Database Users

[SCRIPTSET v2.6][02/28/2012] Build native GNU/Linux applications: the easy way

New: SANE (USB Scanner backend and drivers) - OTG equipped device needed to work for this - YES, Scanner Access Now possible and Easy with your phone
This can (in combination with tesseract-ocr) be very useful to recognize text from scanned images.
For pictures see also http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=23046120&postcount=187
Update 01/30/2012: Now with a small android app (ScriptStarter) to start services and other shell scripts easily from the GUI. See bottom of the post.
WHAT'S POSSIBLE WITH THIS SCRIPT:
With this bash script your are able to build relatively easy from source a lot of native software (over 90 at the moment) from the GNU/Linux community for your Android phone and you will have
the good experience with free software.
All these tools and programs are not "apps for the GUI" for Android but native running command line tools "under the surface" of your Android GUI like the kernel and other services.
Don't ask me if it makes any sense to install program xy (like MySQL) on a phone. This is your decision. It's possible, so try it and see what you can do with it.
Note: I tested most of the compiled software on a Samsung Galaxy S2 (my phone). I cannot test it on a variety of phones because I have no mobile phone shop...
Currently buildable with this scripts (abstract, see the full list in package_selection.conf):
PHP 5.3.10 (with almost all extensions and XCache)
MySQL 5.5.19 (if you want a full database server on your phone...)
lighttpd 1.4.30
OpenSSH 5.9p1
OpenSSL 1.0.0f
Samba 3.6.3
cURL 7.23.1
bash 4.2
BusyBox 1.19.3
ImageMagick 6.7.4-10
OpenVPN 2.2.2
Python 2.7.2
Node.js 0.6.7
git 1.7.9
Wget 1.13.4
Rsync 3.0.9
TCPDUMP 4.2.0
Midnight Commander 4.8.1
Pure-FTPd 1.0.35
screen 4.0.3
iptables 1.4.10 (without bionic bug "getnetbyaddr()" and with iptables-save/restore!)
BIND 9.8.1-P1
Lua 5.2.0
Ruby 1.9.3-p0
usbutils 004
MTDUtils latest git
GCC 4.6.2 (c, c++)
GNU Coreutils 8.14, Binutils 2.22, Findutils 4.4.2, Inetutils 1.8
QEMU 0.15.1
SANE 1.0.22
tesseract-ocr 3.01
...
a lot of libraries, development tools and other useful programs
...
FEATURES:
automatic download and untar the cross-compilers (if not already done) for cross compiling
automatic download and untar the source packages (if not already done), that you have selected
solve dependences and reserves additional needed packages
apply patches to the sources if necessary
build them, "install" them in a folder for later "ready to transfer" to your phone and stripes the binaries and libraries to reduce the filesize if selected
autogenerate a tar file and adb push the file to device if selected
allows you to use well-known software like PHP, MySQL, OpenSSL, OpenSSH, OpenVPN, bash and lighttpd on your phone (see the full list in file package_selection.conf, see attachement)
scripting and development on your phone
no limits with BusyBox (without want to be derogative, BusyBox is a wonderful tool), full featured tools like Coreutils, Binutils etc.
build scripts are expandable with other or newer packages you eventual want to have
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: Do I need native GNU/Linux programs and what is that?
A: If you do not know what native Linux applications are, then stop here - you don't need them.
Q: What can I do with these tools?
A: Many things. As a developer you can use the libraries to include them in Android GUI apps, as user you can start for example a webserver on your phone and write some HTML or PHP pages
just for fun or replace BusyBox with full featured tools (or only some commands).
Some tools are also very useful to find network errors, check the network traffic and many more.
Q: What do I need?
A: A Linux installation (VM or real), some Linux knowledge and a little bit time to read all instructions carefully. A rooted Android device with enouth free memory (ext2/3/4 formatted)
See README for details.
Q: Costs?
A: Nothing. The scripts are Open Source (GPL v3), the packages are GPL licensed or under a similar license. The cross-compilers are Open Source or free to use for non-profit purposes.
But I would be pleased if I get a donation and/or a press on the "Thanks button", if the scripts are useful for you. It was a long and hard work...
Note: The attachement scriptset-x.yy.zip is double packed (inside .bz2), because I want preserve the right settings of the scripts.
STEPS:
Selected the desired packages in the config file
Adjust the compiler settings for your phone
Run the build script to download and compile the software
Copy the generated TAR files to your phone or let "adb" this do for you and unpack them in the prepared sysroot folder
For more information please read the instructions in "README"
Please let me also know if you have any problems or if you have questions or further suggestions.
Thanks go to the Open Source community and a lot of people/webpages with hints about cross-compiling software.
Thanks
smitna
CHANGELOG:
01/14/2012 First public release v0.9
01/14/2012 Update: Removed unneeded big patch for ncurses
01/15/2012 Release of v1.0
Update: Fixed build of gcc. Note: the header files are not copied automatically with the script.
If you want to compile on your phone, set TAR_HEADERS=1 in configuraton.conf
Typos: some translations corrected in build.sh
01/16/2012 Release of v1.1
Update: Removed building of fsck from util-linux-ng, it's in e2fsprogs
Update: ISC Cron / vixie cron: set correct paths in pathnames.h before compiling
Enhancement: More detailed explanation of device specific compiler settings with list of possible values
Update: Removed dependence e2fsprogs libs from e2fsprogs
01/17/2012 Release of v1.2
Update: Build of zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit, unzip, unzipsfx and funzip now possible without errors
01/17/2012 Release of v1.3
Update: Added Node.js
Typos: some translations and language errors corrected in build.sh and README (sorry, I'm not a native English speaker...)
01/18/2012 Release of v1.4
Fixed TMP_PATH in PHP extension XCache (mmap.c) to prevent startup warning
Fixed BusyBox problems with static build against glibc ("__getpagesize" segfault with ping, traceroute and other networking parts)
and added some BusyBox patches.
BusyBox is now dynamic linked, so don't replace the system BusyBox with this build, because of missing mount/paths to libraries at phone startup
01/20/2012 Release of v1.5
Update: Cleanup in scripts and separation of configuration and code. Now it's only necessary to edit configuration.conf and package_selection.conf
Update: Added gzip
Update: Added experimental adb push to device if the device is connected and permissions are ok
Update: Check for installed programs. Script now exists on check failure to minimize errors while compiling.
01/21/2012 Release of v1.6
Bugfix: MySQL build could fail if gen_lex_hash could not generate the file sql/lex_hash.h in pass 2
Update: adb push should now work, check for connected device (and possible multiple devices) and check for right permissions to use the device
Enhancement: Even more explanation of device specific compiler flags and some hints to find the right settings.
01/21/2012 Release of v1.7
Enhancement: To eliminate sure a failing MySQL build, with every new run the source folder will be removed before completely
Enhancement: file version is now strictly checked (the host version must be the same as the cross version)
Some minor changes and filechecks (e.g. autoconf)
01/23/2012 Release of v1.8
Bugfix: Python has SQLite dependencies and SQLite must be ready before Python configure/make
Bugfix: In certain circumstances the optimizer settings get lost
Bugfix: Removed --enable-multibyte from bash, no chance to use it with NDK
01/24/2012 Release of v1.9
Update: Added ngIRCd (Please read the comment for this server, because of running as root)
Update: Sorted the links and package names in the config a little bit...
01/26/2012 Release of v2.0
Bugfix: OpenSSH wants to touch /var/empty while compiling, should be fixed --with-privsep-path now set (thanks to member dateno1 for his reports of such warnings/errors)
Bugfix: Removed a wrong CFLAG -I path from NDK config (only useful for me, really useless for others...)
Enhancement: Example for a user db for Pure-FTPd virtual user database in README (please use virtual users, it's the best and easiest solution)
Update: OpenSSH build need ssh-keygen for the generation of the default keys, added this info to README and the package selection
Bugfix: Not really a bugfix, but some installers don't set the right permissions of libraries in the sysroot folder, so set them global in the final task
Bugfix: Removed --with-lastlog=$TARGET_SYSROOT/var/log/lastlog from OpenSSH and added --with-lastlog=no, I don't know why this is not working and throws a warning, but we can live without it...
Enhancement: Added option to choose the sysroot variant from the CodeSourcery libs: v5TE (default), v4T (old), thumb2 (v7, fastest if supported by the phone)
Enhancement: Added option to tar the headers for development on the device with CodeSourcery (hint: always set rpath in LDFLAGS to make use of the CodeSourcery libs)
01/26/2012 Release of v2.1
Update: Added getcap/setcap and libraries from wishlist, needs libtoolize. Note: This is in a testing stage, kernel and filesystem support needed!
01/30/2012 Added a ScriptStarter app
09/02/2012 Release of v2.2
Update: Local compilation of static "tic" from ncurses for buildhost, if ncurses installation is missing
Enhancement: "downloading only" mode without compiling the packages (and force download)
Enhancement: some parameters for starting the script with additional functions (show with ./build.sh help)
Enhancement: more logging and outputs
Enhancement: language specs, all outputs can be changed to other languages in build.sh
Update: Added dosfstools
Update: Added Ruby
Update: Added example configs and starter scripts for Samba and OpenSSH
Update: Use of http-URLs if possible and update of some broken external links since last release
Bugfix: util-linux-ng needs gettext, added dependence
Bugfix: Added parameter to Samba to solve user/group settings and socket_wrapper support to set path vars at runtime
Update: Changed PHP version to 5.3.10, Samba to 3.6.3 and git to 1.7.9
02/11/2012 internal Release v2.3
Bugfix: openVPN patch for /dev/tun and links to ip/netstat/ifconfig/route, see hints for symlinks
02/16/2012 internal Release v2.4
02/25/2012 Release of v2.5
Update: Added LAME
Update: Added experimental CUPS
Update: Changed PNG version to 1.5.9
Update: Added Net-SNMP
Update: Added Netpbm
Update: Added PNG 1.2.47 for Netpbm and phpSANE
Update: Added LibTIFF
Update: Added SANE (USB Scanner backend and drivers) - OTG equipped device needed to work for this - YES, Scanner Access Now possible and Easy with your phone
Update: Split patches for bash (4.1 and 4.2) for better and easier (automatic) inclusion of original patches
02/28/2012 Release of v2.6
Update: Added Cuneiform OCR
Update: Added tesseract-ocr (see hints for more details howto use it)
ScriptStarter
02/03/2012 Added a small ScriptStarter for the GUI. With this app, written with JQuery, PhoneGap and Java (wrapper to execute the shell scripts) it's possible to start for example the lighttpd web server, Pure-FTPd or MySQL from within the Android GUI without a terminal and read the output. If a script needs root access, there is a checkbox to allow this. For this to work, copy the script sush in the script folder. All scripts ending with .sh can be started (please choose after the first start your script folder on the device to add the scripts to the selection, normally your [SYSROOT]/sbin folder).
Three buttons (start, stop and status) are predefined for start-stop-status scripts, there is also a parameter input field for more start values.
Free GPL v3 source code also included (Eclipse project). Please don't expect too much eye-candy. The GUI could be much better, but my CSS skills are very limited...
I added a few example scripts in the zip file, for example a battery stats reader. Before starting these scripts, have a look in the source code to be sure that they are compatible with your device.
Update 0.97 02/03/2012: Now the stderr is also printed in the output window
Update 0.99 02/10/2012: Replaced scrolling api with a much better solution (jScrollPane) for the output window. Not the real Android scroll feeling, but it's usable.

