Strange Issue with Backlit of Keys on my Defy - Defy Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

Hello Guys,
I am having strange issues with backlit of buttons of my Defy.
Backlight was working fine till I was having MS2Ginger ported on my Defy. Then one day i decided to port ICS on my defy. So went ahead and put Epy's CM9. That time backlight was high.
light worked correctly for around 10 days but then light of middle two keys(Home and back) went off... I thought i have burnt the LED's beneath... So i immediately lowered the brightness settings for keys. Then i ported Quarx CM10 in July... Again same case, both of those keys were still down.
This continued till last week when all of a sudden back-lit of Menu key also gone.. I was thinking to take it to Moto care but then again next morning to my surprise, middle two keys got backlit again but lost backlit of search keys... I was wondering what happen, then it started again....
So currently only 3 lights are working Home, Back and search....
Do anyone else have faced such issues?
Regards,
Sam

Get it to the SC. Its a hardware issue.

Needn't really be a hardware problem. Lots of people have reported this issue on Cm9. Could be a bug.
Defy+ 1.1GHz V6 SuperCharged
Running Quarx's CM9

ashoks89 said:
Needn't really be a hardware problem. Lots of people have reported this issue on Cm9. Could be a bug.
Defy+ 1.1GHz V6 SuperCharged
Running Quarx's CM9
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's no bug, since it still persists after a flash back to a stock rom.
The custom roms were likely using a higher brightness value and the backlights just died, which could have happened after a longer time on a stock rom as well.
My home button backlight isn't lit anymore either, but the button itself is still working. It's rather a cosmetic problem, so no reason for me to send it off to the repair service.

I bought a used Defy which seems to be also affected by this issue. There the "search" button is not backlit, the others are. It had the Stock ROM on it although I don't know what the previous owner did with it. In fact he only used the Stock ROM this might be a CM-unrelated hardware problem.

Kaffeekranz said:
It's no bug, since it still persists after a flash back to a stock rom.
The custom roms were likely using a higher brightness value and the backlights just died, which could have happened after a longer time on a stock rom as well.
My home button backlight isn't lit anymore either, but the button itself is still working. It's rather a cosmetic problem, so no reason for me to send it off to the repair service.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I agree with you!! My Green lens defy has the same issue as home button is almost the black and the back button has very light backlit, the other two keys works fine. I guess that this is because of the over brightness values set by some ROM. I tried flashing the Stock Froyo 2.2.2 ROM and the issue still the same. :good:
Any one have any other idea??

Rajneeshgadge17 said:
I agree with you!! My Green lens defy has the same issue as home button is almost the black and the back button has very light backlit, the other two keys works fine. I guess that this is because of the over brightness values set by some ROM. I tried flashing the Stock Froyo 2.2.2 ROM and the issue still the same. :good:
Any one have any other idea??
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can either send it to repair or replace (if you can) the LED's. Its a hardware issue n there could be a no. of reasons for that including high values.

Which means even my backlights have burnt out I was hoping against hope that it was a bug! But then again, it's just a cosmetic issue. I can deal with that. Cuz this phone's super cool!
Defy+ 1.1GHz V6 SuperCharged
Running Quarx's CM9

ashoks89 said:
Which means even my backlights have burnt out I was hoping against hope that it was a bug! But then again, it's just a cosmetic issue. I can deal with that. Cuz this phone's super cool!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I also though earlier that my backlights LED have burnt... But they are randomly working... Surprisingly from last 2 days all of my LED's are working fine....:good:
I was also reluctant to send my phone for MOTO SC for a week or two for such small issues....

Guys,I found that this is not really is a hardware issue as everytime i use 2nd init for flashing new nightly all light work properly....

when i tried to dim backlights in cm9 settings 2 months back all lights went off. after flashing some other rom and kernel all worked properly.
at present i am on cm10 and never touched backlight settings, its working fine.
my friend tried to reduce backlight on his defy on cm10, he also lost lights. after doing all exercise what i did, he never regained lights till today.
point to be noted - when we go to backlight settings and move the slider the lights are seen (1 with full intensity and 3 with low intensity) and after leaving settings they never lit.
so it might be some software issue.

good news! lights are working after flashing 2.9.2012 cm10 quarx mb525. try your luck !!!

sasays said:
good news! lights are working after flashing 2.9.2012 cm10 quarx mb525. try your luck !!!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes they were working for me as well but they were too bright..... So went to button brightness and messed things again....
Now again only two of them are working.....

