Database Users

Ubuntu Setup Notes for Dev (kitchen) work - UPDATED 2/26 - Droid Eris Android Development

Update 2010-02-26 Added examples for linking either dynamically or statically (see page 2)
I decided to try and set up a kitchen using the closest thing to a native kernel dev environment that I could set up.
At this point I have:
- cross-compiled the HTC Desire (kernel) sources using the Android 1.6 NDK
- figured out the repo/git stuff to pull the Android sources corresponding to a given Android release point
- cross-compiled the entire Cupcake release to an ARM target using the NDK tools
- built a dynamically linked "hello, world" executable using the NDK arm-eabi-* tools and verified it works on the phone.
Yah, I know - not much yet, but it's a start for a newb.
I have some notes documenting the Ubuntu setup process in case anyone wants it - but it is full of links (URLs), so I can't post anything with links as a new user.
If a mod can "verify" my account, I'll post it up. I promise, I'll be good.
bftb0

OK, I guess I need to make a couple of posts before I can embed links.
I'll post it without the URL protocol prefix (it's gonna look fugly), and then come back and edit it once the restriction is removed. I hope someone finds it useful.
Android kernel dev is not officially supported on Windows; closest match to Google Dev environment seems to be -> Ubuntu 8.04 LTS + JDK 5 (32 bit, not x64).
I realize that this is nothing close to the "kitchens" that the WinMo folks have been using, but figured that (as a newb) I would just end up confusing myself trying to figure out which of those tools could be useful for Android, in addition to needing the native binary cross-compilation tools anyway.
(Note: I briefly tried to set this up in a Ubuntu VMware Player VM, but ran into limitations of available Ubuntu 8.04 LTS player machine file size limits (as well as problems hosting a VM bigger than about 10 Gb on a USB drive - insufficient space on my primary drive)
If anyone wants to follow in my footsteps, here is a thumbnail sketch of useful links. I'll admit, this is not for the faint of heart - you need Linux/Unix skills to work through the kinks.
1) (ubuntu.com/getubuntu/downloadmirrors#mirrors) Ubuntu Download Mirrors list - Find a server near you
2) Download ubuntu-8.04.4-alternate-i386.iso and burn it to 700 Mb CD-R
3) Install Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Desktop Version (gulp!)
4) Use the Ubuntu graphical package manager (System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager) and install the packages (git, flex, bison, etc) mentioned in the "Ubuntu Linux (32-bit x86)" section in this (source.android.com/download)Android Source setup page
5) Note that JDK6 does not work correctly; rather than going to Sun/Oracle for JDK5, install the sun-java5-{bin,jdk,jre,doc,demo} packages (1.5.0-22-0ubuntu) using the Ubuntu package installer mentioned above. Note if you install the docs package, you will also need to go to Sun/Oracle and get jdk-1_5_0-doc.zip towards the end of the package install, and drop it into /tmp for the package manager to finish.
6) Go to the (developer.android.com/sdk/index.html) Android SDK Download page and get android-sdk_r04-linux_86.tgz
7) Unpack ( gunzip -c and...tgz | tar xf - ) to desired location, add tools dir to PATH
Optional Steps (For Java App Devs)
o-8) (eclipse.org/downloads/ Eclipse IDE Download page - chose 'Eclipse Classic 3.5.1 (162 MB)' for Linux, 32 bit (eclipse-SDK-3.5.1-linux-gtk.tar.gz)
o-9) Install by unpacking ( gunzip -c ecli....tar.gz | tar xf - ) to desired location, add eclipse folder to PATH
o-10) Run eclipse, and follow the (developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.html) Installing and Updating ADT instructions for adding Android functionality to Eclipse 3.5 (Galileo)
o-11) From within Eclipse, launch Window -> Android SDK and AVD Manager, and install all available & compatible Android SDK Tools (all versions). (You might need to use http instead of https... YMMV) Note that this is the same functionality as simply running the command "android" from the command prompt if the Android SDK (steps 6,7) tools directory is in your PATH
12) Familiarize yourself with the command line tool "adb" tool in the SDK; in particular, since Ubuntu needs root privs to access the USB hardware, the best way to start the adb server on your PC is to
Code:
$ sudo /bin/bash
- set up root's environment so the SDK "tools" directory is in root's PATH
- plug your phone into the USB cable
- On the Eris, set the options:
Settings -> Applications -> Development -> USB Debugging (on)
Settings -> Applications -> Development -> Stay awake (on)
Code:
# adb devices
This last command only lists the available USB-connected (real) devices and any emulators you have running, but as a side effect it starts up the adb server on the Ubuntu machine running as root. Thereafter, you can use adb (or ddms) as an unprivileged user.
13) Have a peek at the SDK "ddms" monitor. A variety of things can be done from here, the least of which is screen shots (Select device, then Device-> Screen capture)... and some more twisty things too.
14) Download the (developer.android.com/sdk/ndk/1.6_r1/index.html) Android 1.6 NDK r1 (Native Development Kit) - android-ndk-1.6_r1-linux-x86.zip, and unzip into your desired location. Add the ARM cross-compiler tools to your path (see example below).
15) At this point you might be using something like this to set up your path wherever you please (.profile or elsewhere, according to how you want to manage your environment)
Code:
_INSLOC='/opt/android/'
_JAVAPATH='/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/bin'
_BASEPATH='/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin'
_ANDTOOLS="${_INSLOC}"'/android-sdk-linux_86/tools'
_ECLPSPATH="${_INSLOC}"'/eclipse-3.5.1'
_ARMXCOMPILE="${_INSLOC}"'/android-ndk-1.5_r1/build/prebuilt/linux-x86/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin'
PATH="${_JAVAPATH}"':'"${_BASEPATH}"':'"${_ANDTOOLS}"':'"${_ECLPSPATH}"':'"${_ARMXCOMPILE}"
export PATH
16) Download the (member.america.htc.com/download/RomCode/Source_and_Binaries/desirec-be918f7b.tgz) HTC Desire Kernel Source Code and unpack to a location of your choice.
17) Test your enviroment by building the HTC Kernel code:
$ cd v2_6_27/kernel_msm7k; make
I can't remember if I needed to stuff anything into the environment here (e.g. 'CC' definitions, etc.) - but I know that I didn't need to modify any Makefiles. I think the make system will find all the "arm-eabi-*" executables if they are in your path. You will know soon enough.
18) Try to compile a "Hello, world!" program for the phone. Before you get too far along in this (e.g. "where is crt0.o?"), (honeypod.blogspot.com/2007/12/dynamically-linked-hello-world-for.html) read this blog post - steps 3 and 4 only.
You might find a Makefile similar to this useful:
Code:
AR = arm-eabi-ar
AS = arm-eabi-as
CC = arm-eabi-gcc
CXX = arm-eabi-c++
LD = arm-eabi-ld
NDK_KIT = /opt/android/android-ndk-1.5_r1
PLATF_KIT = build/platforms/android-1.5
ARM_INC = $(NDK_KIT)/$(PLATF_KIT)/arch-arm/usr/include
ARM_LIB = $(NDK_KIT)/$(PLATF_KIT)/arch-arm/usr/lib
PLATF_INC = $(NDK_KIT)/$(PLATF_KIT)/common/include
OBJS = hello.o start.o
EXES = hello
hello: hello.o start.o
$(LD) \
--entry=_start \
--dynamic-linker /system/bin/linker -nostdlib \
-rpath /system/lib -rpath $(ARM_LIB) \
-L $(ARM_LIB) -lc -o hello hello.o start.o
hello.o: hello.c
$(CC) -I $(ARM_INC) -I $(PLATF_INC) -c hello.c
start.o: start.c
$(CC) -I $(ARM_INC) -I $(PLATF_INC) -c start.c
clean:
rm -f $(OBJS) $(EXES)
and then
Code:
$ make hello 2>&1 | tee make_hello-log.txt
if all goes well, push to the phone
Code:
$ adb push hello /sqlite_stmt_journals/hello
and then use a shell on the phone to watch the lights gerblinken:
Code:
PC-path$ adb shell
$ cd /sqlite_stmt_journals
$ ./hello
Hello, world!
$ exit
PC-path$
19) Now, download the Android stock kernel sources:
- Make sure you have "git" and "repo" installed; see the (source.android.com/download) Android "Get source" page, starting from "Installing Repo".
- Make a clean directory to initialize "repo" in, and download the code:
Code:
$ mkdir ~/mydroid
$ cd ~/mydroid
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b cupcake
$ repo sync
The sync step above will download the entire source tree corresponding to the Cupcake release (90 minutes on my link).
20) Build the sources
Code:
$ cd ~/mydroid
$ make 2>&1 | tee make_Android-log.txt
On my old PC, this step took about two hours.
Well, that's a little start; everything that comes after this is heavy lifting, I suppose.
bftb0

Thank you for that.

I forgot to add a disk space usage report to this; here it is:
O/S ( /, /boot, /var, /tmp) ~ 4 Gb **
Android SDK, all versions: 1.3 Gb
Android "Cupcake" full sources + full build: 5.5 Gb (2.5 Gb sources, 3.0 Gb build tree)
Android NDK ~0.05 Gb
Eclipse 3.5.1: 0.21 Gb
HTC Desire Kernel Sources + build ~ 0.77 Gb
All up, thats about 12 Gb minimum needed for a full environment. Obviously, you would want some headroom above that.
Note that if you only want to build native binaries, and not the full Android source tree (or develop Java applications), this could be done handily in a virtual machine which is less than 10 Gb in size - for Windows users, there are VMware "Player" versions of Ubuntu 8.0.4 available for that. That eliminates the need for a separate machine, or a dual-boot PC - and the worries of messing up trying to create a dual-boot machine.
All that is really needed for that is the Desktop OS and the NDK. Adding a single version of the SDK so you have 'adb' and 'ddms' available to you would be helpful, but not absolutely necessary if you are using a Windows host machine with those tools already present.
bftb0
** beware that Ubuntu uses a lot of space on /var if you put it in a separate partition - 600+ Mb in my configuration.

bftb0 said:
I forgot to add a disk space usage report to this; here it is:
O/S ( /, /boot, /var, /tmp) ~ 4 Gb **
Android SDK, all versions: 1.3 Gb
Android "Cupcake" full sources + full build: 5.5 Gb (2.5 Gb sources, 3.0 Gb build tree)
Android NDK ~0.05 Gb
Eclipse 3.5.1: 0.21 Gb
HTC Desire Kernel Sources + build ~ 0.77 Gb
All up, thats about 12 Gb minimum needed for a full environment. Obviously, you would want some headroom above that.
Note that if you only want to build native binaries, and not the full Android source tree (or develop Java applications), this could be done handily in a virtual machine which is less than 10 Gb in size - for Windows users, there are VMware "Player" versions of Ubuntu 8.0.4 available for that. That eliminates the need for a separate machine, or a dual-boot PC - and the worries of messing up trying to create a dual-boot machine.
All that is really needed for that is the Desktop OS and the NDK. Adding a single version of the SDK so you have 'adb' and 'ddms' available to you would be helpful, but not absolutely necessary if you are using a Windows host machine with those tools already present.
bftb0
** beware that Ubuntu uses a lot of space on /var if you put it in a separate partition - 600+ Mb in my configuration.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
great very descriptive thread

Hey bftb0
thanks for posting this guide. I am trying to just play around with someone of the exploit binaries on my eris (from the tattoo/hero rooting threads) , so these guidelines are coming in handy. However for some reason whenever I try and do anything over adb i get this error:
Code:
error: insufficient permissions for device
I cant use adb shell at all, even trying to push to the sdcard gives permissions denied. In the adb devices output the phone is coming up as "?????? no permissions", Did I miss a step ?
My setup so far: Ubuntu 9.10 i386,

Hey bftb0
thanks for posting this guide. I am trying to just play around with someone of the exploit binaries on my eris (from the tattoo/hero rooting threads) , so these guidelines are coming in handy. However for some reason whenever I try and do anything over adb i get this error:
Code:
error: insufficient permissions for device
I cant use adb shell at all, even trying to push to the sdcard gives permissions denied. In the adb devices output the phone is coming up as "?????? no permissions", Did I miss a step ?
My setup so far: Ubuntu 9.10 i386, android-sdk_r04-linux_86, droid eris with most recent OTA

someguy, you have to go to developer.android.com/guide/developing/device.html and install the linux driver (as root) and restart your system.

@someguy
Type "adb kill-server" followed by "sudo adb". You need to run adb as root in unix for it to work.

zifnab06, that was it, I must have not run the first command as root which caused the server to be run without su.

What exactly does this do?

bigcj55 said:
What exactly does this do?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Because of the lineage between Linux and Android, the primary platform for compilation of the kernel and other ARM instruction-set binaries ("native" code) has been on Linux. It appears (at the moment...reading between the lines) that Google engineers are using Ubuntu 8.04 LTS as their choice of Linux platform for maintaining Android kernel & utilities code... so, in principle, it is the "best supported" platform for doing "native" development work, if for no other reason than it's what Google has been using. (Not because it is somehow a "better" O/S, but rather because you are likely to run into fewer quirks, and have more resources on the internet who might have experienced the same difficulties that you run into.)
For instance, the folks that have been building kernel exploit programs have been using the Google "NDK". They are not writing/compiling those in Java - they are writing or compiling programs written in "C", and compiling them into native (ARM) object code.
I provided notes from my own installation for anyone considering "dipping their toe" into building Android kernels or native binaries using Linux as a host O/S - most forum readers are not going to be interested in doing that.
Note that Google now releases an NDK for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS/X. The strange thing about doing development on Windows using Cygwin is that if you have sufficient skills to do so - and are capable of resolving problems that inevitably crop up - then you probably already have sufficient skills to be using Unix/Linux in the first place. Sort of depends on your past experience, though. I'd be willing to bet that Devs with a history of doing WinMo development probably would prefer to climb the Android development learning curve by trying their hand with the Windows/Cygwin NDK because of their familiarity with other Windows-based development tools (IDEs, hex editors, assemblers, GUI generators, etc).
That reminds me though - I need to update this thread with something else.
Cheers
bftb0