Thanks! I would hit the Thanks button, but I am on my mobile atm.
Sent from MIUI powered phone

Someone tried it? Problems?
Please, I need your feedback...

Sounds interesting, I'll try once I get back home and share feedback here

now i try to all packages for test
i will test on cortex a8 (motolora xt720)
TARGET_MARCH="armv7-a" (not work on armv7 )
TARGET_MTUNE="cortex-a8"
TARGET_MFPU="neon"
TARGET_MFLOAT="softfp"
it make dynamic binarys but i don't want dymanic type (because it difficult to divide one thing and maybe not work on android's libs)
how can i make static type?
ps : oh...it has so many comile error (even can't read or count all)

dateno1 said:
i will test on cortex a8 (motolora xt720)
TARGET_MARCH="armv7-a" (not work on armv7 )
TARGET_MTUNE="cortex-a8"
TARGET_MFPU="neon"
TARGET_MFLOAT="softfp"
it make dynamic binarys but i don't want dymanic type (because it difficult to divide one thing and maybe not work on android's libs)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I hope I understand your question. Why not dynamic?
Yes, you have to set the parameters for your mobile phone. For TARGET_MARCH try "armv7", for TARGET_MFLOAT "softfp" and for TARGET_MFPU "vfp" but check this last setting carefully for this phone.
It's very hard to build a full static binary (and sometimes nearly impossible) and it's also hard to build against bionic (with NDK). I had no good experience with it . A lot of compiler runs wasn't sucessful. Edit: I also had for example massive problems with openssl. I couldn't find a way to build it with NDK or static and then build other programs like cURL with openssl support.
Static binaries are also too big and not necessary. For this we have a sysroot environment to be independent from bionic and without the restrictions. The compiled libs and binaries are linked to the CodeSourcery glibc and have set the custom "rpath" for the dynamic loader. That's no problem I think.

that's simple
if someone want to make some binary for all version of android (even same cpu) it will not work well (defend on basic lib(ex : libc) is ok but complex things will not work)
i know make static type binary is very difficult but it valable

dateno1 said:
that's simple
if someone want to make some binary for all version of android (even same cpu) it will not work well (defend on basic lib(ex : libc) is ok but complex things will not work)
i know make static type binary is very difficult but it valable
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You are right, if you want to build a "portable" binary, you have to set very safe settings, like TARGET_MARCH="armv5", the full list is in the "README". But it's not my main target to offer a solution that is easy portable to other phones, instead you can build the software with optimizations for your phone to "get the best" for it

smitna said:
You are right, if you want to build a "portable" binary, you have to set very safe settings, like TARGET_MARCH="armv5", the full list is in the "README". But it's not my main target to offer a solution that is easy portable to other phones, instead you can build the software with optimizations for your phone to "get the best" for it
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
just i want to add some more function on the phone
thanks for patch files

I want to try this, to install some apps(most interested fro mc), but I don' t wanna change my sd card.
Can I use phone' s /data partition as mysysroot directory? I have 1.5GB space available on data partition, it is 2GB all.
And If yes, I must create the dir: /data/mysyroot? And where to create this dir on pc? On root directory of my linux system?

dancer_69 said:
I want to try this, to install some apps(most interested fro mc), but I don' t wanna change my sd card.
Can I use phone' s /data partition as mysysroot directory? I have 1.5GB space available on data partition, it is 2GB all.
And If yes, I must create the dir: /data/mysyroot? And where to create this dir on pc? On root directory of my linux system?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can use the /data partition. Just create a new folder, for example /data/sysroot. On your PC you have to create the same temporary with full user rights. This is not your working dir for building. Create a new dir in /home/user and unpack the files there. In settings insert the /data/sysroot as TARGET_SYSROOT and change the other settings for your phone and choose mc=yes. Then start the ./build.sh

Thanks for your quick answer.
Just to make clear because my english understanding is not in a high level
I must create the /data/sysroot dir under "/"(root directory) on linux pc with superuser rights?

dancer_69 said:
Thanks for your quick answer.
Just to make clear because my english understanding is not in a high level
I must create the /data/sysroot dir under "/"(root directory) on linux pc with superuser rights?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, that is right. But this is the only step you need to do as root or better with root rights. After this work as usual as user.