Related

Vertical Lines on EVO.. Pic Inside

Has anyone else seen this on their screens or know how to fix this or why its happening?
Using Myns Rom, with Battery Tweak, etc etc
What?????????????????????
Actually no pic, the screen shot didnt get the vertical lines..
If the software isn't catching lines, then it's your screen.
Some hardware has lower tolerances with battery tweaks, voltages, etc. Try putting a stock kernel back on it and see if that fixes it.
Sent from my PC36100 using XDA App
i had this issue at first when i was running myns twopointtwo.
i'd boot up and have vertical lines everywhere. If i hit the power button to lock the screen, wait a sec, then hit it again to unlock it the screen would be fine. problem would not reappear at all. its like a momentary glitch i guess.
hope this helps
I have had this issue as well with various Roms lately. After turning the screen off and on it would go away. I've also had other issues such as the phone starting up in car dock mode after a reset, screen auto rotatating even though it's disabled and my media volume not going down after being turned all the way up. I have wiped data, cache, dalvik various times and even ran the latest RUU to start all over but the issues still continue. Anybody else having similar issues ?
nerdmanpap said:
i had this issue at first when i was running myns twopointtwo.
i'd boot up and have vertical lines everywhere. If i hit the power button to lock the screen, wait a sec, then hit it again to unlock it the screen would be fine. problem would not reappear at all. its like a momentary glitch i guess.
hope this helps
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Same here. Lock the screen, wait a bit, unlock and it stops. Annoying but no big deal really.
Yeah Same thing with me, I turned off the screen and it went away, so weird but it fixed it for now
I forgot, after I saw that , I went into recovery and erased cache, dalvich, etc then I flashed Baked Snackk 1.8 on and still had the issue until I turned screen off then back on... weird
Seems like a lot of us are having the same issue wondering if anyone remmembers when they first saw this happen so we might narrow down the cause to this issue. Mine started after i flashed xxbabiboi228xx rom with kings kernal 11. At first i though it was due to the transition animations, but now i see it no matter what i flash. Not blaming xxbabiboi228xx rom, hes rom is bad ass. Am just pointing out when i first saw this happen.
Sent from my PC36100 using Tapatalk
nerdmanpap said:
i had this issue at first when i was running myns twopointtwo.
i'd boot up and have vertical lines everywhere. If i hit the power button to lock the screen, wait a sec, then hit it again to unlock it the screen would be fine. problem would not reappear at all. its like a momentary glitch i guess.
hope this helps
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Had the same issue.
its the screen technology.
I JUST exchanged my evo for another brand new one (still within 30 days)
because i had lines going down my screen (Novatech screen).
They were faint yellow lines evenly spread. Got my New evo today and got a different screen (Epson). This screen also has vertical lines.
At the sprint store the 2 evo's on display had the lines however one of them was almost not visible unless u tried to look for it. The other Evo on display looked like mine.
So unless you guys know somethign i dont, i believe this is hardware related.
Theres other forums confirming this.
Both my evo's had hardware 003 but first one was a novatech and this one is a epson.
Novatech screen does look better.
Has anyone found what the issue with this is? I get vertical lines no matter what ROM I flash. I does not happen with the stock RRU ROM though. Got a replacement phone with an EPSON HW 003. Help!
I had the same problem and I found out its the kernal if you have hardware 003 like I do I just use the stock kernal from fresh
Sent from my PC36100 using XDA App
Weird, I have an 003 nova on Fresh 3.4.0.1 and tested the various kernel offerings on here, but been lucky enough not to see this. Is this kinda like the whole screen tearing issue with certain kernels?
mizzos4 said:
Weird, I have an 003 nova on Fresh 3.4.0.1 and tested the various kernel offerings on here, but been lucky enough not to see this. Is this kinda like the whole screen tearing issue with certain kernels?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Not sure. I had an 003 before also with an Epson screen which worked flawlessly with any ROM or Kernel I flashed on it. But I guess every phone is different.
Gotta learn to live with it..
mizzos4 said:
Weird, I have an 003 nova on Fresh 3.4.0.1 and tested the various kernel offerings on here, but been lucky enough not to see this. Is this kinda like the whole screen tearing issue with certain kernels?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm fairly certain the tearing and screen lines/corruption are related.
When I first got my phone a month or so ago, I tried a few different ROMs and kernels. All of the kingx and netarchy kernels I tried exhibited screen tearing, and would more than occasionally exhibit the screen lines/corruption you mentioned . . . sometimes even starting at the boot animation screen.
I was worried I got a bum phone (it was only the second day I had it, so I was a bit noobish) but I flashed the stock kernel (HTC #11) and never had the problem again.
Since then, I've tried a couple newer versions of those custom kernels, and wind up reverting back to an HTC kernel (also tried 10 and what's the latest one? 17?) due to the screen tearing. They just don't like my particular hardware I guess (003 with the Epson panel).
I am also having this same issue, but I am using a stock rom and a flashed kernel.
I had the momentary thing once, don't remember the circumstances, but screen lock / unlock fixed and it hasn't returned. Flashed cm6.1rc1 and after about 20 min. I got real bad, very uneven vert lines plus a flicker that persisted even after reboot. I nanded back to Azrael 2.5 and started using LPP instead of Sense - not CM, but better than the screen from hell! No screen trubs since.
Sent from my PC36100 using XDA App