Static OR Dynamic Linking of Native Binaries
I was a little unsatisfied with the "hack" used in the above examples to circumvent the need to launch programs without linking to C runtime initialization using that strange code shown above, i.e.
Code:
start() { exit( main() ); }
Moreover, for purposes of debugging applications running on the phone (using "gdbserver"), it simply seems easier to link statically - it allows you to step into the syscall library routines and actually see the assembler implementations wrapped around "STI" interrupts.
So, I spent some time experimenting, and came up with a Makefile that allows me to easily toggle between building an ARM executable linked statically or dynamically. Moreover, it lets "argc" and "argv" work they way they are supposed to, and also allows main() to do a return().
Here's an example Makefile, for a program "hello.c". Make sure you read the notes which follow it.
Code:
#
# FIX THESE (to match your installation)
# Top of the Android Source/build tree (retrieved w/ repo)
ANDSRCROOT := /home/user/android/repo-root
# link dynamically against the libraries shipped on the phone!
# e.g.: $cd /opt/android/Eris_libs/ruu1_16_605_1 ; adb pull /system/lib/
PHONELIBS := /opt/android/Eris_libs/ruu1_16_605_1/lib
# Choose one or the other; static is easiest for debugging use
LINKMODE := dynamic
#LINKMODE := static
# tools
CROSS_COMPILE := arm-eabi-
CC := $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
LD := $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
AR := $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
CXX := $(CROSS_COMPILE)c++
OBJDUMP := $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump
RANLIB := $(CROSS_COMPILE)ranlib
READELF := $(CROSS_COMPILE)readelf
# Note STATLIBROOT is relative to the Android Source root (ANDSRCROOT)
STATLIBROOT := out/target/product/generic/obj/STATIC_LIBRARIES
INCLUDE := -I $(ANDSRCROOT)/bionic/libc/include \
-I $(ANDSRCROOT)/bionic/libc/arch-arm/include \
-I $(ANDSRCROOT)/bionic/libc/kernel/common \
-I $(ANDSRCROOT)/bionic/libc/kernel/arch-arm
ifeq ($(LINKMODE),dynamic)
LIBDIRS := -L $(PHONELIBS)
else
LIBDIRS := -L $(ANDSRCROOT)/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/lib/gcc/arm-eabi/4.2.1 \
-L $(ANDSRCROOT)/$(STATLIBROOT)/libc_intermediates \
-L $(ANDSRCROOT)/$(STATLIBROOT)/libc_common_intermediates
endif
ifeq ($(LINKMODE),dynamic)
CRTBEG := $(ANDSRCROOT)/out/target/product/generic/obj/lib/crtbegin_dynamic.o
LDFLAGS := -rpath /system/lib -rpath-link /system/lib --dynamic-linker /system/bin/linker
EXTLIBS := -lc -ldl
else
CRTBEG := $(ANDSRCROOT)/out/target/product/generic/obj/lib/crtbegin_static.o
LDFLAGS := -static
EXTLIBS := -lc -lgcc -lc_common
endif
CRTEND := $(ANDSRCROOT)/out/target/product/generic/obj/lib/crtend_android.o
CFLAGS := -g -Wall
%.o: %.c
$(CC) -c $(INCLUDE) \
$(CFLAGS) $< -o [email protected]
%.s: %.c
$(CC) -S -c $(INCLUDE) \
$(CFLAGS) $< -o [email protected]
all: hello
hello: hello.o
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) \
-o [email protected] --entry=_start -nostdlib \
$(CRTBEG) \
$^ \
$(CRTEND) \
$(LIBDIRS) $(EXTLIBS)
This makefile has certain assumptions built into it:
(1) Static Linkage
If you are going to link statically, you will need to have already built the entire Android source tree - the Android NDK does not provide any static libraries (In the OP I provided instructions on how to do this download and build the Android "Cupcake" release.)
(2) Dynamic Linking
If you want to compile code which is "as close to the phone as possible" then there is really only one way to do that: compile against the headers that HTC used, and perform linking against the dynamic libraries that you literally pull off the phone ("adb pull /system/lib").
There's only one problem with this strategy: HTC did not release their copy of the bionic (or other library) source code, so you are forced to punt... the second-best choice is to use headers from the Android (Cupcake) source tree. So... you will notice that for both the dynamic-link or static-link cases in the above makefile, the $(INCLUDE) paths used during compilation come from the Android source tree.
bftb0
PS I guess there is a mechanism to configure the top-level "make" of the Android source tree for not only a target type (defaults to "arm"), but also a "machine" dependency. I didn't research that, as I have only built user-space code. I'm doubt there should be any differences at the syscall interface API - excepting perhaps things like ptrace() which have a machine dependency (register structures, etc).

bftb0 said:
Because of the lineage between Linux and Android, the primary platform for compilation of the kernel and other ARM instruction-set binaries ("native" code) has been on Linux. It appears (at the moment...reading between the lines) that Google engineers are using Ubuntu 8.04 LTS as their choice of Linux platform for maintaining Android kernel & utilities code... so, in principle, it is the "best supported" platform for doing "native" development work, if for no other reason than it's what Google has been using. (Not because it is somehow a "better" O/S, but rather because you are likely to run into fewer quirks, and have more resources on the internet who might have experienced the same difficulties that you run into.)
For instance, the folks that have been building kernel exploit programs have been using the Google "NDK". They are not writing/compiling those in Java - they are writing or compiling programs written in "C", and compiling them into native (ARM) object code.
I provided notes from my own installation for anyone considering "dipping their toe" into building Android kernels or native binaries using Linux as a host O/S - most forum readers are not going to be interested in doing that.
Note that Google now releases an NDK for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS/X. The strange thing about doing development on Windows using Cygwin is that if you have sufficient skills to do so - and are capable of resolving problems that inevitably crop up - then you probably already have sufficient skills to be using Unix/Linux in the first place. Sort of depends on your past experience, though. I'd be willing to bet that Devs with a history of doing WinMo development probably would prefer to climb the Android development learning curve by trying their hand with the Windows/Cygwin NDK because of their familiarity with other Windows-based development tools (IDEs, hex editors, assemblers, GUI generators, etc).
That reminds me though - I need to update this thread with something else.
Cheers
bftb0
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Wow, i was a little off in this case. I was under the assumption y'all were somehow going to compile ubuntu to run on the eris. :O

Related

New: SANE (USB Scanner backend and drivers) - OTG equipped device needed to work for this - YES, Scanner Access Now possible and Easy with your phone
This can (in combination with tesseract-ocr) be very useful to recognize text from scanned images.
For pictures see also http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=23046120&postcount=187
Update 01/30/2012: Now with a small android app (ScriptStarter) to start services and other shell scripts easily from the GUI. See bottom of the post.
WHAT'S POSSIBLE WITH THIS SCRIPT:
With this bash script your are able to build relatively easy from source a lot of native software (over 90 at the moment) from the GNU/Linux community for your Android phone and you will have
the good experience with free software.
All these tools and programs are not "apps for the GUI" for Android but native running command line tools "under the surface" of your Android GUI like the kernel and other services.
Don't ask me if it makes any sense to install program xy (like MySQL) on a phone. This is your decision. It's possible, so try it and see what you can do with it.
Note: I tested most of the compiled software on a Samsung Galaxy S2 (my phone). I cannot test it on a variety of phones because I have no mobile phone shop...
Currently buildable with this scripts (abstract, see the full list in package_selection.conf):
PHP 5.3.10 (with almost all extensions and XCache)
MySQL 5.5.19 (if you want a full database server on your phone...)
lighttpd 1.4.30
OpenSSH 5.9p1
OpenSSL 1.0.0f
Samba 3.6.3
cURL 7.23.1
bash 4.2
BusyBox 1.19.3
ImageMagick 6.7.4-10
OpenVPN 2.2.2
Python 2.7.2
Node.js 0.6.7
git 1.7.9
Wget 1.13.4
Rsync 3.0.9
TCPDUMP 4.2.0
Midnight Commander 4.8.1
Pure-FTPd 1.0.35
screen 4.0.3
iptables 1.4.10 (without bionic bug "getnetbyaddr()" and with iptables-save/restore!)
BIND 9.8.1-P1
Lua 5.2.0
Ruby 1.9.3-p0
usbutils 004
MTDUtils latest git
GCC 4.6.2 (c, c++)
GNU Coreutils 8.14, Binutils 2.22, Findutils 4.4.2, Inetutils 1.8
QEMU 0.15.1
SANE 1.0.22
tesseract-ocr 3.01
...
a lot of libraries, development tools and other useful programs
...
FEATURES:
automatic download and untar the cross-compilers (if not already done) for cross compiling
automatic download and untar the source packages (if not already done), that you have selected
solve dependences and reserves additional needed packages
apply patches to the sources if necessary
build them, "install" them in a folder for later "ready to transfer" to your phone and stripes the binaries and libraries to reduce the filesize if selected
autogenerate a tar file and adb push the file to device if selected
allows you to use well-known software like PHP, MySQL, OpenSSL, OpenSSH, OpenVPN, bash and lighttpd on your phone (see the full list in file package_selection.conf, see attachement)
scripting and development on your phone
no limits with BusyBox (without want to be derogative, BusyBox is a wonderful tool), full featured tools like Coreutils, Binutils etc.
build scripts are expandable with other or newer packages you eventual want to have
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: Do I need native GNU/Linux programs and what is that?
A: If you do not know what native Linux applications are, then stop here - you don't need them.
Q: What can I do with these tools?
A: Many things. As a developer you can use the libraries to include them in Android GUI apps, as user you can start for example a webserver on your phone and write some HTML or PHP pages
just for fun or replace BusyBox with full featured tools (or only some commands).
Some tools are also very useful to find network errors, check the network traffic and many more.
Q: What do I need?
A: A Linux installation (VM or real), some Linux knowledge and a little bit time to read all instructions carefully. A rooted Android device with enouth free memory (ext2/3/4 formatted)
See README for details.
Q: Costs?
A: Nothing. The scripts are Open Source (GPL v3), the packages are GPL licensed or under a similar license. The cross-compilers are Open Source or free to use for non-profit purposes.
But I would be pleased if I get a donation and/or a press on the "Thanks button", if the scripts are useful for you. It was a long and hard work...
Note: The attachement scriptset-x.yy.zip is double packed (inside .bz2), because I want preserve the right settings of the scripts.
STEPS:
Selected the desired packages in the config file
Adjust the compiler settings for your phone
Run the build script to download and compile the software
Copy the generated TAR files to your phone or let "adb" this do for you and unpack them in the prepared sysroot folder
For more information please read the instructions in "README"
Please let me also know if you have any problems or if you have questions or further suggestions.
Thanks go to the Open Source community and a lot of people/webpages with hints about cross-compiling software.
Thanks
smitna
CHANGELOG:
01/14/2012 First public release v0.9
01/14/2012 Update: Removed unneeded big patch for ncurses
01/15/2012 Release of v1.0
Update: Fixed build of gcc. Note: the header files are not copied automatically with the script.
If you want to compile on your phone, set TAR_HEADERS=1 in configuraton.conf
Typos: some translations corrected in build.sh
01/16/2012 Release of v1.1
Update: Removed building of fsck from util-linux-ng, it's in e2fsprogs
Update: ISC Cron / vixie cron: set correct paths in pathnames.h before compiling
Enhancement: More detailed explanation of device specific compiler settings with list of possible values
Update: Removed dependence e2fsprogs libs from e2fsprogs
01/17/2012 Release of v1.2
Update: Build of zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit, unzip, unzipsfx and funzip now possible without errors
01/17/2012 Release of v1.3
Update: Added Node.js
Typos: some translations and language errors corrected in build.sh and README (sorry, I'm not a native English speaker...)
01/18/2012 Release of v1.4
Fixed TMP_PATH in PHP extension XCache (mmap.c) to prevent startup warning
Fixed BusyBox problems with static build against glibc ("__getpagesize" segfault with ping, traceroute and other networking parts)
and added some BusyBox patches.
BusyBox is now dynamic linked, so don't replace the system BusyBox with this build, because of missing mount/paths to libraries at phone startup
01/20/2012 Release of v1.5
Update: Cleanup in scripts and separation of configuration and code. Now it's only necessary to edit configuration.conf and package_selection.conf
Update: Added gzip
Update: Added experimental adb push to device if the device is connected and permissions are ok
Update: Check for installed programs. Script now exists on check failure to minimize errors while compiling.
01/21/2012 Release of v1.6
Bugfix: MySQL build could fail if gen_lex_hash could not generate the file sql/lex_hash.h in pass 2
Update: adb push should now work, check for connected device (and possible multiple devices) and check for right permissions to use the device
Enhancement: Even more explanation of device specific compiler flags and some hints to find the right settings.
01/21/2012 Release of v1.7
Enhancement: To eliminate sure a failing MySQL build, with every new run the source folder will be removed before completely
Enhancement: file version is now strictly checked (the host version must be the same as the cross version)
Some minor changes and filechecks (e.g. autoconf)
01/23/2012 Release of v1.8
Bugfix: Python has SQLite dependencies and SQLite must be ready before Python configure/make
Bugfix: In certain circumstances the optimizer settings get lost
Bugfix: Removed --enable-multibyte from bash, no chance to use it with NDK
01/24/2012 Release of v1.9
Update: Added ngIRCd (Please read the comment for this server, because of running as root)
Update: Sorted the links and package names in the config a little bit...
01/26/2012 Release of v2.0
Bugfix: OpenSSH wants to touch /var/empty while compiling, should be fixed --with-privsep-path now set (thanks to member dateno1 for his reports of such warnings/errors)
Bugfix: Removed a wrong CFLAG -I path from NDK config (only useful for me, really useless for others...)
Enhancement: Example for a user db for Pure-FTPd virtual user database in README (please use virtual users, it's the best and easiest solution)
Update: OpenSSH build need ssh-keygen for the generation of the default keys, added this info to README and the package selection
Bugfix: Not really a bugfix, but some installers don't set the right permissions of libraries in the sysroot folder, so set them global in the final task
Bugfix: Removed --with-lastlog=$TARGET_SYSROOT/var/log/lastlog from OpenSSH and added --with-lastlog=no, I don't know why this is not working and throws a warning, but we can live without it...
Enhancement: Added option to choose the sysroot variant from the CodeSourcery libs: v5TE (default), v4T (old), thumb2 (v7, fastest if supported by the phone)
Enhancement: Added option to tar the headers for development on the device with CodeSourcery (hint: always set rpath in LDFLAGS to make use of the CodeSourcery libs)
01/26/2012 Release of v2.1
Update: Added getcap/setcap and libraries from wishlist, needs libtoolize. Note: This is in a testing stage, kernel and filesystem support needed!
01/30/2012 Added a ScriptStarter app
09/02/2012 Release of v2.2
Update: Local compilation of static "tic" from ncurses for buildhost, if ncurses installation is missing
Enhancement: "downloading only" mode without compiling the packages (and force download)
Enhancement: some parameters for starting the script with additional functions (show with ./build.sh help)
Enhancement: more logging and outputs
Enhancement: language specs, all outputs can be changed to other languages in build.sh
Update: Added dosfstools
Update: Added Ruby
Update: Added example configs and starter scripts for Samba and OpenSSH
Update: Use of http-URLs if possible and update of some broken external links since last release
Bugfix: util-linux-ng needs gettext, added dependence
Bugfix: Added parameter to Samba to solve user/group settings and socket_wrapper support to set path vars at runtime
Update: Changed PHP version to 5.3.10, Samba to 3.6.3 and git to 1.7.9
02/11/2012 internal Release v2.3
Bugfix: openVPN patch for /dev/tun and links to ip/netstat/ifconfig/route, see hints for symlinks
02/16/2012 internal Release v2.4
02/25/2012 Release of v2.5
Update: Added LAME
Update: Added experimental CUPS
Update: Changed PNG version to 1.5.9
Update: Added Net-SNMP
Update: Added Netpbm
Update: Added PNG 1.2.47 for Netpbm and phpSANE
Update: Added LibTIFF
Update: Added SANE (USB Scanner backend and drivers) - OTG equipped device needed to work for this - YES, Scanner Access Now possible and Easy with your phone
Update: Split patches for bash (4.1 and 4.2) for better and easier (automatic) inclusion of original patches
02/28/2012 Release of v2.6
Update: Added Cuneiform OCR
Update: Added tesseract-ocr (see hints for more details howto use it)
ScriptStarter
02/03/2012 Added a small ScriptStarter for the GUI. With this app, written with JQuery, PhoneGap and Java (wrapper to execute the shell scripts) it's possible to start for example the lighttpd web server, Pure-FTPd or MySQL from within the Android GUI without a terminal and read the output. If a script needs root access, there is a checkbox to allow this. For this to work, copy the script sush in the script folder. All scripts ending with .sh can be started (please choose after the first start your script folder on the device to add the scripts to the selection, normally your [SYSROOT]/sbin folder).
Three buttons (start, stop and status) are predefined for start-stop-status scripts, there is also a parameter input field for more start values.
Free GPL v3 source code also included (Eclipse project). Please don't expect too much eye-candy. The GUI could be much better, but my CSS skills are very limited...
I added a few example scripts in the zip file, for example a battery stats reader. Before starting these scripts, have a look in the source code to be sure that they are compatible with your device.
Update 0.97 02/03/2012: Now the stderr is also printed in the output window
Update 0.99 02/10/2012: Replaced scrolling api with a much better solution (jScrollPane) for the output window. Not the real Android scroll feeling, but it's usable.