oh it can't make mysql
package selection : mysql only
target directory (prefix) : /sddata/mysql (on sdext on my system)
armv7-a
cortex-a8
neon
softfp
then run ./build.sh 2> error.txt
it is my error messages
http://pastebin.com/g7Yi4bGz
sorry you can see this link only today (my mistake)
this setting can make some binary and lib run on my phone but fail to make gcc or mysql (when i try gcc it just fail to making gcc only (other things were made) )

dateno1 said:
package selection : mysql only
target directory (prefix) : /sddata/mysql (on sdext on my system)
armv7-a
cortex-a8
neon
softfp
then run ./build.sh 2> error.txt
it is my error messages
http://pastebin.com/g7Yi4bGz
sorry you can see this link only today (my mistake)
this setting can make some binary and lib run on my phone but fail to make gcc or mysql (when i try gcc it just fail to making gcc only (other things were made) )
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please notice first, that you should not run this script as root!!
Then there is something wrong with the build of the first needed packages:
ZLIB=yes
OPENSSL=yes
CURL=yes
GETTEXT=yes
LIBXML2=yes
READLINE=yes
NCURSES=yes
- The script cannot find the readline sources. Do you have a subfolder readline-6.2 in folder sources in your builddir? Same for the other source folders. The script first downloads the packages to folder packages, extract the tars in folder sources, repeated for all selections.
(look at line 67 in your log: ./build.sh: 1402: cd: Python-2.7.2: No such file or directory)
- You have no "xz", install it first and make sure, that the other necessary packages are installed. MySQL and gcc are "two pass" compilations and this builds generating temporary binaries, runable on your linux pc. So you need all for a successful compilation of such binaries like gcc, make, python etc. on your linux machine. If you are using Ubuntu, then install the "meta-package" build-essential, look in the README.
Do you have the other unpacking tools like gunzip etc. Please install also "bison"
You should do following steps:
1. First select only the necessary packages (see above), all others to no.
2. If zlib, python, readline an the others are cross-compiled (without errors) and the libraries are in ./sysroot/lib, then deselect them (=no) and select mysql=yes and start a second run with ./build.sh

smitna said:
Please notice first, that you should not run this script as root!!
Then there is something wrong with the build of the first needed packages:
ZLIB=yes
OPENSSL=yes
CURL=yes
GETTEXT=yes
LIBXML2=yes
READLINE=yes
NCURSES=yes
- The script cannot find the readline sources. Do you have a subfolder readline-6.2 in folder sources in your builddir? Same for the other source folders. The script first downloads the packages to folder packages, extract the tars in folder sources, repeated for all selections.
(look at line 67 in your log: ./build.sh: 1402: cd: Python-2.7.2: No such file or directory)
- You have no "xz", install it first and make sure, that the other necessary packages are installed. MySQL and gcc are "two pass" compilations and this builds generating temporary binaries, runable on your linux pc. So you need all for a successful compilation of such binaries like gcc, make, python etc. on your linux machine. If you are using Ubuntu, then install the "meta-package" build-essential, look in the README.
Do you have the other unpacking tools like gunzip etc. Please install also "bison"
You should do following steps:
1. First select only the necessary packages (see above), all others to no.
2. If zlib, python, readline an the others are cross-compiled (without errors) and the libraries are in ./sysroot/lib, then deselect them (=no) and select mysql=yes and start a second run with ./build.sh
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i'm not edit necessary part
ZLIB=yes
OPENSSL=yes
CURL=yes
GETTEXT=yes
LIBXML2=yes
READLINE=yes
NCURSES=yes
i just edit mysql=no => mysql=yes
ok try to install packages and run as not root

dateno1 said:
i'm not edit necessary part
ZLIB=yes
OPENSSL=yes
CURL=yes
GETTEXT=yes
LIBXML2=yes
READLINE=yes
NCURSES=yes
i just edit mysql=no => mysql=yes
ok try to install packages and run as not root
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Good luck!
If you can wait a little bit:
In a short time I release a new version with better error and program checks and some small bug fixes. With this version it's not longer necessary to edit the build.sh, it's now all in only two separated configuration files (configuration and package selection).

hmm...fail to compile mysql again
with this error
note: the mangling of 'va_list' has changed in GCC 4.4
full error log on http://pastebin.com/jd1Pw9Xw

dateno1 said:
with this error
note: the mangling of 'va_list' has changed in GCC 4.4
full error log on http://pastebin.com/jd1Pw9Xw
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hello dateno1,
first: you have *NOT* changed to a user account as promised
The va_list is only a note, not an error, no problem (but ask the MySQL devs why they haven't adapted the code to gcc 4.6.1).
Your Python cross binaries and libraries are not ok (from you broken first build?). Please start from a "fresh state" (delete the folder sources/Python-2.7.2 and sysroot) or start from a total clean state.
Please use the latest 1.5 version of the script because of the xargs warnings at the end
Delete the complete sysroot folder, there are some folders not in place (data and docs). There is a script remove_all_files.sh
Start this script in your buildroot with ./remove_all_files.sh to remove all files and symlinks in subfolder sysroot.
Edit: delete the sysroot folder complete, there are some other missing folders from your first build!
Start again with ./build.sh and activated packages (the "ALWAYS NEEDED" one and MySQL)

smitna said:
Hello dateno1,
first: you have *NOT* changed to a user account as promised
The va_list is only a note, not an error, no problem (but ask the MySQL devs why they haven't adapted the code to gcc 4.6.1).
Your Python cross binaries and libraries are not ok (from you broken first build?). Please start from a "fresh state" (delete the folder sources/Python-2.7.2 and sysroot) or start from a total clean state.
Please use the latest 1.5 version of the script because of the xargs warnings at the end
Delete the complete sysroot folder, there are some folders not in place (data and docs). There is a script remove_all_files.sh
Start this script in your buildroot with ./remove_all_files.sh to remove all files and symlinks in subfolder sysroot.
Edit: delete the sysroot folder complete, there are some other missing folders from your first build!
Start again with ./build.sh and activated packages (the "ALWAYS NEEDED" one and MySQL)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
make new account (compile.compile) and use su -c "./build.sh" compile
i think it work (compiled file's owner is changed to compile.compile)
now i delete almost files and folders (exclude android-ndk, readline-6.2, toolchains) and retrying...oh failed (attach new log (full) )
'를 위해 할 일이 없습니다' mean 'no job for~'
'오류' mean 'error'

Se droid exhibit ii/sgw DEVZ who's game

selinuxproject.org/page/SEAndroid
Building for a Device
It is advisable to make a backup of your device prior to trying to install AOSP on it, typically using a recovery ROM such as ClockworkMod. Also note that you will erase your user data when you unlock the bootloader. Finally, keep in mind that AOSP does not include various proprietary apps such as the Google apps so you will not have them in your build unless you extract a copy from your device and re-package them for your build.
As in the emulator case, you will need to build a modified kernel with the necessary support for SELinux. Various kernels are available under the kernel/ directory. Use the right kernel and kernel configuration for your device; the defconfig files have been modified to enable the necessary options for SELinux. For example, to build for the Nexus S phone, you would do the following:
export PREFIX=/path/to/your/aospclone
cd $PREFIX/kernel/samsung
make ARCH=arm herring_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$PREFIX/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/arm-eabi-
For the device, you need your modified kernel to be included in the boot partition image (boot.img) rather than the prebuilt kernel. We have modified the device/samsung/crespo/device_base.mk file to refer to our kernel and wireless module rather than the prebuilt ones. You can alternatively unpack the boot image and repack it with your own kernel after building AOSP.
Otherwise, follow the AOSP instructions for building for your device as per http://source.android.com/source/building-devices.html.
via Dan swagger