[UPD][Tracking] Andriod HD2 Open Issues

Let us track the OPEN issues on Android HD2, we will only discuss problems dealing with android alone, issues arised due to radio, WinMo rom and a specific android rom should be ignored.
AFAIK we still have 3 main Problems
1. GSensor/ Touchscreen Freeze.
Related Files in Android : \system\bin\akmd,\data\misc\AK8973Prms.txt and \system\lib\hw\sensors.xxxxx.so
(xxxxx = htcleo or default or qsd8k or ace or bravo based on the build)
This issue is not noticeable unless you a play game which uses Gsensor (Eg Abduction, NFS Shift ...)
This thread has lot more details about this issue and it could be a possible solution for you (it does not work for me though)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=803242
Possible Workaround :
1. Disable Auto-Rotate screen in Settings -> Display
2. Run the following commands in Terminal
mv \system\bin\akmd \system\bin\akmd2
killall akmd
To Restore
mv \system\bin\akmd2 \system\bin\akmd
Basically you are renaming the file 'akmd' which is responsible for the sensor to work
2. Data Disconnects
Related Files : \system\lib\libhtc_ril_wrapper.so
This thread has lot more details about this issue and it could be a possible solution for you (it does not work for me though)
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=794309
Possible Workaround :
1. Switch Mobile Network OFF and then ON (Add a widget [Widget -> Settings -> Mobile Network])
2. Switch Airplane Mode OFF and then ON (Add a widget [Widget -> Settings -> Airplane Mode])
[EDIT]:
Guys looks like we got a fix.. this wrapper seems to work flawlessly as of now... you can try it here...
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=824413
Just download 0.3 file and replace the file at /system/lib using root explorer
3. Occasional Black SOD and Accuracy in Auto Brightness
Newest kernals seems to have this issue, where the display stays black while the keypad lights glow.
Related Files : \system\lib\hw\lights.xxxxx.so
(xxxxx = htcleo or default or qsd8k or ace or bravo based on the build)
Possible Workaround :
1. Show the Sensor of your phone to some bright light source and your display will be back
2. Disable Automatic brightness in Settings -> Display-> Brightness
I will update this thread with Solutions as and when the developers fix it.
Whatever i have written is limited to my knowledge, it could be wrong, if so please correct me, Most of the vetarans know these issues and the work arounds, i have just put everything together for the new comers and to remind the developers of the existing bugs
Mods feel free to move the thread to General if need be.
Hi depakjan, This is great, thanks for tracking these issues.
can people confirm this "occasional bsod"?
i haven't seen it since light-sensor is calibrated.
i think the bsod is fixed with 2.12 radio and above..
Actually BSOD was introduced in the new lights file... it does not occur frequently... also if you have not upgraded you wont have it obviously...
depakjan said:
Actually BSOD was introduced in the new lights file... it does not occur frequently... also if you have not upgraded you wont have it obviously...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just so people don't get confused.
BSOD normally refers to the Blue Screen Of Death on boot and should be fixed in the latest kernels.
The black screen due to no back-light is an issue with the auto-brightness and, AFAIK, only happens on CM6 builds that haven't had the correct levels setup.
I could be wrong though as I personally only used it for a few days for testing purposes.
Sent from my HTC HD2
hastarin said:
Just so people don't get confused.
BSOD normally refers to the Blue Screen Of Death on boot and should be fixed in the latest kernels.
The black screen due to no back-light is an issue with the auto-brightness and, AFAIK, only happens on CM6 builds that haven't had the correct levels setup.
I could be wrong though as I personally only used it for a few days for testing purposes.
Sent from my HTC HD2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I second that explanation ... and the auto backlight levels in CM builds may actually work better than Desire builds if tweaked properly... atleast for me the reaction time of the sensor is much faster ... accuracy still a problem
Accuracy is still a problem, so is Black SOD .. i have been getting this in Mdeejay's Revolution, HD .. latest ones...
it so happens when you have been talking over your phone for a long time(which blocks the sensor from light).. and then when you are finished with the call it wont wake up... maybe it did not sense light ... but after you show the sensors over a bright light source.. it comes back..
i have seen couple of posts and users mentioning about this...
lets see if everyone agrees that there is no Black SOD, i will modify the post for accuracy..
Support of HTC extended battery