Thanks! I would hit the Thanks button, but I am on my mobile atm.
Sent from MIUI powered phone

Someone tried it? Problems?
Please, I need your feedback...

Sounds interesting, I'll try once I get back home and share feedback here

now i try to all packages for test
i will test on cortex a8 (motolora xt720)
TARGET_MARCH="armv7-a" (not work on armv7 )
TARGET_MTUNE="cortex-a8"
TARGET_MFPU="neon"
TARGET_MFLOAT="softfp"
it make dynamic binarys but i don't want dymanic type (because it difficult to divide one thing and maybe not work on android's libs)
how can i make static type?
ps : oh...it has so many comile error (even can't read or count all)

dateno1 said:
i will test on cortex a8 (motolora xt720)
TARGET_MARCH="armv7-a" (not work on armv7 )
TARGET_MTUNE="cortex-a8"
TARGET_MFPU="neon"
TARGET_MFLOAT="softfp"
it make dynamic binarys but i don't want dymanic type (because it difficult to divide one thing and maybe not work on android's libs)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I hope I understand your question. Why not dynamic?
Yes, you have to set the parameters for your mobile phone. For TARGET_MARCH try "armv7", for TARGET_MFLOAT "softfp" and for TARGET_MFPU "vfp" but check this last setting carefully for this phone.
It's very hard to build a full static binary (and sometimes nearly impossible) and it's also hard to build against bionic (with NDK). I had no good experience with it . A lot of compiler runs wasn't sucessful. Edit: I also had for example massive problems with openssl. I couldn't find a way to build it with NDK or static and then build other programs like cURL with openssl support.
Static binaries are also too big and not necessary. For this we have a sysroot environment to be independent from bionic and without the restrictions. The compiled libs and binaries are linked to the CodeSourcery glibc and have set the custom "rpath" for the dynamic loader. That's no problem I think.

that's simple
if someone want to make some binary for all version of android (even same cpu) it will not work well (defend on basic lib(ex : libc) is ok but complex things will not work)
i know make static type binary is very difficult but it valable

dateno1 said:
that's simple
if someone want to make some binary for all version of android (even same cpu) it will not work well (defend on basic lib(ex : libc) is ok but complex things will not work)
i know make static type binary is very difficult but it valable
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You are right, if you want to build a "portable" binary, you have to set very safe settings, like TARGET_MARCH="armv5", the full list is in the "README". But it's not my main target to offer a solution that is easy portable to other phones, instead you can build the software with optimizations for your phone to "get the best" for it

smitna said:
You are right, if you want to build a "portable" binary, you have to set very safe settings, like TARGET_MARCH="armv5", the full list is in the "README". But it's not my main target to offer a solution that is easy portable to other phones, instead you can build the software with optimizations for your phone to "get the best" for it
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
just i want to add some more function on the phone
thanks for patch files

I want to try this, to install some apps(most interested fro mc), but I don' t wanna change my sd card.
Can I use phone' s /data partition as mysysroot directory? I have 1.5GB space available on data partition, it is 2GB all.
And If yes, I must create the dir: /data/mysyroot? And where to create this dir on pc? On root directory of my linux system?

dancer_69 said:
I want to try this, to install some apps(most interested fro mc), but I don' t wanna change my sd card.
Can I use phone' s /data partition as mysysroot directory? I have 1.5GB space available on data partition, it is 2GB all.
And If yes, I must create the dir: /data/mysyroot? And where to create this dir on pc? On root directory of my linux system?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can use the /data partition. Just create a new folder, for example /data/sysroot. On your PC you have to create the same temporary with full user rights. This is not your working dir for building. Create a new dir in /home/user and unpack the files there. In settings insert the /data/sysroot as TARGET_SYSROOT and change the other settings for your phone and choose mc=yes. Then start the ./build.sh

Thanks for your quick answer.
Just to make clear because my english understanding is not in a high level
I must create the /data/sysroot dir under "/"(root directory) on linux pc with superuser rights?

dancer_69 said:
Thanks for your quick answer.
Just to make clear because my english understanding is not in a high level
I must create the /data/sysroot dir under "/"(root directory) on linux pc with superuser rights?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, that is right. But this is the only step you need to do as root or better with root rights. After this work as usual as user.

oh it can't make mysql
package selection : mysql only
target directory (prefix) : /sddata/mysql (on sdext on my system)
armv7-a
cortex-a8
neon
softfp
then run ./build.sh 2> error.txt
it is my error messages
http://pastebin.com/g7Yi4bGz
sorry you can see this link only today (my mistake)
this setting can make some binary and lib run on my phone but fail to make gcc or mysql (when i try gcc it just fail to making gcc only (other things were made) )

dateno1 said:
package selection : mysql only
target directory (prefix) : /sddata/mysql (on sdext on my system)
armv7-a
cortex-a8
neon
softfp
then run ./build.sh 2> error.txt
it is my error messages
http://pastebin.com/g7Yi4bGz
sorry you can see this link only today (my mistake)
this setting can make some binary and lib run on my phone but fail to make gcc or mysql (when i try gcc it just fail to making gcc only (other things were made) )
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please notice first, that you should not run this script as root!!
Then there is something wrong with the build of the first needed packages:
ZLIB=yes
OPENSSL=yes
CURL=yes
GETTEXT=yes
LIBXML2=yes
READLINE=yes
NCURSES=yes
- The script cannot find the readline sources. Do you have a subfolder readline-6.2 in folder sources in your builddir? Same for the other source folders. The script first downloads the packages to folder packages, extract the tars in folder sources, repeated for all selections.
(look at line 67 in your log: ./build.sh: 1402: cd: Python-2.7.2: No such file or directory)
- You have no "xz", install it first and make sure, that the other necessary packages are installed. MySQL and gcc are "two pass" compilations and this builds generating temporary binaries, runable on your linux pc. So you need all for a successful compilation of such binaries like gcc, make, python etc. on your linux machine. If you are using Ubuntu, then install the "meta-package" build-essential, look in the README.
Do you have the other unpacking tools like gunzip etc. Please install also "bison"
You should do following steps:
1. First select only the necessary packages (see above), all others to no.
2. If zlib, python, readline an the others are cross-compiled (without errors) and the libraries are in ./sysroot/lib, then deselect them (=no) and select mysql=yes and start a second run with ./build.sh

smitna said:
Please notice first, that you should not run this script as root!!
Then there is something wrong with the build of the first needed packages:
ZLIB=yes
OPENSSL=yes
CURL=yes
GETTEXT=yes
LIBXML2=yes
READLINE=yes
NCURSES=yes
- The script cannot find the readline sources. Do you have a subfolder readline-6.2 in folder sources in your builddir? Same for the other source folders. The script first downloads the packages to folder packages, extract the tars in folder sources, repeated for all selections.
(look at line 67 in your log: ./build.sh: 1402: cd: Python-2.7.2: No such file or directory)
- You have no "xz", install it first and make sure, that the other necessary packages are installed. MySQL and gcc are "two pass" compilations and this builds generating temporary binaries, runable on your linux pc. So you need all for a successful compilation of such binaries like gcc, make, python etc. on your linux machine. If you are using Ubuntu, then install the "meta-package" build-essential, look in the README.
Do you have the other unpacking tools like gunzip etc. Please install also "bison"
You should do following steps:
1. First select only the necessary packages (see above), all others to no.
2. If zlib, python, readline an the others are cross-compiled (without errors) and the libraries are in ./sysroot/lib, then deselect them (=no) and select mysql=yes and start a second run with ./build.sh
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i'm not edit necessary part
ZLIB=yes
OPENSSL=yes
CURL=yes
GETTEXT=yes
LIBXML2=yes
READLINE=yes
NCURSES=yes
i just edit mysql=no => mysql=yes
ok try to install packages and run as not root

dateno1 said:
i'm not edit necessary part
ZLIB=yes
OPENSSL=yes
CURL=yes
GETTEXT=yes
LIBXML2=yes
READLINE=yes
NCURSES=yes
i just edit mysql=no => mysql=yes
ok try to install packages and run as not root
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Good luck!
If you can wait a little bit:
In a short time I release a new version with better error and program checks and some small bug fixes. With this version it's not longer necessary to edit the build.sh, it's now all in only two separated configuration files (configuration and package selection).

hmm...fail to compile mysql again
with this error
note: the mangling of 'va_list' has changed in GCC 4.4
full error log on http://pastebin.com/jd1Pw9Xw

dateno1 said:
with this error
note: the mangling of 'va_list' has changed in GCC 4.4
full error log on http://pastebin.com/jd1Pw9Xw
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello dateno1,
first: you have *NOT* changed to a user account as promised
The va_list is only a note, not an error, no problem (but ask the MySQL devs why they haven't adapted the code to gcc 4.6.1).
Your Python cross binaries and libraries are not ok (from you broken first build?). Please start from a "fresh state" (delete the folder sources/Python-2.7.2 and sysroot) or start from a total clean state.
Please use the latest 1.5 version of the script because of the xargs warnings at the end
Delete the complete sysroot folder, there are some folders not in place (data and docs). There is a script remove_all_files.sh
Start this script in your buildroot with ./remove_all_files.sh to remove all files and symlinks in subfolder sysroot.
Edit: delete the sysroot folder complete, there are some other missing folders from your first build!
Start again with ./build.sh and activated packages (the "ALWAYS NEEDED" one and MySQL)

smitna said:
Hello dateno1,
first: you have *NOT* changed to a user account as promised
The va_list is only a note, not an error, no problem (but ask the MySQL devs why they haven't adapted the code to gcc 4.6.1).
Your Python cross binaries and libraries are not ok (from you broken first build?). Please start from a "fresh state" (delete the folder sources/Python-2.7.2 and sysroot) or start from a total clean state.
Please use the latest 1.5 version of the script because of the xargs warnings at the end
Delete the complete sysroot folder, there are some folders not in place (data and docs). There is a script remove_all_files.sh
Start this script in your buildroot with ./remove_all_files.sh to remove all files and symlinks in subfolder sysroot.
Edit: delete the sysroot folder complete, there are some other missing folders from your first build!
Start again with ./build.sh and activated packages (the "ALWAYS NEEDED" one and MySQL)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
make new account (compile.compile) and use su -c "./build.sh" compile
i think it work (compiled file's owner is changed to compile.compile)
now i delete almost files and folders (exclude android-ndk, readline-6.2, toolchains) and retrying...oh failed (attach new log (full) )
'를 위해 할 일이 없습니다' mean 'no job for~'
'오류' mean 'error'