What it is: What is SE Android?
Security Enhanced (SE) Android is a project to identify and address critical gaps in the security of Android. Initially, the SE Android project is enabling the use of SELinux in Android in order to limit the damage that can be done by flawed or malicious apps and in order to enforce separation guarantees between apps. However, the scope of the SE Android project is not limited to SELinux.
SE Android also refers to the reference implementation produced by the SE Android project. The current SE Android reference implementation provides a worked example of how to enable and apply SELinux at the lower layers of the Android software stack and provides a working demonstration of the value provided by SELinux in confining various root exploits and application vulnerabilities.
SE Android was first publically described in a presentation at the Linux Security Summit 2011. The slides from that talk can be found at http://selinuxproject.org/~jmorris/lss2011_slides/caseforseandroid.pdf.
Some distinctive features of our SE Android reference implementation in comparison to prior efforts of which we are aware include:
Per-file security labeling support for yaffs2,
Filesystem images (yaffs2 and ext4) labeled at build time,
Kernel permission checks controlling Binder IPC,
Labeling of service sockets and socket files created by init,
Labeling of device nodes created by ueventd,
Flexible, configurable labeling of apps and app data directories,
Userspace permission checks controlling use of the Zygote socket commands,
Minimal port of SELinux userspace,
SELinux support for the Android toolbox,
Small TE policy written from scratch for Android,
Confined domains for system services and apps,
Use of MLS categories to isolate apps

[GAPPS][DAILY] Open GApps for Android; All Android Versions & Devices

​Questions? Use Q&A!
Please read the FAQ before reporting any bugs or errors!
If you post in the main thread not having read the FAQ or error message itself, not included a debug log when reporting a malfuction or reporting a Force Closure without a logcat, your post will be ignored by the developers!
Not because we are evil, but because the same questions keep popping up over and over again and too often we get a "X doesn't work, plz fix" without any clue what is happening. We don't have telepathic connection to your device and all the time unnecessarily wasted on this can't be spend on development of Open GApps itself.
The Latest builds of Open GApps for Android can easily be downloaded from the:
Open GApps Homepage -> All architectures & download options​
Open GApps App
FAQ @ GitHub
Package comparison @ GitHub
Advanced Features and Options @ GitHub
Development Repository @ GitHub
I work on this project for FREE and putting in a lot of hours into it. While not mandatory, donations encourage me to continue to further pursue this project and I'd deeply appreciate them, if you feel generous.
Donate to The Open GApps Project
Are you a ROM developer and want to hotlink to the latest Open GApps package? Then check this wiki entry for details.
Please don't publicly mirror the prebuilt packages without explicit consent of @MastahF, to ensure that users will always be directed to the very latest version and the source code of the project.
About The Open GApps Project
Open GApps is a Google Apps package completely developed by writing buildscripts which allow for the automated creation of new up-to-date packages automatically.
The development process is completely open-source (GPLv3) and the goal is to have multiple contributors involved, to secure and reinforce the sustainability of Open GApps development.
Builds are generated every (European) night automatically (if there are any changes) and uploaded to GitHub.
Official AROMA Open GApps package is developed in collaboration with long-time LP-AROMA-developer @raulx222 and has a dedicated XDA thread
For any questions about the AROMA installer development, please refer to that thread. Of course, general support questions can also be asked in our own Q&A thread.
Official Open GApps For Stock support is developed in collaboration with @Rapper_skull and has a dedicated XDA thread
For any questions about the GApps for Stock development, please refer to that thread. Of course, general support questions can also be asked in our own Q&A thread.
The x86 package branch of the package is focused on Zenfone support and is maintained by @deadman96385 of the famous Zenfone GApps packages and has its own topic for x86 related questions
For those that cook their own ROM, an AOSP-build mechanism for Open GApps has been developed by @blystad and can be found at GitHub, remember that you should not bundle any pre-packaged Google Apps with any ROMs you want to distribute further though.
To gather all the various APKs that are necessary for the packages our master of the APK Universe @MNBooZe has written a tool called APKCrawler that scrape these from the internet, e.g. from APKMirror, it can be found at GitHub too.
Characteristic of Open GApps:
Some highlights about the characteristics of the Open GApps packages:
All platforms and and all Android versions are supported
DPI-optimized support for all Google packages (unlike other GApps)
Frequently updated Google Apps: The pre-built OpenGApps.org packages are updated every (European) night (if there are any updated Google Apps available)
Strong compression, allowing for relatively small downloads of even the most complete packages
Automatic backup: It is not necessary to re-flash Google Apps when you flash a ROM update. Most ROMs support this (addon.d) function
The installer checks your device’s capabilities, like the system partition size. It will notify you, before making any changes, if it finds any problems
Several package variations, from a Google Super Package (includes all applications that ever shipped on a Google device), to a Stock package that equals the set of applications found on the most current and complete Nexus, to smaller, minimalist packages and an AROMA package that allows graphically selection of what to install
A special ‘for Stock ROM’ installation mode that allows to update the Google Apps on Stock ROMs that conform to the original Google Nexus filesystem structure
All package installations can be customized to your individual preferences using our Advanced Features and Options
The idea behind this project:
I believe a big source of the problem for many GApps packages to stay up-to-date (or not be forfeited) is the lack of time for developers to do labour-intensive repetive every time a new google-app apk is released.
That is why I have taken it upto myself to write some Linux shell scripts to automate the packaging and to share these efforts with the world with the goal to create a team to continue this package together under the name Open GApps.
This project should not be managed by a person, but by a team, so volunteers willing to help are more than welcome!
Team management and projectleader: @[COLOR="blue"]MastahF[/COLOR]
Writing of the scripts: @[COLOR="blue"]MastahF[/COLOR] & @[COLOR="blue"]Rapper_skull[/COLOR] or check the team on GitHub and many other contributors
Updating GApp sources: @[COLOR="blue"]MNBooZe[/COLOR] & @[COLOR="blue"]DJAlik[/COLOR] & @[COLOR="blue"]bgiesing[/COLOR] & @[COLOR="blue"]mc1100[/COLOR] & @[COLOR="blue"]deadman96385[/COLOR] or check the team on GitHub
AROMA installer: @[COLOR="blue"]raulx222[/COLOR] using LibAroma
Custom compiled commandline tools: @[COLOR="blue"]YashdSaraf[/COLOR]
Website: @[COLOR="blue"]raulx222[/COLOR] & @[COLOR="blue"]MastahF[/COLOR] & signalv hosted by GitHub and created with Material Design Lite and JQuery
Artwork: @[COLOR="blue"]Yeti12[/COLOR]: Yeti-Designs website
Documentation: @[COLOR="blue"]Trafalgar-Square[/COLOR] and @[COLOR="blue"]MastahF[/COLOR] and many other contributors.
Open GApps installer uses open source third-party tools, like busybox and xzdec, compiled by @YashdSaraf; See his busybox thread for more info.
Open GApps is originally based on the now discontinued PA GApps package of @TKruzze and @osm0sis

I suggest to @hellowasif and @sir*mez to take a look at this

Hi, @provolinoo suggested me to take a look at this topic.
I made my own GApps, derived from PA GApps by TKruzze and without knowing I solved some problems that the people that were trying to continue the PA GApps are having.
I completely removed the sizes.prop file and now I measure the sizes of the apps on the fly using unzip. I took a look at your scripts and they're really useful, and reminded me that the APKs need to be zipaligned, which I forgot.
Maybe we can join your scripts, my changes, and a fast internet connection to bring PA GApps back to life.
If you're interested here's the link to my topic, please take a look at it: http://forum.xda-developers.com/android/general/alpha-gapps-stock-t3093389

Well i wanted to say thankyou so much for such wonderful work you did, Before this i was maintaining the PA-Gapps Packages PA Gapps 4.4.4 and PA-Gapps 5.X everything was going great and i must say i learned a lot by maintaining these Gapps packages and that was very wonderful experience but i was only updating Gapps and Libs, But than i realized that they weren't as perfect as the original gapps packages because the original Gapps package uses two important files which were size and libs list which the packages uses and they were the most important part of PA-Gapps. I tried to update these two files manually but they were two time consuming so i decided to drop this project due to lack of resources but by these scripts it will very easy to create Gapps Packages so i wanted to say thankyou again

Rapper_skull said:
Hi, @provolinoo suggested me to take a look at this topic.
I made my own GApps, derived from PA GApps by TKruzze and without knowing I solved some problems that the people that were trying to continue the PA GApps are having.
I completely removed the sizes.prop file and now I measure the sizes of the apps on the fly using unzip. I took a look at your scripts and they're really useful, and reminded me that the APKs need to be zipaligned, which I forgot.
Maybe we can join your scripts, my changes, and a fast internet connection to bring PA GApps back to life.
If you're interested here's the link to my topic, please take a look at it: http://forum.xda-developers.com/android/general/alpha-gapps-stock-t3093389
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hey, I looked at your work. Some things are indeed good improvements and I will try to incorporate them into my work if you don't mind.
I also looked at your sizes.prop solution, but honestly I don't like it that much, because although the calculation will be very exact, I don't think it is a good idea to unzip large files and pipe all this data through on our small little phones . I prefer to keep the sizes.prop estimations on the generating-side rather than on the execution-side.
I really would like you to be involved in the project, somebody else also already PMed on the forum, wanting to be involved. I described which tasks and roles are very welcome to be fulfilled within a joint team effort.