I have tried a few android builds, but none of them seemed to support OEM HTC 2300mAH extended battery - after android booted up in the dual boot process, the HD2 powered-off by itself. I read some posts that acknowledged the problem, but I have not come across any android build that resolved this issue... Did I miss them? Thanks.
Can we also add tracking of Idle / Screen Off Battery Drain? Target is 5-8ma, some builds run at 100ma.
Is anyone's market busted?
Most apps won't install, but some do just fine. This started last night. I tested on 4 roms now and all exhibit identical behavior. This was NEVER an issue before.
(the stupid mount/unmount trick does nothing)
However, once they've d/led I can install them manually. Except for google voice. It refuses to install LOL. Google must have screwed something big here.
badmonopoly said:
Is anyone's market busted?
Most apps won't install, but some do just fine. This started last night. I tested on 4 roms now and all exhibit identical behavior. This was NEVER an issue before.
(the stupid mount/unmount trick does nothing)
However, once they've d/led I can install them manually. Except for google voice. It refuses to install LOL. Google must have screwed something big here.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There has been an issue internationally with access to the market for a while now. People were able to browse the market as normal but upon trying to install anything nothing would happen. This has been mentioned on several threads over this forum already and the problem is an intermittent one (obviously based on what server you connect to when trying to download anything).
Led Notification is not functioning, especially on Sense build.
backlight drivers are not working , it don't dim light when left without use (it closes the screen ) , as well as light sensor , doesn't dimm light only brightens the screen
jcc266 said:
I have tried a few android builds, but none of them seemed to support OEM HTC 2300mAH extended battery - after android booted up in the dual boot process, the HD2 powered-off by itself. I read some posts that acknowledged the problem, but I have not come across any android build that resolved this issue... Did I miss them? Thanks.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try replacing the kernel from one of the Sense builds with my Alternative kernel.
Sent from my HTC HD2
hastarin said:
Try replacing the kernel from one of the Sense builds with my Alternative kernel.
Sent from my HTC HD2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
. . . can I just 'tip my hat' to you hastarin . . . you 'd' man
And I'm hopeful that all the devs and chefs will have these problems solved before too long.
Viv la HD2 Android!
Reno_79 said:
There has been an issue internationally with access to the market for a while now. People were able to browse the market as normal but upon trying to install anything nothing would happen. This has been mentioned on several threads over this forum already and the problem is an intermittent one (obviously based on what server you connect to when trying to download anything).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What doesn't make any sense is that the app successfully downloads, but either stalls when it needs to d/l or tries to install and tell me it was unsuccessful.
hastarin said:
Just so people don't get confused.
BSOD normally refers to the Blue Screen Of Death on boot and should be fixed in the latest kernels.
The black screen due to no back-light is an issue with the auto-brightness and, AFAIK, only happens on CM6 builds that haven't had the correct levels setup.
I could be wrong though as I personally only used it for a few days for testing purposes.
Sent from my HTC HD2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've found the backlight problem occurs (generally) if I unlock/lock the phone fairly quickly in a short space of time (and yes, I've only seen this on Hyperdroid 1.6 & 1.7, both CM6 builds). It's not consistently reproduce-able though, I can go several days without it happening, then have it happen a couple of times in a single day.
The touch screen is still active though, and swiping the unlock brings the screen back to normal brightness levels.
Tyrion84 said:
Led Notification is not functioning, especially on Sense build.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Works for me..could be your build ....try some other build...
hoss_n2 said:
backlight drivers are not working , it don't dim light when left without use (it closes the screen ) , as well as light sensor , doesn't dimm light only brightens the screen
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
this is already covered in the third point as accuracy
Works for me..could be your build ....try some other build...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi!
I wonder what "works for me" means. What exactly are your leds doing? On all builds i tried so far the left green led flashed about one time a minute green and nothing happened when the phone was charging. Are there some hidden settings or a special program for hd2 leds?
Cheers,
Otto