The following contains binaries, and instructions for use of an experimental newer toolchain than those included in the android pre-built package.
This is provided to allow existing linux kernel developers experiment with the updated version of GCC (besides the complicated building instructions the code just has a small patch for a known issue with android and 4.6.* otherwise is directly from GNU (see build information below)
The packages I'm also providing to help developers current on windows (With cygwin but no other virtual environment) to start exploring android Linux kernel development for their devices. (In addition to a OSX toolchain for more advanced mac users)
due to the slight differences between kernels on different devices this How To is intended to be used for advanced users who can adjust for the differences required for the devices specific kernel.
I may add additional guides to this thread if I find a need for them.
[size=+1]Binary Toolchains[/size]
I have two versions of a GCC-4.6.3 toolchain
1) For x86 linux: toolchain-4.6.3.tar.bz2 (Sha1: c8c57aba6ad92e9acddf29ba8620ba880be09a81)
2) For Cygwin (windows): toolchain-4.6.3.cygwin.tar.bz2 (Sha1: 6947e1c1ba95195019f542eb8ba0708667b63eca)
3) For OSX (mac/darwin): toolchain-4.6.3.darwin.tar.bz2 (Sha1: 9a977f0672863fdd9501383a6ad1e30723281f68)
[size=-1]> The linux version was built via this script: http://pastebin.com/b2dZ8YtG (or in the included toolchain_notes.txt)
> The cygwin/darwin version uses the same source however has a slightly modified script (see the included toolchain_notes.txt for the updated script)[/size]
[size=+1]System Requirements[/size]
Note I have a 64bit debian linux box, and a 64bit version of WIndows7 Pro running cygwin, while I believe these binaries ought to be compatible with all x86 linux and cygwin installs these have not been tested by a wide number of people yet.
> Linux users: If you have a working android build environment likely no additional requirements are needed. In addition you must build any kernel/android utilities from a case sensitive filesystem or disk image.
> OSx users: the cygwin packages will give you an idea of what is required, please also see the README in the tar.bz2 about manually installing elf.h
> Cygwin users: as its unlikely you have compiled a kernel with cygwin up to this point you may wish to ensure the following packages are installed (as well as any cygwin recommends to be used with them):
vim
vim-common
make
cmake
lzop
gcc
gcc-core
gcc-g++
wget
git
git-compleation
libncurses-devel
python​
Cygwin users must also set their NTFS file partition to allow case sensitive files:
To do this open regedit and change:
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\kernel\obcaseinsensitive
to 0
after this reboot and the NTFS kernel will allow cygwin to use case sensitive files (ie 'AbC' and 'aBc' as two different files)​
[size=+1]Advanced Kernel Building Guide[/size]
Since may devices are slightly different this can only be a high level kernel building guide
Please ask for any specific directions from the current kernel maintainer.
To most people who have built kernels before this will look familiar, the most important part is preparing your local environment to use the new toolchain,
1) If you have not already download the tar.bz2 above, (pick the one for the computer you are preparing to build kernels on)
2) extract the file (for the sake of this guide I will assume it is extracted into a ~/android directory)
ie on cygwin you might:
mkdir -p ~/android
cd ~/android
tar -xjvf toolchain-4.6.3.cygwin.tar.bz2
Note: steps one and two are just properly installing the toolchain, you will not need
to repeat them to build a different kernel.
2.b) OSX Only: check elf.h
open ~/android/toolchain-4.6.3/README in a text editor and check if elf.h is installed, otherwise manually install it as per the readme
3) fetch your kernel source into the ~/android directory and change into the
source codes root directory
(this can be via a git repo or tarball)
example if you wanted my ACER a100/a500 source you might run:
git clone git://github.com/ezterry/AcerTabKernel.git
cd AcerTabKernel
change this to match the source you are fetching
4) In the root directory of the kernel source (~/android/AcerTabKernel in the about a100/a500 example) update the environment for the cross compiler
add the toolchain to your path:
export PATH=$HOME/android/toolchain-4.6.3/bin:$PATH​
set the cross compile:
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-androideabi-
export KERNEL_DIR=`pwd`​
(this will need to be done once for each terminal you use to run any of the following make commands)
5) Grab your configuration
From the device:
adb pull /proc/config.gz
gzip -dc config.gz > .config
or from a prepared configuration if it's included in your code base by running
make _defconfig
example for the a100/a500 code base is 'make vangogh_defconfig' for the a100 and 'make picasso_defconfig' for the a500
6) Customize configuration
just run menuconfig and use the UI to update settings
make menuconfig​
7) building the kernel (zImage)
This is normal at this point with 'make -j'
so for a quad core CPU you can run
make -j5​
(note: the wrong number in the -j argument will not harm the build but may slow down the building process by either using too few threads or needing to keep track of too many)
8) If it worked you will now have the kernel in arch/arm/boot/zImage
this can be injected into the boot.img (as the kernel, using an existing ramdisk) as is
If it failed for your kernel your kernel source may need one of the common patches
9) Building modules
the following will prepare the modules in subdirectory mod:
make modules
rm -rf mod
mkdir mod
cp `find ./ | grep .ko$` modules.order mod/​
After these commands [if no errors] you can simply copy the contents of mod/ to /system/lib/modules on your device, note it is recommended usually to remove the existing contents of /system/lib/modules unless there is a closed source module required from the previous build despite the new kernel.
[size=+1]Common Patches Required[/size]
If your kernel has not been built for the new toolchain or on cygwin before you may require some of these common patchs: (I've thus far only tested this on my Acer A100/A500 source)
wireless/bcm4329 for GCC-4.6.3:
https://github.com/ezterry/AcerTabKernel/commit/123f32e27e2c74f1c1789ae5d6d5a1c04e1e264c
linux kernel module patch for cygwin (broken elf.h):
https://github.com/ezterry/AcerTabKernel/commit/220db49593cf6b9f3b556e2f4b75b2f6d3ff556c
Error compiling security/smc/bridge_pub2sec.S (I required the cygwin elf patch and this patch to build the Franco galaxy nexus kernel)
0001-Fix-build-error-with-4.6.3-toolchain-smc-0.patch
(use 'git am 0001-Fix-build-error-with-4.6.3-toolchain-smc-0.patch' to apply)
OSX stat patches (fixes errors between GNU and BSD stat):
https://github.com/ezterry/AcerTabKernel/commit/0c49df3cc1a05a0ccd98201511cdc0534aaeb35a
Errors loading newly built modules (modules appear to build cleanly but wont install):
simply add -fno-pic to CFLAGS_MODULE
https://github.com/ezterry/AcerTabKernel/commit/c5ed0fcb014d36936a86ad253f15af43de2f644a
(I can add others here if highlighted to me, and as I find them)
[size=+1]Other Toolchain uses[/size]
The linux toolchain can be used to build android components, however this requires various manipulation to the android /build git repository as currently various other toolchains have hard coded paths into the prebuilt repo. If you intend to incorporate this into your build it may be best to inject the toolchain into your prebuilt repo rather than expect your users to download the links above, ensure to keep the compile notes as it explains how to get the source code to the toolchains)
On cygwin/osx it may also be possible to build android applications however I've not yet tested this as the scripts to make a proper build are complex when attempted outside the android build tree.

Excellent!!! thanks Man!!! Has been looking for one of these

Added in the OSX version of the toolchain (and some related patches)
Also if you are having problems with your modules built with this toolchain a CFLAG fixes it. (see note in common patches)

FINALLY!!! Great Instructions followed them to the T and BAM got my kernel compiled!!!

wow your toolchain is so small, many thanks, just compiled a kernel for my LG P500 gonna test it, thanks again

Bookmarked for testing when I wake up...
I can almost put: "Building under Windows is not currently supported." (quote from google), unofficially at least, out of my mind...
I have been spoiled by Windows for far too long I fear, my attempt for this last week at getting Linux setup and building CM9 has been nothing but a complete FAILURE, too many single line entrys for different distributions/package combo's, commands I dont know and cant find because of wildcard portions of them and lack of understanding, and not enough scripts like the wonderful Compile CM9 script someone put up (cant run it because all the pre-req's arent setup).
Good god Ill be jumping for joy if this works tomorrow on WinBlows!

EDIT: never mind, problem solved, what I need to know now won't be solved here

I wish i knew how to go about doing this..

Thanks
Thanks For ........... i Really need It .........

Hammerfest said:
Bookmarked for testing when I wake up...
I can almost put: "Building under Windows is not currently supported." (quote from google), unofficially at least, out of my mind...
I have been spoiled by Windows for far too long I fear, my attempt for this last week at getting Linux setup and building CM9 has been nothing but a complete FAILURE, too many single line entrys for different distributions/package combo's, commands I dont know and cant find because of wildcard portions of them and lack of understanding, and not enough scripts like the wonderful Compile CM9 script someone put up (cant run it because all the pre-req's arent setup).
Good god Ill be jumping for joy if this works tomorrow on WinBlows!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you succeed tell me how to do it in a more familiar way

I get errors regading the processor not being supported?

brfield said:
I get errors regading the processor not being supported?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry I can't support devs that have not learned cut copy and paste.
You probably forgot to export some of the environment variables or are just trying to run a arm binary on your PC and or a x86 binary on your arm device.
But why am I guessing? Why don't we know what you tried to run and what the actual text of the error was.. what type of kernel you tried to build, what you are running?
These packages are for developers if you feel like using them its time to learn to how to trouble shoot a problem and write a ticket to explain said problem clearly to others with at least some information to give us a chance to understand.
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using Tapatalk 2

Great guide. Have the bcm4329 wireless module, so followed the tips and everything compiled and works!
Thanks!

one question,how to compiled android kernel with -O3 optimization?

jxxhwy said:
one question,how to compiled android kernel with -O3 optimization?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Um, in general its recommended you don't:
-O3 is not recommended for the kernel as many low level parts require the assembly code generated to remain as is and not be optimized as will be by some of the options -O3 enables thus likely reducing the stability of your kernel.
---
That said the menuconfig has an option to optimize for size (-Os) if enabled else -O2
For other optimization (including tuning for your cpu) you can add them to the CFLAGS_KERNEL/CFLAGS_MODULE in the make file.)
For -O3 like functionality you could add the increment to the line:
-finline-functions, -funswitch-loops, -fpredictive-commoning, -fgcse-after-reload, -ftreel-vectorize, -ftree-partial-pre and -fipa-cp-clone
-Ofast is -O3 with -ffast-math as well
If you do build with all the -O3 or-Ofast options ensure you test the kernel for stability and run some benchmarks. (as it may not actually be faster depending on the cache misses)
The first option I'd start pruning was the one mentioned in my reference below -fgcse-after-reload.
If you really insist on -O3 rather than just adding the optimization you want that are not in O2,it can be added also in the Makefile where the configure flag is checked and its added to KBUILD_CFLAGS
Obviously all and any of this is at your own risk, anything that breaks you have to find a way to fix it.
Reference:
Gcc optimize options:
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Optimize-Options.html
Talk of O3 and the kernel (not android specific)
http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/1597/compiling-gnu-linux-with-o3-optimization

ezterry,thank you very much!
I want to build cm9 kernel using toolchain 4.6.3.
How to replace the default GCC 4.4.3 to 4.6.3 version?
BTW,I use the way -- make bootimage

jxxhwy said:
ezterry,thank you very much!
I want to build cm9 kernel using toolchain 4.6.3.
How to replace the default GCC 4.4.3 to 4.6.3 version?
BTW,I use the way -- make bootimage
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you are asking in a cm9 build tree.. its a pain, best is to update the cm kernel makefile to point the build chain temporarily.
If you mean just to compile by hand as described in the op
Once the kernel is compiled find an anykernel update.zip or manually use mkbootimg or fastboot to merge it with the ram disk. Cm9 targets mkbootimg and unpackbootimg (if I'm not mistaken) will build the applications to unpack your current (or the default cm9) boot image and re-create them with your custom kernel built from hand.

Now,I runing script file:
#Let's make sure the environment is clean and ready to compile the kernel
echo "Cleaning house!!"
make mrproper
echo "House cleaned, lets build a kernel!!!"
#
# Lets set the kernel defconfig
echo "defconfig = cyanogenmod_iprj_defconfig"
make ARCH=arm cyanogenmod_iprj_defconfig
#
# Let's build a kernel
echo "Now compiling kernel, go get a soda! "
ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=~/Android/sourcecm9/cm9/toolchain-4.6.3/bin/arm-linux-androideabi- make zImage -j4
#
if [ -f arch/arm/boot/zImage ]; then
echo "Plague has been compiled!!! You can find it in arch/arm/boot/zImage"
else
echo "Kernel did not compile, please check for errors!!"
fi
but,I got some error output:
/home/xxx/cm9/toolchain-4.6.3/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-ld: cannot find usr/initramfs_data.o: No such file or directory
thanks again!!!

I think that means there is an issue with your config..
Most android kernels require initramfs, but don't specify a file, as its provided by the bootloader.. However in your case it is trying to embed it into the kernel.
Sent from my A500 using Tapatalk 2

ezterry said:
I think that means there is an issue with your config..
Most android kernels require initramfs, but don't specify a file, as its provided by the bootloader.. However in your case it is trying to embed it into the kernel.
Sent from my A500 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
issue has been resolved by myslef.Thanks for your time.

This will not be worked on any longer thanks to Huawei's incompetence. I'm glad my main phone isn't by them. I leave my 0.2 diff attached (which did make my phone faster FWIW - and has fsync() control. Not of use to me, but people who use a modified libsqlite would like it...). Feel free to apply it and see if you can somehow fix dhd.ko loading.
Hi,
Not one for names, so this shall be known as "OC kernel" This is built from the ICS U8800pro source that Huawei put out.
Install at your own risk; I take no responsibilty for any damage that may occur through the usage of this kernel.
Features:
ADB as root
Overclocking enabled (thanks to genokolar)
Undervolting interface added (from genokolar, who took it from a SE kernel modder somewhere) - I think SetXperia can use it
SIO I/O scheduler added
SmartassV2 cpufreq scheduler (AnDyX mod) - although I think ondemand does a bit better IMO
sysfs entry to turn off keypad lights (I wrote an applet for this some time back, I'll dig it out later)
Logcat is always enabled now as the ServiceMenu toggle doesn't work anymore
Minimum display backlight is set to 15, but I think Android needs a framework change to use it. You could try RootDim
Kernel actually builds (and Bluetooth works)
ZRAM (+ swap) support. ZRAM is optimized for Android (taken from Siyah kernel). I'll write up the instructions on enabling this later
CIFS as module
Extras:
Change schedulers and phone speed:
Use a tool like No Frills CPU or SetCPU.
Turn off button lights:
Install the ButtonLight widget and add it to your main screen. I've published the source before in another thread; seek it out if you're after its (bad) code.
It's buggy the first few times you run it, but works fine after that.
Dim screen to 14:
The minimum backlight level is now set to 15. RootDim from the Play Store lets you set it to that.
Mount Windows shares:
Grab CifsMounter and point it to the cifs.ko in /system/lib/modules. You may also need to insmod nls_utf8.ko and md4.ko.
Enable ZRAM (taken from Siyah kernel):
(Note I've not used ZRAM so I have nothing to say on its stability, good or bad)
Grab a BusyBox binary from somewhere
Run the following commands:
Code:
echo 90 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness #You must set the swappiness high to ensure that the compressed RAM is accessed first!
echo $SIZE > /sys/devices/virtual/block/zram0/disksize #Set size to whatever you wish. 100MB is 104857600 = 100 * 1024 * 1024
busybox mkswap /dev/block/zram0
busybox swapon /dev/block/zram0
Dump the lines in install-recovery.sh if you want to be ZRAMMed every time you boot the phone (although in that case, make sure you have
Code:
busybox swapoff /dev/block/zram0 > /dev/null 2>&1 #Use > /dev/null 2>&1 for every busybox command in install-recovery.sh as it will discard any messages outputted
echo 1 > /sys/devices/virtual/block/zram0/reset
before the lines above)
Install:
Flash the attached ZIP in CWM recovery. You should backup your original boot.img and /system/lib/modules first
Source:
Take http://www.huaweidevice.com/worldwi...=toDownloadFile&flay=software&softid=NDY3NTU= and apply attached diff

at last..xaaxxaa!!but why with modules too???whats their use?

pikachukaki said:
at last..xaaxxaa!!but why with modules too???whats their use?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
'cause I add a new module - cifs (used by CifsMounter if you want to mount Windows shares) - and because the modules that are originally in /system/lib/modules need to be replaced so that they can load with this kernel (I don't know what those modules do, but I'd rather play it safe)

qwerty12 said:
'cause I add a new module - cifs (used by CifsMounter if you want to mount Windows shares) - and because the modules that are originally in /system/lib/modules need to be replaced so that they can load with this kernel (I don't know what those modules do, but I'd rather play it safe)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Boot normally change io to sio and smartassv2...1500mhz lets check..good work..i envy you and i want your guide on compiling...xaaxax im off to bed!!
fps is locked!!xaaxax

pikachukaki said:
Boot normally change io to sio and smartassv2...1500mhz lets check..good work..i envy you and i want your guide on compiling...xaaxax im off to bed!!
fps is locked!!xaaxax
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'll write it up sometime - but bear in mind I'm not an expert at this
Regarding FPS: do the install-recovery.sh trick
Only thing I modify in initramfs is the ro.secure setting so that ADB can be ran as root

qwerty12 said:
I'll write it up sometime - but bear in mind I'm not an expert at this
Regarding FPS: do the install-recovery.sh trick
Only thing I modify in initramfs is the ro.secure setting so that ADB can be ran as root
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You did a great job i couldnt even compile the kernel without changes!!you did great!!
the difference is obvious !!
Sent from my U8800Pro using xda premium

Pika When U add This Kernet To ur ROM?