MastahF said:
Hey, I looked at your work. Some things are indeed good improvements and I will try to incorporate them into my work if you don't mind.
I also looked at your sizes.prop solution, but honestly I don't like it that much, because although the calculation will be very exact, I don't think it is a good idea to unzip large files and pipe all this data through on our small little phones . I prefer to keep the sizes.prop estimations on the generating-side rather than on the execution-side.
I really would like you to be involved in the project, somebody else also already PMed on the forum, wanting to be involved. I described which tasks and roles are very welcome to be fulfilled within a joint team effort.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you for your appreciation. The files however are not extracted but I used "unzip -l" that lists the content of the archive with the file sizes. Keep me informed about this project.

hellowasif said:
Well i wanted to say thankyou so much for such wonderful work you did, Before this i was maintaining the PA-Gapps Packages PA Gapps 4.4.4 and PA-Gapps 5.X everything was going great and i must say i learned a lot by maintaining these Gapps packages and that was very wonderful experience but i was only updating Gapps and Libs, But than i realized that they weren't as perfect as the original gapps packages because the original Gapps package uses two important files which were size and libs list which the packages uses and they were the most important part of PA-Gapps. I tried to update these two files manually but they were two time consuming so i decided to drop this project due to lack of resources but by these scripts it will very easy to create Gapps Packages so i wanted to say thankyou again
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi hellowasif,
would you be interested in collaborating then together with other people in a team to bring back PA Gapps using these scripts?

MastahF said:
Hi hellowasif,
would you be interested in collaborating then together with other people in a team to bring back PA Gapps using these scripts?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes that will be wonderful to work as a team and you count me in. :highfive:

Rapper_skull said:
Thank you for your appreciation. The files however are not extracted but I used "unzip -l" that lists the content of the archive with the file sizes. Keep me informed about this project.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ah, then i misread your code, I will take a look at it then again. Anyhow, since the files in the package are static, I think at moment of generation is a good moment to get the file sizes
I have btw a question for you, a problem I was not able to resolve myself yet, even though trying a lot.
When creating the .zip-package to be signed and afterwards flashed, I am at the moment not using any compression (but use the -Z store flag).
If I use *any* kind of compression, the package refuses to flash at my phone (GT-i9300) with the message error executing update binary error.
I tried a lot of combinations, like using a different zip-application, compressing only the files outside META-INF etcetera, but nothing seems to work.
So my question is: how do you generate and sign your zip file? On which platform? With which application? With which parameters?

MastahF said:
Ah, then i misread your code, I will take a look at it then again. Anyhow, since the files in the package are static, I think at moment of generation is a good moment to get the file sizes
I have btw a question for you, a problem I was not able to resolve myself yet, even though trying a lot.
When creating the .zip-package to be signed and afterwards flashed, I am at the moment not using any compression (but use the -Z store flag).
If I use *any* kind of compression, the package refuses to flash at my phone (GT-i9300) with the message error executing update binary error.
I tried a lot of combinations, like using a different zip-application, compressing only the files outside META-INF etcetera, but nothing seems to work.
So my question is: how do you generate and sign your zip file? On which platform? With which application? With which parameters?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You will maybe laugh at my reply, but I simply use WinRAR, on Windows, with maximum compression. I do not yet sign the ZIPs because I wanted to generate my own private key instead of using the generic test-key. What you can try to do is update your recovery (if it's not updated) to see if the problem is solved.

dowloaded your GitHub project and ran through the scripts to create the signed zip file. So far everything is running smoothly. Did a full wipe. Great Job!
Question I have. Do you know why the com.android.vending is still installed in the user space (/data/app) vs system space?

Chrome doesn't seem to be working. It crashes every time I try to run it.

DJAlik said:
dowloaded your GitHub project and ran through the scripts to create the signed zip file. So far everything is running smoothly. Did a full wipe. Great Job!
Question I have. Do you know why the com.android.vending is still installed in the user space (/data/app) vs system space?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you for your feedback, at the moment I was extracting the Play Store from a Nexus Image under the cryptic name of Phonesky.
I only found out just now that this Phonesky is the same as android.vending (the Play store) and updated this.
DJAlik said:
Chrome doesn't seem to be working. It crashes every time I try to run it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Also thank you for your feedback. Using your feedback I discovered some nasty typos in my script which were breaking Chrome and Talkback.
I fixed those and will be uploading a new package later today. The fixes are already on github.

hellowasif said:
Yes that will be wonderful to work as a team and you count me in. :highfive:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nice
Very happy to hear that! Tomorrow I will be heading for an island for a week, for holidays, so lucky for me, but unlucky for those interested in updates .
After that holiday I will set-up the basic infrastructure for the team.
I also thought about how to make packages for older android versions and I came up with the following solution that I will be then implementing next week:
*Within the SourceAPKs folder we will put some meta-data or an overlay that specifies the minimal SDK/API version that the package requires
*I will update the scripts in such a way that you can target various android versions, including such a sdk/api version.
*When building for a target, the highest version of the APK that still support that sdk/api version will be selected
*A seperate output directory will be created for each target
*All scripts will be executed from a single Makefile
E.g., the directory structure will look like:
SourceAPKs/18/com.google.android.apps.maps-9.8.1-908101124-minAPI18.apk
SourceAPKs/14/com.google.android.apps.books-3.3.41-30341-minAPI14.apk
Scripts/extract_sources.sh
Output/4.4/pa_unsigned.zip
Output/5.0/pa_unsigned.zip
Output/pa_gapps-4.4-20150504.zip
Output/pa_gapps-5.0-20150504.zip
Makefile
If anybody has any feedback on these ideas, you are welcome!

MastahF said:
Nice
Very happy to hear that! Tomorrow I will be heading for an island for a week, for holidays, so lucky for me, but unlucky for those interested in updates .
After that holiday I will set-up the basic infrastructure for the team.
I also thought about how to make packages for older android versions and I came up with the following solution that I will be then implementing next week:
*Within the SourceAPKs folder we will put some meta-data or an overlay that specifies the minimal SDK/API version that the package requires
*I will update the scripts in such a way that you can target various android versions, including such a sdk/api version.
*When building for a target, the highest version of the APK that still support that sdk/api version will be selected
*A seperate output directory will be created for each target
*All scripts will be executed from a single Makefile
E.g., the directory structure will look like:
SourceAPKs/18/com.google.android.apps.maps-9.8.1-908101124-minAPI18.apk
SourceAPKs/14/com.google.android.apps.books-3.3.41-30341-minAPI14.apk
Scripts/extract_sources.sh
Output/4.4/pa_unsigned.zip
Output/5.0/pa_unsigned.zip
Output/pa_gapps-4.4-20150504.zip
Output/pa_gapps-5.0-20150504.zip
Makefile
If anybody has any feedback on these ideas, you are welcome!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The idea of automating all the process is certainly good, but we have to keep in mind that things changes really fast. For example in an update Google can add a library to an application that previously didn't have one. We have to check if there's a lib folder inside the APK instead of assuming that all the APKs that now don't have libs will never have them. Also the idea of various app versions is very good, but also error prone. Maybe we can just put all the APKs in one folder and use the filename to determinate the app name and the minAPI (if we don't want to make a step further and read directly from the AndroidManifest.xml, using aapt).