Slider unlock sometimes doesn't work with incoming call

Once in a while when trying to answer an incoming call the unlock slider won't respond. I will slide my thumb to unlock and ...nothing. When this happens the call will just go to voicemail . The workaround is to touch the power button to turn off screen , then touch it again to wake it up ,then the slider will work and I can answer the call. Sometimes this takes too long and I miss the call.
This is not a deal-breaker as it only happens 5% of the time , still it is annoying. I have tried different roms with no real difference. Anybody else have this problem? Any advice other than get a new phone under warranty?
Ditto. And I always act as you did to work around the issue, only difference is, I haven't missed a call due to this.
In any case, based on experience, the chance of this happening could be minimized (if not eliminated) by always locking the phone from the "desktop" (e.g. do not lock the phone when an app is running).
BACK STORY:
I remember this happening (more than once) when someone called me up after a train ride. And the last thing I could recall is that I have locked the phone while playing Angry Birds / Fruit Ninja / Zenonia 2, etc.
But it still sucks that it happens.
I guess my real question is , are all Nexus s doing this sporadically , even rarely , or is my phone defective?
question... are the phones plugged in to a wall charger when this happens?
Nope. Only happened to me when I under clocked the CPU with Setcpu using the powersave profile (I was just testing things out).
DKYang said:
Nope. Only happened to me when I under clocked the CPU with Setcpu using the powersave profile (I was just testing things out).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
can happen any time any place
ransome7 said:
I guess my real question is , are all Nexus s doing this sporadically , even rarely , or is my phone defective?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm not sure if everyone's having this, but I'm with you on this. I'm on stock but rooted 2.3.3. Experienced this since 2.3.1.
EDIT: My wife has this problem too, since 2.3.1 until 2.3.3 (not rooted).
cygnum said:
I'm not sure if everyone's having this, but I'm with you on this. I'm on stock but rooted 2.3.3. Experienced this since 2.3.1.
EDIT: My wife has this problem too, since 2.3.1 until 2.3.3 (not rooted).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Mine did it stock , I rooted and loaded roms to see if that would fix the problem , lessened but still there
My nexus s (i9020T) has exactly the same problem. I've also tried to flash different ROMs, including CM-7rc2 and stock 2.3.3, and the problem remains.
I tried to bind Multi-touch Visualizer 2 to long pressing home button, and found the when screen is unresponsive, it can still detect press near edges very well, but not the center. While I press at the edge and drap across the center, it keeps tracking my finger correctly. In addition, Locking and unlocking the screen can solve the problem temporally. I connect my phone with adb, and tried to "cat /dev/input/event0" The behavior confirms what I see in Multitouch Visualizor 2: the when the center of screen is unresponsive, nothing can be read from the device node.
I read the mxt224 touch screen controller doc, and it seems the chip features self-calibration, and thus I believe the "lock & unlock" will trigger the chip to tune it self in some way. I've also read the driver code of nexus s, htc incredible and moto droid x, all using the same controlling chip. Both HTC and moto would send calibrate command to the chip during resume, but sumsang does not. I guess this might be the reason, but I'm not skilled enough to port the drivers
I experienced it twice so far i think, but only have the device for a little more than 2 weeks.
I am on stock 2.3.1 currently.
Beside the lock&unlock method, I discovered a new way of getting screen back to work: rub your hands a couple of times and touch again... Anyway it seem the screen is not well calibrated.
problem seems fixed with my customized kernel
Last night, I modified the touchscreen driver and mach settings a bit on the source of netarchy's nice kernel, and compiled a kernel of my own. The screen now seems working well with my new kernel
Never have experienced this on the nscollab rom which is cm7 and kernel together stable. I suggest give it a shot
Sent from my Nexus S using XDA App
swa2k4 said:
Never have experienced this on the nscollab rom which is cm7 and kernel together stable. I suggest give it a shot
Sent from my Nexus S using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
May I know how to perform the suggested steps, i have been experience twice since i bought it on 2 weeks ago
I would like to bring this issue up again (after so long) as I am still randomly experiencing this exact issue even with Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0.3 (Stock & Custom ROMs). Any fix yet?