As expected from qwerty12!
Great job!
I'll also request a guide on how to build the kernel like pika asked.
Hope you continue to improve the kernel! A thanks is simply not enough to thank you for your work, but thanks again

husen4u said:
Pika When U add This Kernet To ur ROM?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I wont!just d/w it and flash it!simple!
Sent from my U8800Pro using xda premium

Now what you suggest oc ics or kalo gb?
Sent from my U8800pro using xda app-developers app

husen4u said:
Now what you suggest oc ics or kalo gb?
Sent from my U8800pro using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
From now on i wont ever go back to GB ever again! if our luck changes and someone release cm9 i will forget what gb is!! there are some small bugs but the rom is usable for everyday!!

Moihack said:
As expected from qwerty12!
Great job!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you
I'll also request a guide on how to build the kernel like pika asked.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Certainly, sir.
Hope you continue to improve the kernel! A thanks is simply not enough to thank you for your work, but thanks again
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Unfortunately I won't be working on this anymore unless Huawei get back to my request for the source to the the dhd.ko module (which they may not have to comply with because the license for the module states "Unless you and Broadcom execute a separate written software license agreement governing use of this software" so the U8800pro version may not be under GPL). I made (well, found on the Internet) more optimizations but the Wi-Fi refuses to turn on because the dhd.ko module refuses to load. Only way I can get something working is to build the source that Huawei give or attempt to force other versions of the bcm source to load, but it's unlikely that would work.
--
Anyway, a small guide.
I used an x86_64 laptop running (X)ubuntu 12.04.1 to follow these steps. This page was a great resource.
Prerequisites:
A computer running GNU/Linux (a Mac should work in theory - the same toolchain we use is built for it, too, but I have no idea how OS X works)
git installed (apt-get install --no-install-recommends git-core is enough under Ubuntu)
sudo apt-get install flex bison gperf build-essential libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev ia32-libs lib32z1-dev lib32ncurses5-dev gcc-multilib g++-multilib abootimg
Getting ADB working
One of the best things to do is getting ADB set up, as you then have easy communication with the device. It's not essential but you'll just end up wasting time transferring files through other, longer means.
Grab the Linux platform tools ZIP from here: http://www.hariadi.org/android/manually-download-of-android-sdk-tools-and-sdk-platform-tools/. Extract the adb binary from the zip file, preferably to somewhere in your $PATH. chmod 755 it. chown, if necessary.
Next, open http://aur.archlinux.org/packages/an/android-udev/android-udev.tar.gz and, doing all this as root (sudo in Terminal etc.), place 51-android.rules in /lib/udev/rules.d/ (not the best place - but it works), chmod 644 it and chown root:root it.
Next, execute /usr/sbin/groupadd adbusers, followed by gpasswd -a USERNAME adbusers, USERNAME being the user you normally log on with.
Restart (while you can force Linux to see the new group through the, well, newgrp command udev will not "see" the new rule, despite how much you try with udevadm).
That should be ADB set up (give it a test, remembering to enable USB debugging mode on the phone first!).
On to preparing your workarea.
--
Create a new folder in your home folder and cd to it. This folder will house the prebuilt folder of toolchains and other stuff, and the kernel source in a folder of its own.
In this folder, execute git clone --depth 1 https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilt.git and move onto the next step, since the download takes a while. That command grabs the prebuilt toolchain from Google using Git, but doesn't obtain a deep history for each file to make the download quicker.
Open http://www.huaweidevice.com/worldwi...=toDownloadFile&flay=software&softid=NDY3NTU= and save the source to your Downloads directory. After git has finished running, still in the folder with the "prebuilt" folder, execute tar jxf ~/Downloads/HUAWEI_U8800pro<tab - as in actually press tab> and you should have a kernel folder alongside the prebuilt one.
Building the kernel
cd to this new kernel folder.
First things first: make sure that Bluetooth is properly enabled by editing the Makefile. Find the line #ifeq ($(ENABLE_BTLA_VER30),true) and comment out every line in that section except for KBUILD_CFLAGS += -DHUAWEI_BT_BTLA_VER30 so you end up with this:
Code:
#/* < DTS2012020604357 zhangyun 20120206 begin */
# Add Huawei Marco for different BT chip
#ifeq ($(ENABLE_BTLA_VER30),true)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -DHUAWEI_BT_BTLA_VER30
#endif
#ifeq ($(ENABLE_BLUEZ_VER30),true)
#KBUILD_CFLAGS += -DHUAWEI_BT_BLUEZ_VER30
#endif
#/* DTS2012020604357 zhangyun 20120206 end > */
Commenting out the offending code leaves you with a kernel that builds but a Bluetooth module that won't start up - the same also applies if you try to build with the other define.
You can also make things easier for yourself by replacing the following
Code:
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)
with
Code:
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= ../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/arm-eabi-
else you will have to put "ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/arm-eabi-" after "make" each time. Remember this as I'll be assuming that you went for the option to edit the Makefile. I also assume that the prebuilt folder is above the kernel one. Adjust CROSS_COMPILE if necessary.
The ARCH variable is self-explanatory, but the CROSS_COMPILE variable (and the toolchain that it's pointing to) need to be set because the standard GNU development tools that apt installs don't produce output that an ARM processor can understand. So you cross-compile: the tools are for the X86 architecture but produce ARM output. 4.4.3 is chosen because the stock kernel is compiled with GCC 4.4.3 (if you run "adb shell cat /proc/version" you'll see). The arm-eabi-4.4.3 folder is chosen over arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.x because it specifies that magic "3" (I know, bad way to decide but it works), and over i686-android-linux-4.4.3 because we don't want to produce code for the PC.
Get the current configuration in use by the stock kernel (as that's a good point to start from - a known working configuration): http://wiki.cyanogenmod.com/wiki/Building_Kernel_from_source#Configure_the_Build
I'd also recommend placing a copy of .config as arch/arm/configs/<your funky name here> so that if .config gets deleted (make clean etc.) you can run make <the name you gave to the file in arch/arm/configs> and have .config come back again.
(cp arch/arm/configs/<the name you gave to the file> .config if you didn't modify the Makefile to specify the ARM arch.)
Run make oldconfig (not always necessary - generally it's invoked if you've applied a patch that introduces a new config option and the option then needs to go into your .config. Run make menuconfig afterwards and customize away.
When you're done, run make -jX - X as in the number of cores you have + 1. So, in my case, with a quad-core processor and HyperThreading enabled on all of them, "make -j9" works for me. If the compile went OK, you'll be left with a message saying that arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready. If not, run "make" without the -jX argument and make should stop where the error occurs. Have fun fixing the error!
Assuming that you have a new, shiny zImage, it's now time to put it into your boot.img.
Updating your boot.img:
Google have tools for this purpose but I've never used them so I don't know how they work. abootimg works fine for this, however.
Pull the current boot.img off your phone: adb pull /.cust_backup/image/boot.img.. I'd recommend creating a backup somewhere.
Create a new directory to store the boot.img in on your computer and run abootimg -x boot.img (if you had fun enabling every option in the kernel, you'll see why I'm telling you to use the -x option first rather than directly use the -u option). Now run abootimg -u boot.img -k <path to your newly built zImage>.
If this succeeds, yay! If not and you're told it's too big for the boot image, then don't worry. Take the size it's saying that the zImage is and convert that number into hex. Edit bootimg.cfg and change the value of the bootsize setting into the number you just converted into hex. We'll now repack again, but this time running abootimg -u boot.img -f bootimg.cfg -k <path to your newly built zImage>. This should work.
Sending the boot.img to the phone
If your ADB is already running as root, you can do the following to upload the new bootimg:
Code:
adb shell mount -o remount,rw /.cust_backup
adb push boot.img /.cust_backup/image/
adb reboot
If not, just reboot into pink screen mode and copy and paste.
Check System Settings and the version number should've changed. Congratulations!
Extras
Installing the modules:
OK, so you decided to build parts of the kernel as a module and you want to actually, y'know, have the modules present on the device. After building the kernel, execute:
make INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=<any folder name here>
If you look in that folder, you'll find the modules neatly wrapped up in folders, along with other text files. These text files are useless on a stock ROM because there's no modprobe - you need BusyBox for that. And since we don't want to have them seperated in folders (this is how the stock kernel does it), the files would be wrong, anyway. If you want to use modprobe and have BusyBox installed, you can run depmod on the phone after transferring the modules.
To get the modules into one folder make the directory "modules" in a folder higher-up to where the modules are stored, and then run for i in `find . | grep ko`; do mv "$i" ../modules/; done to move them into that folder.
At this point, I'd just recommend using my OC_Kernel.zip and replacing the modules in that. Or you can adb push them over to the /system/lib/modules folder (after issuing an "adb remount" - assuming that ADB is running as root in the first place).
Making ADB run as root:
As root on your computer, (we want to preserve permissions) use abootimg to split the boot image and extract the contents of the initrd:
abootimg -x boot.img && mkdir newramdisk && cd newramdisk && zcat ../initrd.img | cpio -i --no-absolute-filenames (--no-absolute-filenames is important! I trashed a Ubuntu install by leaving it out - the initrd contains ARM binaries of core Linux programs and if the initrd.img contains an absolute path of "/" then these files will get placed in /)
Make any changes you desire to the initrd. To have adb run as root, just edit /default.prop and set ro.secure to 0. Make sure that the editor you used didn't leave any backup files.
When you're done, run find . -print | cpio -o -H newc | gzip -n -9 > ../initrd.img and this will put the modified initrd folder back into initrd.img.
After that run cd .. ; abootimg -u boot.img -r initrd.img to actually put the initrd.img back into the boot.img.
If you run into a space error, you can do one of three things:
if you only made a single change (like enabling ADB), check to see that there is no backup file (default.prop~) littered about
you can remove the lengthy comments and copyright notices from the files to make space
you can use the trick we used earlier with abootimg to increase the size number in bootimg.cfg for the initrd
Overclocking:
Just look at the acpuclock C file (and possibly relevant cpufreq changes - but I can't remember) in my "OC kernel" diff. Make sure that the option in the kernel config is selected to limit the speeds to the U8800pro's native 1GHz, otherwise the phone will boot at 2GHz!
Rebuilding the Wi-Fi module:
I hope to be able to write this one since it's apparently needed in some cases, but it depends on if Huawei come through

any idea about this error?
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:327: error: rtc_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:327: error: rtc_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:241: error: othc0_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:241: error: othc0_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:250: error: othc1_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:250: error: othc1_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:261: error: othc2_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:261: error: othc2_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:183: error: misc_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:183: error: misc_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:210: error: thermal_alarm_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:210: error: thermal_alarm_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:270: error: batt_alarm_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:270: error: batt_alarm_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:152: error: pm8058_charger_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:152: error: pm8058_charger_resources causes a section type conflict

matteof93 said:
any idea about this error?
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:327: error: rtc_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:327: error: rtc_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:241: error: othc0_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:241: error: othc0_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:250: error: othc1_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:250: error: othc1_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:261: error: othc2_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:261: error: othc2_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:183: error: misc_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:183: error: misc_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:210: error: thermal_alarm_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:210: error: thermal_alarm_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:270: error: batt_alarm_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:270: error: batt_alarm_cell_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:152: error: pm8058_charger_resources causes a section type conflict
drivers/mfd/pmic8058.c:152: error: pm8058_charger_resources causes a section type conflict
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Honestly, I have no idea. What toolchain are you using and where was your .config obtained from? Even when the Bluetooth thing was giving me errors, I never once saw that

same toolchain you have used. i have tried with ubuntu 12.04 x64 and ubuntu 10.04 x86 but same problem.....i have obtained my config from my phone using adb command

matteof93 said:
same toolchain you have used. i have tried with ubuntu 12.04 x64 and ubuntu 10.04 x86 but same problem.....i have obtained my config from my phone using adb command
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't know why the same toolchain works on my laptop but not yours :\
Someone with a similar problem (same?) solved it by using an older toolchain: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=27294383&postcount=7157

thanks thanks thanks.....i saw that post this morning but i did not noticed the post with the solution
UPDATE: NOW KERNEL COMPILED CORRECTLY....this means that tomorrow i know what to do

ZRAM (+ swap) support. ZRAM is optimized for Android (taken from Siyah kernel). I'll write up the instructions on enabling this later
qwerty your owning us some instructions!!xaaxxa

pikachukaki said:
qwerty your owning us some instructions!!xaaxxa
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Done, check the first post
I also won't be working on this. My email (which does clearly state what I want, even if it's long-winded):
Dear Sir/Madam,
I recently built a kernel for my U8800pro from your sources and it
works fine, except that the Wi-Fi will not start because the dhd.ko
module that comes with the B928 firmware refuses to load into my
modified kernel. After looking around, the bcm4329 source is what I
need to build (usually distributed outside of the kernel); however, it
seems that the U8800pro uses a customized version. After looking at
the strings of the dhd.ko on the B928 firmware, I have seen many
strings that are present in that dhd.ko binary do not appear in:
* bcm_4.218.248.6_7x25_wifi_driver.tar from the Huawei Device website,
despite it having the same version number
* the bcm4329 source in the Qualcomm CodeAurora Git repository
* the bcm4329 source on the NyVIDIA Tegra Git repository
Furthermore, the strings also do not appear in the ICS kernel nor the
Gingerbread one. I can only conclude that Huawei have their own
specialized version of the bcm4329 4.218.248.6 source for the U8800pro
that is distributed outside the kernel. I understand that Qualcomm
allow the option to let the vendor arrange to have the code
distributed under a different license provided that the vendor makes
an agreement beforehand with Qualcomm. Otherwise it becomes GPLed by
default. If Huawei chose to make an agreement, then I have no right to
ask. However, I believe it is still licensed under the GPL for two
reasons:
* Running modinfo on the dhd.ko from the B928 firmware says this:
"license: GPL v2
* Both bcm_4.218.248.6_7x25_wifi_driver.tar.gz and
[S7][SoftWare]S7_Broadcom_BCM4329_4.218.205.0_Open_Source are under
the GPL
I would like to request the source code, please, of the bcm4329
4.218.248.6 source that is modified for the U8800pro if the code is
under the GPL
Best regards
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
was met with the following generic response:
Dear Customer,
Thank you for contacting Huawei device.
This is our website link http://www.huaweidevice.com/worldwide/searchResult.
do?method=execute&searchString=U8800pro where you can download the secure
code for U8800pro to you.
Once again thank you for contacting Huawei device.
Best Regards.
Huawei Device Customer Care Team.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Since my U8800pro is not my main phone anymore, I do not have the energy to fight. Nor do I want to work on Huawei's kernel, where you have to be careful about what you change or the Wi-Fi module won't load (and Huawei won't give you the source - which they should do since I'm sure it's under GPL). matteof93 will most likely produce something better or when everyone starts producing their own kernels and make enough improvements to be hit with the same issue as I, they'll start to get more emails and listen

@qwerty at the last command it said that device is busy...also is there any way that you can make it for init.d so it will be easier??thx!!