MastahF said:
Thank you for your feedback, at the moment I was extracting the Play Store from a Nexus Image under the cryptic name of Phonesky.
I only found out just now that this Phonesky is the same as android.vending (the Play store) and updated this.
Also thank you for your feedback. Using your feedback I discovered some nasty typos in my script which were breaking Chrome and Talkback.
I fixed those and will be uploading a new package later today. The fixes are already on github.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
latest commit:
$ sh make_package.sh
rm: missing operand

DJAlik said:
latest commit:
$ sh make_package.sh
rm: missing operand
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can ignore that error-message. I just delete all the temporary files of my text editor (ending with a ~) before packaging using this 'rm' command.

Rapper_skull said:
The idea of automating all the process is certainly good, but we have to keep in mind that things changes really fast. For example in an update Google can add a library to an application that previously didn't have one. We have to check if there's a lib folder inside the APK instead of assuming that all the APKs that now don't have libs will never have them. Also the idea of various app versions is very good, but also error prone. Maybe we can just put all the APKs in one folder and use the filename to determinate the app name and the minAPI (if we don't want to make a step further and read directly from the AndroidManifest.xml, using aapt).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Very good comments. I have been looking into the possibility of using aapt. With 'aapt d badging file.apk' I will be able to retrieve the API information and app/packagename from any apk.
Using this information I could make an add-script or an 'add-directory' that would scan any new apks and archives them automatically in a storage. This could help to maintain overview, and to automatically discard older versions of the app if the api-level is not changed. It could also allow for adminstation of x86 and arm64 packages in the tree.
So a 'storage' filetree could become in that case like:
/arm/packagename/api14/maps2.apk
/x86/packagename/api11/maps1.apk
/x86/packagename/api14/maps2.apk
My goal is also to indeed in the future to (more) automatically process the existence of a 'lib' and automatically incorporate into the output process. For this I will have (as within my goals set out for next week) to upgrade the process of generating the output folder. Because at this very moment the scripts still assume availability of (most of the) outputfolders to be there already.

MastahF said:
Very good comments. I have been looking into the possibility of using aapt. With 'aapt d badging file.apk' I will be able to retrieve the API information and app/packagename from any apk.
Using this information I could make an add-script or an 'add-directory' that would scan any new apks and archives them automatically in a storage. This could help to maintain overview, and to automatically discard older versions of the app if the api-level is not changed. It could also allow for adminstation of x86 and arm64 packages in the tree.
So a 'storage' filetree could become in that case like:
/arm/packagename/api14/maps2.apk
/x86/packagename/api11/maps1.apk
/x86/packagename/api14/maps2.apk
My goal is also to indeed in the future to (more) automatically process the existence of a 'lib' and automatically incorporate into the output process. For this I will have (as within my goals set out for next week) to upgrade the process of generating the output folder. Because at this very moment the scripts still assume availability of (most of the) outputfolders to be there already.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Exactly, in this way it would be possible to easily maintain arm64 and x86 packages too. The scripting is not complicated, it just requires some time. If you want I can contribute too (I had some experience with shell scripting). If the final scripts are not too long or complicated we can plan a Windows port too, if some future team member is not used to Linux.
We can also try to contact AP to request an RSS feed for new APKs on APKMirror.
EDIT: It seems that adding /feed to any URL will give you the corresponding RSS feed. Good to know.

Rapper_skull said:
Exactly, in this way it would be possible to easily maintain arm64 and x86 packages too. The scripting is not complicated, it just requires some time. If you want I can contribute too (I had some experience with shell scripting). If the final scripts are not too long or complicated we can plan a Windows port too, if some future team member is not used to Linux.
We can also try to contact AP to request an RSS feed for new APKs on APKMirror.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've been using Cygwin on Windows and the scripts work great.

[TOOL] [Windows] Batch APK Zipalign Tool v 2.0 (23/05/2022)

What's ziplign ?
Read,Android Developers site.https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/zipalign
zipalign is an archive alignment tool that provides important optimization to Android application (APK) files. The purpose is to ensure that all uncompressed data starts with a particular alignment relative to the start of the file. Specifically, it causes all uncompressed data within the APK, such as images or raw files, to be aligned on 4-byte boundaries. This allows all portions to be accessed directly with mmap() even if they contain binary data with alignment restrictions. The benefit is a reduction in the amount of RAM consumed when running the application.
This tool should always be used to align your APK file before distributing it to end-users. The Android build tools can handle this for you. Android Studio automatically aligns your APK.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Why this tool is needed ?
There are a lot of APK modifications on XDA, most of which are done through APKTOOL (Thanks @iBotPeaches for this great tool)
But after apktool compilation, apks needs to be zipalign manually -> which is missing from some these Modded/Distributed Apks found in the forum.
So, I decided to go ahead and make simple tool for this task.
This tool will help end-users/devs in such cases.
How to Use ?
It's One-Click tool, As simple as it gets !
Download & Extract Zip file from attachment.
Put All apks in "Input" folder
Do not leave "SPACES" in file name of APKs For example, Use "AppName_v1.apk" instead of "AppName v171.apk"
Double Click the Batch file (.bat)
You can find zipaliged APKs in "Output" folder after it's done.
That's It !!
PS : (Devs only) Use this tool **AFTER** signing APKs
Users don't need to worry about this because APKs you have/download are already signed.

FAQs
# How to know whether APKs are zipaligned or not after using this tool ?
Check file size of APK Before & After (In Input & Output folders). You will see the differnce in file size on bytes level So, you need to open full property of file via right click.
If file size if exactly the same, means APK was already zipaligned
# How to know whether APKs i have are already zipaligned or not ?
As of now there's no method to my knowledge. So, you need to go through above process.
In general, APKs directly from PlayStore (you backup/apkmirror) are zipaligned so you don't need to zipalign them unless there's some modifications performed on it.
Change log
v1.0 Release 2017
Initial Release
Latest available zipalign binary
v2.0 Release 2022
Based on Android SDK Build-Tools 30.1.0 and should be compatible with latest Android versions (A9-A12+)

Tried this. Nothing in the output folder

Serpentinefire76 said:
Tried this. Nothing in the output folder
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm not actively maintaining this tool due to personal commitments. Theoretically it should still work even with older binaries but if you are looking for specific support I suggest search for other/newer threads.

jineshpatel30 said:
I'm not actively maintaining this tool due to personal commitments. Theoretically it should still work even with older binaries but if you are looking for specific support I suggest search for other/newer threads.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I tried it again. It works like a charm. Awesome. Thank you!

Update after a long time.​
v2 is based on Android SDK Build-Tools 30.1.0 and should be compatible with latest Android versions (A9-A12+)
Happy Modding!

i get this error a mod apk
Code:
Failure [INSTALL_PARSE_FAILED_NO_CERTIFICATES: Failed collecting certificates for /data/app/vmdl262490375.tmp/base.apk: Failed to collect certificates from /data/app/vmdl262490375.tmp/base.apk: META-INF/APKEASYT.SF indicates /data/app/vmdl262490375.tmp/base.apk is signed using APK Signature Scheme v2, but no such signature was found. Signature stripped?]

