process ended with ERROR: 255" . I don't know what to do anymore, I tried with 4 different ROMs, also I searched for a method to erase the lines with asserts on "update-scripts" in META-INF, but then I got a "Invalid ZIP file" error.
Crolys said:
I already had this version of twrp, but downloaded anyway and got the same error when tring to sideload a ROM "Updater process ended with ERROR: 255" . I don't know what to do anymore, I tried with 4 different ROMs, also I searched for a method to erase the lines with asserts on "update-scripts" in META-INF, but then I got a "Invalid ZIP file" error.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try to go back to the 32bits version and erase everything and format the data and return to the 64bit version because here I had this problem it was because of the TWRP that I was using, it was the 32bits version, after that I upgraded to the 64bits version I did not have this problem. Remembering that in the site https://dl.twrp.me/karate/ has two versions of TWRP, the version twrp-3.1.1-0-karate.img is 32bits and the version twrp-3.1.1-1-karate. img is 64bit.
J.D.M said:
Try to go back to the 32bits version and erase everything and format the data and return to the 64bit version because here I had this problem it was because of the TWRP that I was using, it was the 32bits version, after that I upgraded to the 64bits version I did not have this problem.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, that kinda worked(?), now I have another error it says that my firmware is incompatible with the ROM version, and I need to update it (I dont know how to do this), and give me ERROR: 7 now
Crolys said:
Well, that kinda worked(?), now I have another error it says that my firmware is incompatible with the ROM version, and I need to update it (I dont know how to do this), and give me ERROR: 7 now
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
MAN, the ERROR: 7 now could be solved by deleting the lines with ASSERT in "\META-INF\com\google\android\updater-script".
So, thanks for helping me, the problem with 64/32bits worked. I'm really glad that this worked, had stuck for 3 days without OS, now i'm never messing with this stuff again haha.
Crolys said:
MAN, the ERROR: 7 now could be solved by deleting the lines with ASSERT in "\META-INF\com\google\android\updater-script".
So, thanks for helping me, the problem with 64/32bits worked. I'm really glad that this worked, had stuck for 3 days without OS, now i'm never messing with this stuff again haha.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've been researching and was going to tell you to delete the above lines mentioned, I am glad you have succeeded.
got same 255 error,just now i reflashed stock rom and issue resolved
vasu009 said:
got same 255 error,just now i reflashed stock rom and issue resolved
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
how did you reflashed the stock rom, please reply cause im stuck with the twrp and unable to do it. my phone doesn't have an os now
what s the password of the trwp
J.D.M said:
I've been researching and was going to tell you to delete the above lines mentioned, I am glad you have succeeded.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can install this ROM on any Lenovo K6 Power device ??
dushd95 said:
Can install this ROM on any Lenovo K6 Power device ??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah
J.D.M said:
Yeah
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It says device not supported why??
Dont forget to reboot again into twrp - after flashing 64bit twrp . This is a step that is very important if you will not reboot your phone into twrp after flashing 64 bit twrp then , it will keep showin you the error 255.
So check that .
wacccim said:
what s the password of the trwp
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Go for 3.2.1.0 it is better then 3.1.1.1 in 64 bits it ain't ask password i use it to flash all roms
Tere 3.1.1-1 asking for password to encrypt data
I flashed my Lenovo k6 power with twrp 3.1.1-1 after I was not able to flash crdroid,lineage is,pixelized stock ROM to my phone. Now the twrp is asking for password to encrypt data and I am surprised because I hadn't set a password. I tried to unlock it with my phone password but I it is saying to enter correct password.
Please someone help me. I am not able to flash other things too please somebody help me.:
Erase the data
Shrestha Kumar said:
I flashed my Lenovo k6 power with twrp 3.1.1-1 after I was not able to flash crdroid,lineage is,pixelized stock ROM to my phone. Now the twrp is asking for password to encrypt data and I am surprised because I hadn't set a password. I tried to unlock it with my phone password but I it is saying to enter correct password.
Please someone help me. I am not able to flash other things too please somebody help me.:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Use erase the data from wipe option then you will be able to install rom and g-apps.
Every time you will need password, I don't know why but after erasing data you install all files otherwise you need to erase data again and again
Crolys said:
Hi, I already had my phone rooted and with TWRP installed, but I needed to restore my phone. First I did this trough the system, but I noted that a lot of old files still were there, and I went to TWRP and did a wipe, but selected /system and /cache, now I don't have a OS on my phone.
The phone doesn't turn off, everytime I try to power off, he turn on again, and stay on Lenovo logo. The only thing I can acess is Fastboot mode (via Power down + power), I cant acess TWRP trough the phone, but I found a .bat file, that when I'm in fastboot mode, it flashes twrp on my phone and I can acess it . The other problem is that I always get an error when trying to flash any rom. Things like Error:255 or ".zip file not valid". Tried 2 roms and nothing.
Can someone please help me? I would prefer a stock rom for Brazil, but now I just want any rom, dont even mind if it's not stock.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I Faced same problem. It's ok that your phone is in weird state for time now. And also possible to recover.
Hopefully you have adb-tool, custom-rom & gapp, twrp.img on your PC.
1) Boot your mobile in fastmode using Power ON with Volume down key for 5 sec (Lenovo log with left hand side sayinh fastboot mode)
2) Connect the mobile to PC using USB & Go to adb tool folder. Open command prompt in this folder & Execute the follow step by step execution
fastboot oem reboot-recovery
3)Wait for mobile to boot in to recovery mode with TWRP
Now need to flash custom-rom followed by gapps installion.
I) You can use pendrive with otg to flash custom-rom followed by gapps
OR
II)You can use phone storage/SD card to flash the custom-rom followed by gapps
OR
III)adb sideload command as fallow
a)In TWRP recovery on mobile, goto Adavanced->ADB Sideload & Swipe to start the sideload
Now on PC execute . Specify custom rom path inside ""
adb sideload "C:\adb\images\MyCustomROM.zip"
Have a patience to complete the operation.
Click back for Adavanced Menu again.
b) Select ADB Sideload & Swipe to start the sideload
Now on PC execute . Specify Gapp path inside ""
adb sideload "C:\adb\images\open_gapps-arm-7.1-pico-20180611.zip"
c)Have a patience to complete the operation.
Once complete go to TWRP Screen.
d)Now go back TWRP main menu & select wipe->format Data.
Go to Reboot->system.
How to install TWRP if no OS there
1) Boot your mobile in fastmode using Power ON with Volume down key for 5 sec (Lenovo log with left hand side sayinh fastboot mode)
2) Connect the mobile to PC using USB & Go to adb tool folder. Open command prompt in this folder & Execute the follow step by step execution
a) To check the device is connected to PC or not
fastboot oem device-info
b) To flash the recovery. Give twrp path inside the ""
fastboot flash recovery "C:\adb\images\twrp.img"
c) To boot into recovery mode
fastboot oem reboot-recovery
---------- Post added at 10:03 PM ---------- Previous post was at 09:57 PM ----------
[/COLOR]
Shrestha Kumar said:
I flashed my Lenovo k6 power with twrp 3.1.1-1 after I was not able to flash crdroid,lineage is,pixelized stock ROM to my phone. Now the twrp is asking for password to encrypt data and I am surprised because I hadn't set a password. I tried to unlock it with my phone password but I it is saying to enter correct password.
Please someone help me. I am not able to flash other things too please somebody help me.:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In my case, It worked with PIN.