This is a guide about getting a Linux distribution up and running on your Nexus 9. The goal of this thread is to give a basic understanding about how to get a basic system running, but not working throughout all the kinks that come with doing so on tablet style hardware.
This guide will be non-destructive, and won't touch the data on your tablet. Unless of course you've yet to unlock your bootloader, which if that is the case then shame on you.
Some prerequisites before starting this project with your Nexus 9
A Linux distribution running on your computer. Either in a virtual machine or as your main OS.
A USB flash drive
USB OTG cable
Some things that are nice to have
USB hub
USB keyboard
USB mouse
USB network card
Headphone UART cable
A brief overview about what we are going to be doing here.
First we are going to be building an initramfs. This is a small filesystem with a bare minimum set of tools that can be loaded in to RAM space and use. We will be using this while we are initially getting our kernel up and running, to make sure we didn't mess anything up.
Next we will move on to building the actual kernel for the device. We will be running a Android kernel since Nvidia hasn't been the quickest on their attempt to upstreaming everything required to run this device on a upstream Linux kernel. So we'll be running a 3.10 kernel, which is a heck of a lot better than some 3.0 or 3.4 thing that older devices are on.
Third we will be building our rootfs that will run from an external USB storage device, so we don't affect any data actually on the tablet. I may also add to the guide how to partition your internal storage space so we can use that instead.
[Step 0/4]
We need to set up our build environment on our host Linux distribution before we begin anything. I'm going to assume that the host Linux system we are running is Debian/Ubuntu based, so we'll be using apt to grab our packages we need.
Code:
sudo apt-get install gcc g++ git gcc-4.9-aarch64-linux-gnu g++-4.9-aarch64-linux-gnu libncurses5-dev
This installs the host gcc and AArch64 cross compiler, along with git. We will need these tools to build everything required.
Things that don't work.
Rebooting
Touchscreen
Way more things that people care about

The first step that we will be doing is building our filesystem that we will load in to memory for testing.
This is typically called an initramfs, which tends to be a compressed filesystem that gets copied in to a kernel image once the kernel is built. We won't be using this image for long, as it is mostly to make sure we have everything working correctly before jumping to a full linux distribution.
This step is technically unnecessary, but it brings you up to speed with what initially needs to be done to get something running.
So starting off, we are going to need to pick a target for the filesystem. I've decided to go with buildroot since it is a project that is really easy to get built.
Steps Overview
Clone buildroot with git
Setup buildroot to cross compile
Set up basic options
Compile!
1)*Clone buildroot from github.
Code:
git clone https://github.com/buildroot/buildroot.git
cd buildroot
2)*Start configuring buildroot
Code:
make menuconfig
This will bring up a menu for determining how we want to build our buildroot. We have quite a few things to change.
These options enable building an AArch64 capable buildroot using the Linaro AArch64 toolchain, with it outputting a terminal to ttyFIQ0 which is the headphone UART terminal. Along with taking the filesystem and pushing it in to a cpio archive which later the linux kernel understands how to use.
Target options->Target Architecture->AArch64
Toolchain->Toolchain type->External toolchain
External toolchain automatically enables the Linaro AArch64 toolchain below it.
System configuration->getty options->TTY port->ttyFIQ0
Filesystem images->cpio the root filesystem
3)*Build the buildroot
Code:
make
This will go through downloading all the packages required to build an AArch64 buildroot. So go make a cup of tea, this should only take a few minutes depending on your internet speed and computer speed.
Once the system has gone through compiling everything, then you'll have a file available.
This file will end up in the `output/images/` folder as the file 'rootfs.cpio'. If that file isn't there then something terrible has happened.
If the file is there, then everything on this step is done! We built our temporary filesystem which we will be putting to use in the next step!

This is really the meat of the guide. Building the kernel correctly is half the battle with running a full Linux distribution on the device. We are going to be pulling our kernel from the official Android repository and changing the default configuration to suit our needs.
Steps Overview
Clone kernel with git
Configure environment for cross-compiling
Configure the kernel for building correctly
Test run kernel
1) Clone the kernel using git
This step will take quite a bit of time since it is fairly large.
Code:
git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/tegra.git
cd tegra
2)*Checkout the correct branch
Code:
git checkout android-tegra-flounder-3.10-lollipop-release
3)*Set environment variables for cross-compiling the Linux kernel
Code:
export ARCH=arm64
export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
4) Configure the kernel
Code:
make flounder_defconfig
make menuconfig
This will bring up a menu just like how the buildroot menu came up. We need to set a few options to make sure everything comes up correctly on the Nexus 9.
General setup->Cross-compiler tool prefix->aarch64-linux-gnu-
General setup->Initramfs source file(s)-><The cpio file that was built in the buildroot>
Mine was '/home/ryanh/work/N9_Kernel_Tutorial/buildroot/output/images/rootfs.cpio'
Device Drivers->Character devices->Virtual Terminal
Device Drivers->Generic Driver Options->Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev
Device Drivers->Generic Driver Options->Automount devtmpfs at /dev...
Device Drivers->Network device support->Wireless LAN->Firmware path->/lib/firmware/fw_bcmdhd.bin
Device Drivers->Network device support->Wireless LAN->NVRAM path->/etc/wifi/bcmdhd.cal
Device Drivers->Character devices->Virtual terminal
Device Drivers->Watchdog Timer Support->Tegra watchdog (Disable it)
Device Drivers->Staging drivers->Android->Put the FIQ debugger into console mode by default
Device Drivers->Graphics support->Tegra Framebuffer driver
Device Drivers->Graphics support->Console display driver support->Framebuffer Console support
Device Drivers->Graphics support->Console display driver support->Map the console to the primary display device
Device Drivers->Graphics support->Console display driver support->Framebuffer Console Rotation
We've got to enable the tegra watchdog otherwise the device will reboot automatically every two minutes.
The few other things are needed for a sane Linux environment and also setting the initramfs file as our root filesystem.
5)*Compile the kernel
Code:
make -j5
If you're lucky it will build without error and you'll have a file in 'arch/arm64/boot/' named 'Image.gz-dtb' which is the final kernel file.
With this file we should be able to boot a kernel with a buildroot automatically mounted.
Test run the kernel!
This is where I recommend having your headphone UART cable, because this won't update the screen at all and it will seem like it has locked up. The cable is fairly easy to make with a little bit of know how about soldering and electronics, and will save you from tearing out your hair trying to figure out what went wrong.
Without the cable you won't be able to see any output, so either build the cable or skip this step.
To see output from the cable you need to connect to it with either gnu screen or minicom
Code:
sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
To boot the kernel reboot in to the bootloader and then boot the kernel using fastboot
Code:
adb reboot bootloader
fastboot -c "console=ttyFIQ0,115200n8 rw" boot arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz-dtb
Once you do this, over the UART cable you'll see the Linux kernel booting and have a buildroot login terminal.
The default username is 'root' without any password.
Code:
Welcome to Buildroot
buildroot login: root
# uname -a
Linux buildroot 3.10.40-ga3846f1 #2 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 27 06:15:13 CST 2014 aarch64 GNU/Linux
This shows that the kernel is booting properly and jumping in to our buildroot correctly.
To go back in to Android from this area just type reboot in to the terminal instance.

The final step in getting a Linux distro is to build our root filesystem on a USB flash drive.
Steps Overview
Format flash drive as ext2/ext3/ext4
Dump Ubuntu rootfs on to the flash drive
Minor configuration
Rebuild Linux kernel with new options
The first thing we will want to be doing is formatting a flash drive to a Linux partition type. I am going to be using an ext3 partition on a 64GB USB 3.0 flash drive. I'd recommend at least an 8GB flash drive, anything smaller may have issues with fitting everything on to it.
Once you're done flashing your drive you'll need to download an Ubuntu Core image for AArch64/ARM64/ARMv8.
Download the Ubuntu Core 14.04.1 image*Here. Make sure to grab the 'arm64' tar.gz file, not the 'amd64' file.
Once you have the flash drive formatted and mounted, extract the ubuntu core image to the flash drive.
Code:
sudo tar zxf ubuntu-core-14.04.1-core-arm64.tar.gz -C Mount/
Configuring the Ubuntu Core image for the Nexus 9
Steps Overview
Terminal over UART configuration
DNS configuration
Firmware files
Add user
In order to properly get a terminal instance over the UART we have to add a package to the base Ubuntu core image.
This is a small package that all it does is open a new terminal instance over the configured getty instance. The package can be found*Here.
To install it to the root filesystem just unpack it to the root filesystem on the USB flash drive
Code:
sudo tar xf console.tar -C Mount/
We need to set up a DNS server so that the filesystem will be able to resolve addresses via DNS.
Let's just set it to Google's DNS.
Code:
sudo echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8' >> Mount/etc/resolv.conf
We've got to grab the firmware files from the Nexus 9 in order for the device to stop spamming warnings at us in the console.
These are used for multiple things, so it is a good idea to grab them. You can grab these either from a factory image or directly from the Nexus 9. I chose to grab mine directly from the Nexus 9.
Code:
sudo mkdir Mount/lib/firmware
sudo mkdir Mount/etc/wifi
sudo adb pull /vendor/firmware Mount/lib/firmware/
sudo adb pull /system/etc/wifi/bcmdhd.cal Mount/etc/wifi/
We need to add a user to the root filesystem. This is a fairly annoying step because we actually need to chroot in to the filesystem.
There is a really nice guide to doing this on a ARMv7 filesystem*Here. This won't work for our system because we are working with ARMv8 instead.
So we are going to use that guide as a base but change it over to support what we need to do for AArch64.
First thing we've got to do is build qemu as a static binary for AArch64
This is fairly straight forward.
Code:
git clone git://git.qemu-project.org/qemu.git
cd qemu
sudo apt-get build-dep qemu
./configure --target-list=aarch64-linux-user *--static --disable-werror
make -j5
This will get us a binary in the aarch64-linux-user folder called 'qemu-aarch64'
We will need to rename this to 'qemu-arm64-static' and move it in to the '/usr/bin/' folder inside of our root partition
Once qemu is inside of the root partition, we will be able to chroot in to it and add our user.
So go in to the root directory of our filesystem we are generating, and run a few basic commands.
Set up some mounts inside of the chroot
Code:
for m in `echo 'sys dev proc'`; do sudo mount /$m ./$m -o bind; done
*Chroot in to the root filesystem
Code:
sudo LC_ALL=C chroot . /bin/bash
Now we are inside of the root filesystem, we can add the new user to it.
Let's just add a new user named 'ubuntu'. The first command will ask for a password for your user. The rest will add it to some default groups to make sure it can do things.
Code:
adduser ubuntu
addgroup ubuntu adm
addgroup ubuntu sudo
Once the user is added you can exit the root filesystem with a regular exit command, then we have to make sure to unmount all of the mounts we did prior to chrooting in to the filesystem.
Code:
for m in `echo 'sys dev proc'`; do sudo umount ./$m; done
Make sure to cleanly unmount the flash drive so everything is written to it.
Reconfigure the kernel to boot from flash drive instead of initramfs
1)*Go in to the kernel configuration
Code:
make menuconfig
Change the configuration to remove the initramfs
General Setup->Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support (Disable it)
Then exit the menu and rebuild the kernel
Code:
make -j5
Running the Ubuntu Core Image
So with the device sitting at the bootloader we will need to boot the new kernel
Code:
fastboot -c "fbcon=rotate:1 root=/dev/sda1 rootwait rw" boot arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz-dtb
This will boot the kernel and then it'll wait until you plug in the flash drive to continue booting.
So plug the USB hub in to the USB OTG cable. Then plug your USB flash drive and USB keyboard in to the USB hub.
After that plug the USB OTG cable in to the tablet and it will continue booting.
Give it roughly 20-60 seconds and it will show a login prompt on the devices screen.
You'll be able to login to the core image with the user you created earlier.
With some packages installed like the xubuntu-desktop environment you can have a full desktop available.

Reserved for QA - Additional Information - Misc
Information
Hardware acceleration
Potentially hardware acceleration should be possible using the Nouveau video driver. This is completely untested, and the Nouveau version included with Ubuntu 14.04 isn't new enough to have GK20a support. One would most likely need to build Nouveau from ToT to get support.
Known Issues
If something tries enabling the wifi chipset then the kernel will hardlock and cause the device to reboot. It may be best to disable the broadcom driver in the kernel until that is figured out.
Bluetooth doesn't seem to work. Not sure why not. Seems to show up as a device, but it can't be used.

Wow thanks for taking the time to post this tuturial.
Greatly apriciated.

Nice work, excellent writeup.

Cant wait to try!!
---------- Post added at 08:35 PM ---------- Previous post was at 08:31 PM ----------
Where did you get your headphone UART cable

Great work sonic, been waiting for this. Will try and report back.

I took some time to figure out how to fix the integrated wireless LAN in the tablet.
This requires grabbing an additional file from the tablet and configuring a few kernel options so they know where the new file locations are since previously they are configured to Android specific locations.
Seems to work fine on my 802.11n 2.4Ghz network.