Command file current zipalign.bat:
for %%X in (.\Input\*.apk) do (
echo Zipaligning - %%~nX.apk
.\Tools\zipalign -cv 4 %%X
.\Tools\zipalign -fv 4 %%X .\Output\%%~nX.apk
)
Maybe it should be reversed like this:
for %%X in (.\Input\*.apk) do (
echo Zipaligning - %%~nX.apk
rem To align infile.apk and save it as outfile.apk
.\Tools\zipalign -fv 4 %%X .\Output\%%~nX.apk
rem check alignment outfile.apk only after having zipalign (does not modify file)
.\Tools\zipalign -cv 4 %%X
)

Samsung Galaxy Grand Duos Oreo Kernel Source

Samsung Galaxy Grand Duos Oreo Kernel Source​
download link-> bottom of the thread.
Linux kernel release 3.x <http://kernel.org/>
These are the release notes for Linux version 3. Read them carefully,
as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the
kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong!!
WHAT IS LINUX?
Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by
Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across
the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance.
It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix,
including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand
loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management,
and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6.
It is distributed under the GNU General Public License - see the
accompanying COPYING file for more details.
ON WHAT HARDWARE DOES IT RUN?
Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher),
today Linux also runs on (at least) the Compaq Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC and
UltraSPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, PowerPC64, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, Cell,
IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, DEC VAX, AMD x86-64, AXIS CRIS,
Xtensa, Tilera TILE, AVR32 and Renesas M32R architectures.
Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures
as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the
GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has
also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although
functionality is then obviously somewhat limited.
Linux has also been ported to itself. You can now run the kernel as a
userspace application - this is called UserMode Linux (UML).
DOCUMENTATION:
- There is a lot of documentation available both in electronic form on
the Internet and in books, both Linux-specific and pertaining to
general UNIX questions. I'd recommend looking into the documentation
subdirectories on any Linux FTP site for the LDP (Linux Documentation
Project) books. This README is not meant to be documentation on the
system: there are much better sources available.
- There are various README files in the Documentation/ subdirectory:
these typically contain kernel-specific installation notes for some
drivers for example. See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what
is contained in each file. Please read the Changes file, as it
contains information about the problems, which may result by upgrading
your kernel.
- The Documentation/DocBook/ subdirectory contains several guides for
kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a
number of formats: PostScript (.ps), PDF, HTML, & man-pages, among others.
After installation, "make psdocs", "make pdfdocs", "make htmldocs",
or "make mandocs" will render the documentation in the requested format.
INSTALLING the kernel source:
- If you install the full sources, put the kernel tarball in a
directory where you have permissions (eg. your home directory) and
unpack it:
gzip -cd linux-3.X.tar.gz | tar xvf -
or
bzip2 -dc linux-3.X.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
Replace "XX" with the version number of the latest kernel.
Do NOT use the /usr/src/linux area! This area has a (usually
incomplete) set of kernel headers that are used by the library header
files. They should match the library, and not get messed up by
whatever the kernel-du-jour happens to be.
- You can also upgrade between 3.x releases by patching. Patches are
distributed in the traditional gzip and the newer bzip2 format. To
install by patching, get all the newer patch files, enter the
top level directory of the kernel source (linux-3.x) and execute:
gzip -cd ../patch-3.x.gz | patch -p1
or
bzip2 -dc ../patch-3.x.bz2 | patch -p1
(repeat xx for all versions bigger than the version of your current
source tree, _in_order_) and you should be ok. You may want to remove
the backup files (xxx~ or xxx.orig), and make sure that there are no
failed patches (xxx# or xxx.rej). If there are, either you or me has
made a mistake.
Unlike patches for the 3.x kernels, patches for the 3.x.y kernels
(also known as the -stable kernels) are not incremental but instead apply
directly to the base 3.x kernel. Please read
Documentation/applying-patches.txt for more information.
Alternatively, the script patch-kernel can be used to automate this
process. It determines the current kernel version and applies any
patches found.
linux/scripts/patch-kernel linux
The first argument in the command above is the location of the
kernel source. Patches are applied from the current directory, but
an alternative directory can be specified as the second argument.
- If you are upgrading between releases using the stable series patches
(for example, patch-3.x.y), note that these "dot-releases" are
not incremental and must be applied to the 3.x base tree. For
example, if your base kernel is 3.0 and you want to apply the
3.0.3 patch, you do not and indeed must not first apply the
3.0.1 and 3.0.2 patches. Similarly, if you are running kernel
version 3.0.2 and want to jump to 3.0.3, you must first
reverse the 3.0.2 patch (that is, patch -R) _before_ applying
the 3.0.3 patch.
You can read more on this in Documentation/applying-patches.txt
- Make sure you have no stale .o files and dependencies lying around:
cd linux
make mrproper
You should now have the sources correctly installed.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Compiling and running the 3.x kernels requires up-to-date
versions of various software packages. Consult
Documentation/Changes for the minimum version numbers required
and how to get updates for these packages. Beware that using
excessively old versions of these packages can cause indirect
errors that are very difficult to track down, so don't assume that
you can just update packages when obvious problems arise during
build or operation.
BUILD directory for the kernel:
When compiling the kernel all output files will per default be
stored together with the kernel source code.
Using the option "make O=output/dir" allow you to specify an alternate
place for the output files (including .config).
Example:
kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-3.N
build directory: /home/name/build/kernel
To configure and build the kernel use:
cd /usr/src/linux-3.N
make O=/home/name/build/kernel menuconfig
make O=/home/name/build/kernel
sudo make O=/home/name/build/kernel modules_install install
Please note: If the 'O=output/dir' option is used then it must be
used for all invocations of make.
CONFIGURING the kernel:
Do not skip this step even if you are only upgrading one minor
version. New configuration options are added in each release, and
odd problems will turn up if the configuration files are not set up
as expected. If you want to carry your existing configuration to a
new version with minimal work, use "make oldconfig", which will
only ask you for the answers to new questions.
- Alternate configuration commands are:
"make config" Plain text interface.
"make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs.
"make nconfig" Enhanced text based color menus.
"make xconfig" X windows (Qt) based configuration tool.
"make gconfig" X windows (Gtk) based configuration tool.
"make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of
your existing ./.config file and asking about
new config symbols.
"make silentoldconfig"
Like above, but avoids cluttering the screen
with questions already answered.
Additionally updates the dependencies.
"make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default
symbol values from either arch/$ARCH/defconfig
or arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig,
depending on the architecture.
"make ${PLATFORM}_defconfig"
Create a ./.config file by using the default
symbol values from
arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig.
Use "make help" to get a list of all available
platforms of your architecture.
"make allyesconfig"
Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to 'y' as much as possible.
"make allmodconfig"
Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to 'm' as much as possible.
"make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to 'n' as much as possible.
"make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to random values.
You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools
in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt.
NOTES on "make config":
- having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can
under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a
nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers
- compiling the kernel with "Processor type" set higher than 386
will result in a kernel that does NOT work on a 386. The
kernel will detect this on bootup, and give up.
- A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the
coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just
never get used in that case. The kernel will be slightly larger,
but will work on different machines regardless of whether they
have a math coprocessor or not.
- the "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a
bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel
less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to
break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()). Thus you
should probably answer 'n' to the questions for
"development", "experimental", or "debugging" features.
COMPILING the kernel:
- Make sure you have at least gcc 3.2 available.
For more information, refer to Documentation/Changes.
Please note that you can still run a.out user programs with this kernel.
- Do a "make" to create a compressed kernel image. It is also
possible to do "make install" if you have lilo installed to suit the
kernel makefiles, but you may want to check your particular lilo setup first.
To do the actual install you have to be root, but none of the normal
build should require that. Don't take the name of root in vain.
- If you configured any of the parts of the kernel as `modules', you
will also have to do "make modules_install".
- Verbose kernel compile/build output:
Normally the kernel build system runs in a fairly quiet mode (but not
totally silent). However, sometimes you or other kernel developers need
to see compile, link, or other commands exactly as they are executed.
For this, use "verbose" build mode. This is done by inserting
"V=1" in the "make" command. E.g.:
make V=1 all
To have the build system also tell the reason for the rebuild of each
target, use "V=2". The default is "V=0".
- Keep a backup kernel handy in case something goes wrong. This is
especially true for the development releases, since each new release
contains new code which has not been debugged. Make sure you keep a
backup of the modules corresponding to that kernel, as well. If you
are installing a new kernel with the same version number as your
working kernel, make a backup of your modules directory before you
do a "make modules_install".
Alternatively, before compiling, use the kernel config option
"LOCALVERSION" to append a unique suffix to the regular kernel version.
LOCALVERSION can be set in the "General Setup" menu.
- In order to boot your new kernel, you'll need to copy the kernel
image (e.g. .../linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage after compilation)
to the place where your regular bootable kernel is found.
- Booting a kernel directly from a floppy without the assistance of a
bootloader such as LILO, is no longer supported.
If you boot Linux from the hard drive, chances are you use LILO which
uses the kernel image as specified in the file /etc/lilo.conf. The
kernel image file is usually /vmlinuz, /boot/vmlinuz, /bzImage or
/boot/bzImage. To use the new kernel, save a copy of the old image
and copy the new image over the old one. Then, you MUST RERUN LILO
to update the loading map!! If you don't, you won't be able to boot
the new kernel image.
Reinstalling LILO is usually a matter of running /sbin/lilo.
You may wish to edit /etc/lilo.conf to specify an entry for your
old kernel image (say, /vmlinux.old) in case the new one does not
work. See the LILO docs for more information.
After reinstalling LILO, you should be all set. Shutdown the system,
reboot, and enjoy!
If you ever need to change the default root device, video mode,
ramdisk size, etc. in the kernel image, use the 'rdev' program (or
alternatively the LILO boot options when appropriate). No need to
recompile the kernel to change these parameters.
- Reboot with the new kernel and enjoy.
IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG:
- If you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please check
the file MAINTAINERS to see if there is a particular person associated
with the part of the kernel that you are having trouble with. If there
isn't anyone listed there, then the second best thing is to mail
them to me ([email protected]), and possibly to any other
relevant mailing-list or to the newsgroup.
- In all bug-reports, *please* tell what kernel you are talking about,
how to duplicate the problem, and what your setup is (use your common
sense). If the problem is new, tell me so, and if the problem is
old, please try to tell me when you first noticed it.
- If the bug results in a message like
unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010
Oops: 0002
EIP: 0010:XXXXXXXX
eax: xxxxxxxx ebx: xxxxxxxx ecx: xxxxxxxx edx: xxxxxxxx
esi: xxxxxxxx edi: xxxxxxxx ebp: xxxxxxxx
ds: xxxx es: xxxx fs: xxxx gs: xxxx
Pid: xx, process nr: xx
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
or similar kernel debugging information on your screen or in your
system log, please duplicate it *exactly*. The dump may look
incomprehensible to you, but it does contain information that may
help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also
important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in
the above example it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information
on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/oops-tracing.txt
- If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump
as is, otherwise you will have to use the "ksymoops" program to make
sense of the dump (but compiling with CONFIG_KALLSYMS is usually preferred).
This utility can be downloaded from
ftp://ftp.<country>.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/ .
Alternately you can do the dump lookup by hand:
- In debugging dumps like the above, it helps enormously if you can
look up what the EIP value means. The hex value as such doesn't help
me or anybody else very much: it will depend on your particular
kernel setup. What you should do is take the hex value from the EIP
line (ignore the "0010:"), and look it up in the kernel namelist to
see which kernel function contains the offending address.
To find out the kernel function name, you'll need to find the system
binary associated with the kernel that exhibited the symptom. This is
the file 'linux/vmlinux'. To extract the namelist and match it against
the EIP from the kernel crash, do:
nm vmlinux | sort | less
This will give you a list of kernel addresses sorted in ascending
order, from which it is simple to find the function that contains the
offending address. Note that the address given by the kernel
debugging messages will not necessarily match exactly with the
function addresses (in fact, that is very unlikely), so you can't
just 'grep' the list: the list will, however, give you the starting
point of each kernel function, so by looking for the function that
has a starting address lower than the one you are searching for but
is followed by a function with a higher address you will find the one
you want. In fact, it may be a good idea to include a bit of
"context" in your problem report, giving a few lines around the
interesting one.
If you for some reason cannot do the above (you have a pre-compiled
kernel image or similar), telling me as much about your setup as
possible will help. Please read the REPORTING-BUGS document for details.
- Alternately, you can use gdb on a running kernel. (read-only; i.e. you
cannot change values or set break points.) To do this, first compile the
kernel with -g; edit arch/i386/Makefile appropriately, then do a "make
clean". You'll also need to enable CONFIG_PROC_FS (via "make config").
After you've rebooted with the new kernel, do "gdb vmlinux /proc/kcore".
You can now use all the usual gdb commands. The command to look up the
point where your system crashed is "l *0xXXXXXXXX". (Replace the XXXes
with the EIP value.)
gdb'ing a non-running kernel currently fails because gdb (wrongly)
disregards the starting offset for which the kernel is compiled.
Download.​
OREO KERNEL SOURCE 3.x
credits:-
@osas514
@GHsR