Green screen

Hi, some time my sgs display did shade the green. Maybe he fall , but slightly. 2-3 day after, I ulocked my phone then i saw green screen. Then i need only to hit the screen and the colors came back again, but the next block = green screen. This is not voodoo colors wine , i flashed from the official rom to various others. Not resulted in success. The phone is not under warranty so I can only repair it yourself. Has anyone already had such a problem, what to do in this situation? Is it only remains for me to replace the whole panel, but rather it is no longer viable. Thanks in advance!
In voodoo colors app, only green doing something , red and blue doing nothing.
sry , translated by google.
Noone can help me ?
tomsteel1 said:
Okay, So what youre saying is, No Other colors except green show up?
Do you have Cyanogen Mod 7/9?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yea it is.
no i don't have.
also i9000 bootlogo is green
Try changing the kernel
I suggest flashing a kernel without Voodoo Color support. A good and stable one is Midnight kernel. I use it for weeks now and I am really impressed about smoothness and stabilty.
There are versions for ICS and gingerbread. But development for gingerbread isn't active at the moment.
Yeah it sounds like kernel related.
It happens even with full stock Samsung?
I also saw green screen for a second after waking up my phone. Resolved by changing governor in NSTools (experienced green with luzactive governor, now I am on smartassv2 and the problem has gone)

[Q] Backlight Bug CM11

Has anyone else been experiencing a bug in the way the system handles the backlight on CM11. For example, i have the backlight set to halfway. When I hit the sleep button and turn the phone back on (from sleep), the backlight is completely turned off. Hitting the sleep button again (and then waking it) sometimes yields the backlight going back to the way i had previously set it and sometimes it just stays turned off. I was wondering if there was a fix for this.
This exists very long ago without a solution and most people including devs are aware of it... I reckon we need drivers/files from official KitKat to fix it, but I'd love to be wrong.
Sent from Google Nexus 4 @ CM11
AndyYan said:
This exists very long ago without a solution and most people including devs are aware of it... I reckon we need drivers/files from official KitKat to fix it, but I'd love to be wrong.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'd say all it takes is at least one Razr M to be in the hands of a developer, that's all .
(No one reported this issue for Razr HD, Photon Q or Atrix HD so far...)
I guess that the Razr M display panel driver (in kernel) needs some small fix for this.
Ok, thanks guys. Its not a big deal as it only happens once in a while. I just wanted to see what the general consensus was. I might just make an app that restores the backlight on each wake. Do you think that this issue will be fixed now that the KK Firmware for the M was leaked? (We now have the right kernel?)

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