Running into a snag while compiling the kernel. It always fails at this exact spot on Ubuntu 14.10. Any ideas? (first time compiling a kernel from source )
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}

farmerbb said:
Running into a snag while compiling the kernel. It always fails at this exact spot on Ubuntu 14.10. Any ideas? (first time compiling a kernel from source )
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Note: that does not tell me what failed
When the build failes can you do
Code:
make
Then give me the output

USBhost said:
Note: that does not tell me what failed
When the build failes can you do
Code:
make
Then give me the output
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
OK, here's what failed. Looks like an error in qcom_usb_modem_power.c:

Looks like it's having a fit in a required module that is enabled for the tegra platform.
Looks like a new warning that has cropped up in a newer version of GCC? My AArch64 gcc version that I'm running is 4.8.2. I can install 4.9.1 and test there but it will have to be later.
GCC is definitely right in this case though, Qualcomm managed to screw up a basic memset function call. The zero is supposed to be the middle argument, and GCC recognizes it as an warning now. Which gets upgraded to an error with some configuration.
If you know light C/C++ you can change those two lines that it is complaining about to be correct.
Should be
memset(modem->ftrace_cmd, 0, sizeof(modem->ftrace_cmd));
and
memset(modem->msr_info_list, 0, sizeof(modem->msr_info_list));
For those two lines at 1912 and 1915 respectively.
Looks like I'm going to have to start a patch set for this to work around Qualcomm failing.

sonicadvance1 said:
Looks like it's having a fit in a required module that is enabled for the tegra platform.
Looks like a new warning that has cropped up in a newer version of GCC? My AArch64 gcc version that I'm running is 4.8.2. I can install 4.9.1 and test there but it will have to be later.
GCC is definitely right in this case though, Qualcomm managed to screw up a basic memset function call. The zero is supposed to be the middle argument, and GCC recognizes it as an warning now. Which gets upgraded to an error with some configuration.
If you know light C/C++ you can change those two lines that it is complaining about to be correct.
Should be
memset(modem->ftrace_cmd, 0, sizeof(modem->ftrace_cmd));
and
memset(modem->msr_info_list, 0, sizeof(modem->msr_info_list));
For those two lines at 1912 and 1915 respectively.
Looks like I'm going to have to start a patch set for this to work around Qualcomm failing.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I made the changes to qcom_usb_modem_power.c as you listed, and got the kernel to compile okay.
Starting from a fresh Ubuntu 14.10 install (inside a VM), I ended up installing these additional packages in addition to the ones you list in step 0:
Code:
libncurses5-dev libc6:i386 libstdc++6:i386 zlib1g:i386 qemu binfmt-support qemu-user-static android-tools-adb android-tools-fastboot
To get the kernel to compile, I also needed to symlink aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-4.9 to aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc in /usr/bin, for make to recognize the correct gcc program.
But anyway, I've gotten my N9 booted to the Ubuntu login prompt Now I just need to grab a USB keyboard so that I can actually login!
Thanks so much for the guide! Can't wait for MultiROM to be ported to our device, to make this easier to boot

farmerbb said:
I made the changes to qcom_usb_modem_power.c as you listed, and got the kernel to compile okay.
Starting from a fresh Ubuntu 14.10 install (inside a VM), I ended up installing these additional packages in addition to the ones you list in step 0:
Code:
libncurses5-dev libc6:i386 libstdc++6:i386 zlib1g:i386 qemu binfmt-support qemu-user-static android-tools-adb android-tools-fastboot
To get the kernel to compile, I also needed to symlink aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-4.9 to aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc in /usr/bin, for make to recognize the correct gcc program.
But anyway, I've gotten my N9 booted to the Ubuntu login prompt Now I just need to grab a USB keyboard so that I can actually login!
Thanks so much for the guide! Can't wait for MultiROM to be ported to our device, to make this easier to boot
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
ii cant wait

Excellent guide. Thank you very much.
It appears the "*" in this configure command below may be a typo?
sonicadvance1 said:
Code:
git clone git://git.qemu-project.org/qemu.git
cd qemu
sudo apt-get build-dep qemu
./configure --target-list=aarch64-linux-user *--static --disable-werror
make -j5
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Anyway, I am running into a more serious issue (Problem resolved. See bottom.) executing dynamically build aarch64 binaries. On my 14.10 x86 machine, I am able to execute statically build aarch64 binaries using my new qemu-aarch64 emulator. I am not able to execute dynamically build aarch64 binaries. For instance, when I try to execute bin/bash from the mounted root filesystem directly on the host, it will complain:
/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1: No such file or directory
Now this is all right, because I don't have the required aarch64 shared libs on my x86 machine. So I copied qemu-aarch64 to /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static on the mounted root filesystem. However, when I run chroot (executing the same /bin/bash):
sonicadvance1 said:
Code:
sudo LC_ALL=C chroot . /bin/bash
Now we are inside of the root filesystem, we can add the new user to it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
...I am getting this:
chroot: failed to run command ‘/bin/bash’: No such file or directory
I think this is due to the same issue as above: that qemu is looking for aarch64 shared libs (/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 is needed to run bash) on my host machine. Should it not, due to chroot, look for them in the mounted root filesystem (where they actually are)?
Other than this... my ARM64 kernel is booting fine. The only problem is, that I cannot login to it yet, because I wasn't able to add a new user.
Edit: Interestingly, the following "works":
Code:
$ sudo chroot . usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static /bin/bash
bash: /usr/bin/groups: No such file or directory
[email protected]:/#
Now inside the chroot running the aarch64 variant of /bin/bash, I am still unable to start any aarch64 executables. But tab-completion works and I am able to find and run /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static (the x86 binary). Could this be a problem with any binfmts mappings inside chroot? Odd.
Edit 2: Solved. Just tried from another machine (10.04) and here, everything is working perfectly. I probably have chroot hosed on my 1st machine. Excellent guide. One last note: if you don't have qemu installed on your host machine, you may need to run the following:
Code:
sudo apt-get install qemu binfmt-support qemu-user-static

t1mur said:
Excellent guide. Thank you very much.
It appears the "*" in this configure command below may be a typo?
Anyway, I am running into a more serious issue executing dynamically build aarch64 binaries. On my 14.10 x86 machine, I am able to execute statically build aarch64 binaries using my new qemu-aarch64 emulator. I am not able to execute dynamically build aarch64 binaries. For instance, when I try to execute bin/bash from the mounted root filesystem directly on the host, it will complain:
/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1: No such file or directory
Now this is all right, because I don't have the required aarch64 shared libs on my x86 machine. So I copied qemu-aarch64 to /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static on the mounted root filesystem. However, when I run chroot (executing the same /bin/bash):
...I am getting this:
chroot: failed to run command ‘/bin/bash’: No such file or directory
I think this is due to the same issue as above: that qemu is looking for aarch64 shared libs (/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 is needed to run bash) on my host machine. Should it not, due to chroot, look for them in the mounted root filesystem (where they actually are)?
Other than this... my ARM64 kernel is booting fine. The only problem is, that I cannot login to it yet, because I wasn't able to add a new user.
Edit: Interestingly, the following "works":
Code:
$ sudo chroot . usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static /bin/bash
bash: /usr/bin/groups: No such file or directory
[email protected]:/#
Now inside the chroot running the aarch64 variant of /bin/bash, I am still unable to start any aarch64 executables. But tab-completion works and I am able to find and run /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static (the x86 binary). Could this be a problem with any binfmts mappings inside chroot? Odd.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I ran into these exact issues as well, and was eventually able to get the chroot working properly
Make sure you have the qemu, binfmt-support, qemu-user-static packages installed, and run 'update-binfmts --display' to ensure that aarch64 support is registered properly. Also make sure you've named the 'qemu-aarch64' binary as 'qemu-arm64-static' (not 'qemu-aarch64-static') at usr/bin on the flash drive (the Ubuntu Core image recognizes its architecture as arm64, not aarch64)

farmerbb said:
I ran into these exact issues as well, and was eventually able to get the chroot working properly
Make sure you have the qemu, binfmt-support, qemu-user-static packages installed, and run 'update-binfmts --display' to ensure that aarch64 support is registered properly. Also make sure you've named the 'qemu-aarch64' binary as 'qemu-arm64-static' (not 'qemu-aarch64-static') at usr/bin on the flash drive (the Ubuntu Core image recognizes its architecture as arm64, not aarch64)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ah... it's really good to know one isn't alone. Hehe. Well, it looks like 14.10 is better suited for compiling the arm kernel (gcc-4.9-aarch64 etc.), but doing the chroot is smoother on 14.04.
But how do I get wifi and/or USB ethernet up? And why do have to look at this?
unable to stat /etc/sudoers: no such file or directory
Did you get this too?

t1mur said:
Ah... it's really good to know one isn't alone. Hehe. Well, it looks like 14.10 is better suited for compiling the arm kernel (gcc-4.9-aarch64 etc.), but doing the chroot is smoother on 14.04.
But how do I get wifi and/or USB ethernet up? And why do have to look at this?
unable to stat /etc/sudoers: no such file or directory
Did you get this too?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm still working on getting networking and X.org running myself. It will recognize my ASIX USB adapter (in the dmesg log) but eth0 doesn't show up and 'ifconfig eth0 up' doesn't work. Haven't tried Wi-Fi yet. My low-level Linux knowledge isn't all that great However, I can still chroot back into the filesystem on my PC and update/install packages, etc. in the meantime.
No I don't see the /etc/sudoers error.

[GUIDE]A Noob Guide On Building Your Own Custom Kernel on WIN10 (ARM & ARM64 & MTK)
1. INTRODUCTION:​
This is a guide to build your own custom kernel. Although I'm still a "noob" at this,
I've struggled a lot to build one as all the guides which I followed were not very clear.
So I hope this will be clear enough and as noob friendly as possible!​
You will learn how to:
- Build a kernel for arm and mediatek devices on windows 10
- Add feature
- Basic use of git
Prerequise :
- Updated windows 10 64bits (falls creators update)
- A decent computer with a decent internet speed
- Space on your HDD The minimum space for a kernel source (and its compiled code) is about 2 GB
- Minimal linux knowledge (Terminal, Commands etc)
- Your Brain
- And finally patience
2.Setting UP ENVIRONMENT:​
Installing ubuntu :
1 - Go in Settings -> Update and Security -> For developers and turn on developers mode then
2 - go in Control Panel > Programs > Turn Windows Features On Or Off and enable Windows subsystem for linux
3 - Reboot your computer
4 - launch linux subsystem now and let it download all it need and set up your password (remember it ! you'll need this password later)
5 - Go in microsoft app store and download Ubunutu by canonical group limited
6 - Open ubuntu (a windows with your name and computer name wil appear), congrats you installed ubuntu on windows 10 !
Seting up you environment :
1 - Type "apt-get update" (will update all repo for apps and dependencies)
From here it is nearly the same as my previous guide, but be careful there is some little changes
2 - Type "sudo apt-get install -y build-essential kernel-package libncurses5-dev bzip2" (will install all dependencies to build kernel)
3 - Check if dependencies are correctly installed :
- Then type "gcc"
If "gcc" is already installed, you should see "gcc : fatal error : no input file"
- Then type "make"
If "make" is already installed, you should see "make: *** no target specified and no makefile found. stop."
- Then type "git"
If "git" is already installed, you should see bunch of basic git commands
Now you're almost ready to start building your kernel!
Toolchains:
There are several types of toolchains (GCC, Linaro and few custom made ones)
Warning : Not every single device kernel will boot (or even compiles) with older or newer GCC
- For ARM:
We'll be using GCC 4.7 in this tutorial (link : https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.7/ )
-Open terminal and type: "mkdir kernel"(Type the name you want, I used "kernel")
-Then type "cd kernel" (the name which you used above)
-Then type "git clone https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.7"
-Wait till it finishes.
- For ARM 64:
For ARM 64 you need a 64 bit kernel compiler (there's "aarch64" in the name for telling that's a 64 bit compiler)
Exemple : https://releases.linaro.org/archive/13.07/components/toolchain/binaries/gcc-linaro-aarch64-linux-gnu-4.8-2013.07-1_linux.tar.xz
3.DOWNLOADING SOURCE FILES FOR YOUR DEVICE:​
Now you have to find a github that contains your kernel source.
Search on Google or XDA to find a kernel github repo for your device.
A kernel github looks like this: "https://github.com/atxoxx/android_kernel_samsung_msm8974/tree/xenomTW"
On the upper left side you can see branch: completed by a name
These are the different versions of the kernel/project (generally can be for testing, android version etc)
QUICK EXPLANATION OF FILES/FOLDERS:
- /arch/arm/configs : contains the config files for device (where you add option like new governors, features etc)
- /output/arch/arm/boot/ : Where zimage is stored (will explain that later)
- build.sh : Script to make the building much easier (will explain how it works later)
- /arm-cortex-linux-gnueabi-linaro_5.2-2015.11-2 : I put the toolchain in my kernel source making it easier to find (your kernel's toolchain name may be different)
If you don't have your kernel source yet, you need to download it.
Open terminal and make sure that you are in "kernel" folder (the one you previously created)
Then type in terminal : "git clone "URL of the github kernel" -b "name of the branch" "
For Example : "git clone https://github.com/atxoxx/android_kernel_samsung_msm8974 -b xenomTW"
Good! Now you have your kernel source!
4.BUILDING:​
For an easier way you can go to the location using your file explorer to : "/home/"name of your session"/kernel"
You'll see two folders (The Toolchain and The Kernel Source)
Go into your kernel source folder.
- For ARM:
Copy paste this:
#!/bin/bash
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=
mkdir output
make -C $(pwd) O=output "name of defconfig and variant if needed"
make -j4 -C $(pwd) O=output
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Explaination:
- #!/bin/bash: Tells the script to run in shell command
- export ARCH=arm: Defining which kernel architecture type it is (For example arm64 etc)
- export CROSS_COMPILE= : Locate where the toolchain is, it has to match the exact path to it and the dash ("-") in the end is really important ! (Almost everyone makes an error at this part!!!)
- mkdir output: Create a directory for storing compiled zimage
- make -C $(pwd) O=output : Defining defconfig for guiding kernel compilation (will explain later)
- make -j4 -C $(pwd) O=output: where the building start, "-j4" is how fast it'll compile, you have to setup this number according to your CPU !
- cp output/arch/arm/boot/Image $(pwd)/arch/arm/boot/zImage: This one is for moving image into the second path (thanks @Has.007 for this infromation)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Example :
#!/bin/bash
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=$(pwd)/arm-cortex-linux-gnueabi-linaro_5.2-2015.11-2/bin/arm-cortex-linux-gnueabi-
mkdir output
make -C $(pwd) O=output msm8974_sec_defconfig VARIANT_DEFCONFIG=msm8974_sec_ks01_skt_defconfig SELINUX_DEFCONFIG=selinux_defconfig
make -j4 -C $(pwd) O=output
cp output/arch/arm/boot/Image $(pwd)/arch/arm/boot/zImage
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
- For ARM 64:
Copy paste this:
#!/bin/bash
export ARCH=arm64
export CROSS_COMPILE="path to your toolchain" (it have to end by something like "nameofarch-something-")
mkdir output
make -C $(pwd) O=output "name of defconfig and variant if needed"
make -j4 -C $(pwd) O=output
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Explaination:
- #!/bin/bash: Tells the script to run in shell command
- export ARCH=arm64: Defining which kernel architecture type it is (For example arm64 etc)
- export CROSS_COMPILE= : Locate where the toolchain is, it has to match the exact path to it and the dash ("-") in the end is really important ! (Almost everyone makes an error at this part!!!)
- mkdir output: Create a directory for storing compiled zimage
- make -C $(pwd) O=output : Defining defconfig for guiding kernel compilation (will explain later)
- make -j4 -C $(pwd) O=output: where the building start, "-j4" is how fast it'll compile, you have to setup this number according to your CPU !
- cp output/arch/arm/boot/Image $(pwd)/arch/arm/boot/zImage: This one is for moving image into the second path (thanks @Has.007 for this infromation)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Example :
#!/bin/bash
export ARCH=arm64
export CROSS_COMPILE=$(pwd)gcc-linaro-aarch64-linux-gnu-4.8-2013.07-1_linux\bin\aarch64-linux-gnu-
mkdir output
make -C $(pwd) O=output msm8974_sec_defconfig VARIANT_DEFCONFIG=msm8974_sec_ks01_skt_defconfig SELINUX_DEFCONFIG=selinux_defconfig
make -j4 -C $(pwd) O=output
cp output/arch/arm/boot/Image $(pwd)/arch/arm/boot/zImage
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
- For Mediatek:
Copy paste this:
#!/bin/bash
export CROSS_COMPILE="path to your toolchain" (it have to end by something like "nameofarch-something-")
export ARCH=arm ARCH_MTK_PLATFORM=
make "name of defconfig and variant if needed"
make -j4
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Explaination:
- #!/bin/bash: Tells the script to run in shell command
- export CROSS_COMPILE= : Locate where the toolchain is, it has to match the exact path to it and the dash ("-") in the end is really important ! (Almost everyone makes an error at this part!!!)
- export ARCH=arm ARCH_MTK_PLATFORM=: Defining which kernel architecture type it is (For example arm64 etc) "ARCH_MTK_PLATFORM=" is for specifying which mediatek platform it is
- make _defconfig : Defining which defconfig to use (will explain later)
- make -j4: where the building starts, "-j4" is how fast it'll compile, you have to setup this number according to your CPU !
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Example :
#!/bin/bash
export CROSS_COMPILE=$(pwd)/arm-eabi-4.8/bin/arm-eabi-
export ARCH=arm ARCH_MTK_PLATFORM=mt6580
make pixi4_4_8g1g_defconfig
make -j4
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
When these step are done make sure you are in kernel folder in terminal and type "sudo bash build.sh" then type your password you set up in first launch of linux subsytem
(sudo is important, windows 10 ubuntu seems to handle permission differently than native ubuntu)
The compilation have started
If it compiles without any problems:
Wait till it finishes (it'll say something like "zimage is ready")
If you followed arm and arm64:
Then go to "/Output/arch/arm/boot/" to find your zimage.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you followed mediatek:
Then go to "/arch/arm/boot/" to find your zimage.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Caution : Not all kernel build Zimage, it can build image or other compressed image
If in case you have any errors:
Check and see what it says, generally it'll tell you where the error is.
If the text is going too fast reduce the -j number as explained above.
For reference I compile with an AMD Phenom X4 3.4GHz,Samsung HDD and 8GB of RAM and it takes around 10min to build
It is recommanded to type in the terminal "make clean" and "make mrproper" before compiling again​
5.MAKING THE KERNEL BOOT:​
You have 2 solutions here:
1) You can use @osm0sis anykernel method, which is explainded here: "https://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2670512" (A huge shoutout to him!)
OR
2) You can unpack the boot.img (from the same rom (CM, touchwizz,sense etc) and android version) and swap Zimage in it explained here : "https://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2073775" (thanks again to @osm0sis !)
Before flashing the kernel which you've made, backup your "stock" boot.img and Then flash your kernel and see if it boots!
6.HOW TO ADD FEATURE TO KERNEL WORK:​
Here starts the most interesting part! Now let's see how it works:
Basically you can add: Governors, IO Schedulers, Overclock the CPU & Many Tweaks...
Checkout the github section (Section 7) to see how to add them properly.
Here's an exemple for adding a governor (this one is called Intellimm) : https://github.com/gugu0das/android...mmit/7186ee60c171b06ea3a027e8383be392d3186bb1
The text in the blue box is the commit description (generally tells you about the changelog, general information and who originally made the commit)
The other text boxes tell you about where and which files have been modified/changed.
Everything in green indicates what has been added.
Everything in red indicates what has been deleted.
We can see in the first 2 text boxes that in "arch/arm/configs/" "msm8974_sec_defconfig" and "cm_msm8974_sec_defconfig" have been modified.
Between the lines 140 and 141 of this files this text has been added : "CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_INTELLIMM=y"
(This line is for enabling Intellimm when you're compiling your kernel)
Same technique applies to the other text boxes (what has been added and deleted and it's location)
Depending on the features you add, more or less files can be modified, added or deleted.
So to sum it up, a Commit let's you see all the changes which have been made and everything else!
7.GUIDE TO GITHUB:​
For this, I'll direct you over to this awsome guide made by @eagleeyetom !
8.GPL (IMPORTANT !!!):​
The Rules as they apply on XDA
As XDA has no legal power to uphold the GPL (and frankly we want to stay as far away from doing so as possible), we can’t force any of our users to abide by the GPL. However it is in XDA’s interests as well as the interests of our developer-base to ensure all GPL-derived materials hosted or linked on XDA comply fully with the GPL.
GPL-derived materials that do not come with the complete sources used to compile the GPL components are considered warez, and will be treated as such under forum rule 6 and 9.
If you use GPL components, but do not make any modifications to them whatsoever, you should provide a link to the original source of your GPL code.
Sources accompanying a release should be complete, and contain all the necessary source code for any modules, scripts or definition files. Complete sources will be defined as those which compile correctly and completely against the platform for which the software is distributed, and which contain any and all modifications made to the released General Public Licenced code. The source code supplied should be the exact version for which the source code is being requested, complete with all modifications.
EXAMPLE: Here’s a bit of code that could be used as a template to post your releases
<Kernel Or Author Name> <Kernel Nr>:
<Source>|<ReadMe>|<Credits>|<Other>
The Very Quick Summary of General Public License (GPL)
The text of the GPL Licence itself will be used to reach any final conclusion regarding any disputes over GPL Licenced materials. The above is a summary of what XDA expects of members using GPL code, and the complete text can be read at the GNU website.
The GPL states that anyone who modifies GPL licenced code is required to make available the sources used to compile it. This is to further improve and encourage collaborative work, as well as to ensure that the best code possible is produced, and to encourage peer-review of all work. This benefits both developers and end users in numerous ways, including:
Allowing anyone to verify the code they are trusting with their data, and its authenticity
Encouraging community collaboration to produce faster fixes and updates, and better code
Helping bring new developments from other devices and fields to your own, letting you benefit from new code that wouldn’t have been available without this sharing.
The GPL imparts great freedom for GPL end users. It ensures innovation is never stifled and no project is dependent upon any single developer.
It is in everyone’s interest for the GPL to be adhered to, as it gives us all better ROMs, better transparency, and a better atmosphere for developers to work together to make great code.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
THANKS :​
- @ravish_919 : For testing and correcting this guide
- @karkasss : As my friend and support
- @gugu0das : For helping me a lot when I tried to build my kernel
- @eagleeyetom : For his awsome github guide
- @osm0sis For his aswsome anykernel solution
- @kirito9 : Huge thanks to him for providing mediatek guide !
- @F4uzan : Huge thanks to him for giving me a lot of useful information to fill this guide !
- @sunilpaulmathew : For providing an advanced method to rename your kernel ! (again)
- @nathanchance : For a proper kernel naming method
- @RendyAK and @DroidThug : For correcting me about "#!/bin/bash"
- @ahmed.ismael : For helping me, giving feedback and his huge support !
- Microsoft and canonical for the windows linux subsystem documentation
- All the developers for their hard work !
- XDA and The Community!

TIPS AND TRICKS​
1. You can use a copy of a defconfig file with different setup :
Usage : Use a "stock" one and use another one with esperimental feature for testing without altering original defconfig
Exemple : copy "stock" defconfig and in copied one add a governor see if it compile and work
How to do : Create a second build.sh with modified defconfig name !
2. Change kernel name and version :
Simple method :​Edit this line "CONFIG_LOCALVERSION="-" after - in your defconfig
Exemple : CONFIG_LOCALVERSION="-XenomTW-3.2.6"
Advanced methods :​
Method 1 :
1. Go in Makefile in the root folder of your kernel source
2. Add
CONFIG_LOCALVERSION="nameofyourkernel"
LOCALVERSION="versionofyourkernel"
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Exemple :
VERSION = 4
PATCHLEVEL = 4
SUBLEVEL = 127
EXTRAVERSION =
CONFIG_LOCALVERSION="-FlashKernel"
export LOCALVERSION="-v1.00"
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Caution ! Never touch or edit VERSION, PATCHLEVEL, SUBLEVEL, and EXTRAVERSION !
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Method 2 :
1. Go in "scripts/mkcompile_h"
2. Add
LINUX_COMPILE_BY="nameofyourchoice"
LINUX_COMPILE_HOST="nameofyourchoice"
Exemple
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
3. Solve problem with PATH :
If you encounter "IS YOUR PATH CORRECT" problem try in terminal :
"export PATH="pathtotoolchainlocation"/bin:$PATH"
Exemple : export PATH=/home/3lambda/kernel/M8_Kernel/arm-eabi-4.7/bin:$PATH
4. Access ubuntu folders :
Path location to ubuntu folder is : C:\Users"NAME"\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs\home
Caution ! Editing files here directly from windows may break permission, you'll have to fix them if so (look on google on how to)
More to come...

Edit and update are coming, I may have forgot things let me know
Feed back also appreciated

highly appreciated
thank you

Good guide although I would say the advanced method for changing the kernel name is making totally unnecessary edits to the source code. There is already a framework in place for configuring the version string however you want. Editing EXTRAVERSION could result in conflicts during stable merges. The version gets generated in the following order:
Code:
$(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL).$(SUBLEVEL)$(EXTRAVERSION)$(CONFIG_LOCALVERSION)$(LOCALVERSION)
VERSION, PATCHLEVEL, SUBLEVEL, and EXTRAVERSION are set in the main Makefile, the first three should never be touched. CONFIG_LOCALVERSION and LOCALVERSION should be what the user sets.
For example:
Code:
VERSION = 4
PATCHLEVEL = 4
SUBLEVEL = 127
EXTRAVERSION =
CONFIG_LOCALVERSION="-FlashKernel"
export LOCALVERSION="-v1.00"
would result in the following output:
Code:
4.4.127-FlashKernel-v1.00

nathanchance said:
Good guide although I would say the advanced method for changing the kernel name is making totally unnecessary edits to the source code. There is already a framework in place for configuring the version string however you want. Editing EXTRAVERSION could result in conflicts during stable merges. The version gets generated in the following order:
VERSION, PATCHLEVEL, SUBLEVEL, and EXTRAVERSION are set in the main Makefile, the first three should never be touched. CONFIG_LOCALVERSION and LOCALVERSION should be what the user sets.
For example:
would result in the following output:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for pointing this out
I'll take a look when I'll have time

Nice! Been looking for something like this. XDA feed brought me here.

is it necessary do in win10? or you can simply do it in linux pc without WIN10?
thanks for the post!

tobarreh said:
is it necessary do in win10? or you can simply do it in linux pc without WIN10?
thanks for the post!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
it should be done on linux
but windows can handle linux as a subsystem now so the guide for people like me who is dumb enough to use windows
seriously skip the ubuntu installation steps on sindows and start building your kernel by following the other steps :good:
Sent from my OnePlus 5 using XDA Labs

nathanchance said:
Good guide although I would say the advanced method for changing the kernel name is making totally unnecessary edits to the source code. There is already a framework in place for configuring the version string however you want. Editing EXTRAVERSION could result in conflicts during stable merges. The version gets generated in the following order:
Code:
$(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL).$(SUBLEVEL)$(EXTRAVERSION)$(CONFIG_LOCALVERSION)$(LOCALVERSION)
VERSION, PATCHLEVEL, SUBLEVEL, and EXTRAVERSION are set in the main Makefile, the first three should never be touched. CONFIG_LOCALVERSION and LOCALVERSION should be what the user sets.
For example:
Code:
VERSION = 4
PATCHLEVEL = 4
SUBLEVEL = 127
EXTRAVERSION =
CONFIG_LOCALVERSION="-FlashKernel"
export LOCALVERSION="-v1.00"
would result in the following output:
Code:
4.4.127-FlashKernel-v1.00
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I personally like to define "LINUX_COMPILE_BY" and "LINUX_COMPILE_HOST" in "scripts/mkcompile_h" just like in this commit by @franciscofranco. By adding this
Code:
LINUX_COMPILE_BY="francisco"
LINUX_COMPILE_HOST="franco"
would display "[email protected]"
3lambda said:
Thanks for pointing this out
I'll take a look when I'll have time
Click to expand...
Click to collapse

Added new kernel naming method by @nathanchance and @sunilpaulmathew, huge thanks to them !
I'll need feedback see if some of these steps aren't clear or if I forgot things
I may also add a video soon and maybe screenshots
Stay tuned

sunilpaulmathew said:
I personally like to define "LINUX_COMPILE_BY" and "LINUX_COMPILE_HOST" in "scripts/mkcompile_h" just like in this commit by @franciscofranco. By adding this
Code:
LINUX_COMPILE_BY="francisco"
LINUX_COMPILE_HOST="franco"
would display "[email protected]"
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
He stopped doing that after I pointed out the same thing can be achieved without any source code edits (since it would change it for everyone building your source)
Code:
export KBUILD_BUILD_USER=francisco
export KBUILD_BUILD_HOST=franco
From: https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/scripts/mkcompile_h

If I downloaded a zip file of my source code, how do I extract it, since this is no longer just cloning from Git?

https://github.com/gugu0das/android...mmit/7186ee60c171b06ea3a027e8383be392d3186bb1
link is dead . please update this part of the guide as it is the most important part for me . Thanks for this awesome guide. more updates to come

I'm really looking forward to any and all updates on this thread. I'm old and loosing my mind and all my "Re-Memories" too, so I need all the help I can get.... LOL

permission denied
* placed the toolchain in home folder *
when i initiate compilation it says permission denied
how do i fix?

kwshl said:
* placed the toolchain in home folder *
when i initiate compilation it says permission denied
how do i fix?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
execute with 'sudo' make

otonieru said:
execute with 'sudo' make
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
that doesn't help, i did

kwshl said:
* placed the toolchain in home folder *
when i initiate compilation it says permission denied
how do i fix?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
did you place it by doing a git clone or do a cp command ?

this will lessen the nuisance i hope
otonieru said:
did you place it by doing a git clone or do a cp command ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
[email protected]:/mnt/g/linux/oreo# bash k.sh
make: execvp: /home/kwshl/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/bin/aarch64-linux-android-gcc: Permission denied
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/basic/bin2c