vasanth36 said:
Samsung Galaxy Grand Duos Oreo Kernel Source​
download link-> bottom of the thread.
Linux kernel release 3.x <http://kernel.org/>
These are the release notes for Linux version 3. Read them carefully,
as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the
kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong!!
WHAT IS LINUX?
Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by
Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across
the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance.
It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix,
including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand
loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management,
and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6.
It is distributed under the GNU General Public License - see the
accompanying COPYING file for more details.
ON WHAT HARDWARE DOES IT RUN?
Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher),
today Linux also runs on (at least) the Compaq Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC and
UltraSPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, PowerPC64, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, Cell,
IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, DEC VAX, AMD x86-64, AXIS CRIS,
Xtensa, Tilera TILE, AVR32 and Renesas M32R architectures.
Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures
as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the
GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has
also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although
functionality is then obviously somewhat limited.
Linux has also been ported to itself. You can now run the kernel as a
userspace application - this is called UserMode Linux (UML).
DOCUMENTATION:
- There is a lot of documentation available both in electronic form on
the Internet and in books, both Linux-specific and pertaining to
general UNIX questions. I'd recommend looking into the documentation
subdirectories on any Linux FTP site for the LDP (Linux Documentation
Project) books. This README is not meant to be documentation on the
system: there are much better sources available.
- There are various README files in the Documentation/ subdirectory:
these typically contain kernel-specific installation notes for some
drivers for example. See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what
is contained in each file. Please read the Changes file, as it
contains information about the problems, which may result by upgrading
your kernel.
- The Documentation/DocBook/ subdirectory contains several guides for
kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a
number of formats: PostScript (.ps), PDF, HTML, & man-pages, among others.
After installation, "make psdocs", "make pdfdocs", "make htmldocs",
or "make mandocs" will render the documentation in the requested format.
INSTALLING the kernel source:
- If you install the full sources, put the kernel tarball in a
directory where you have permissions (eg. your home directory) and
unpack it:
gzip -cd linux-3.X.tar.gz | tar xvf -
or
bzip2 -dc linux-3.X.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
Replace "XX" with the version number of the latest kernel.
Do NOT use the /usr/src/linux area! This area has a (usually
incomplete) set of kernel headers that are used by the library header
files. They should match the library, and not get messed up by
whatever the kernel-du-jour happens to be.
- You can also upgrade between 3.x releases by patching. Patches are
distributed in the traditional gzip and the newer bzip2 format. To
install by patching, get all the newer patch files, enter the
top level directory of the kernel source (linux-3.x) and execute:
gzip -cd ../patch-3.x.gz | patch -p1
or
bzip2 -dc ../patch-3.x.bz2 | patch -p1
(repeat xx for all versions bigger than the version of your current
source tree, _in_order_) and you should be ok. You may want to remove
the backup files (xxx~ or xxx.orig), and make sure that there are no
failed patches (xxx# or xxx.rej). If there are, either you or me has
made a mistake.
Unlike patches for the 3.x kernels, patches for the 3.x.y kernels
(also known as the -stable kernels) are not incremental but instead apply
directly to the base 3.x kernel. Please read
Documentation/applying-patches.txt for more information.
Alternatively, the script patch-kernel can be used to automate this
process. It determines the current kernel version and applies any
patches found.
linux/scripts/patch-kernel linux
The first argument in the command above is the location of the
kernel source. Patches are applied from the current directory, but
an alternative directory can be specified as the second argument.
- If you are upgrading between releases using the stable series patches
(for example, patch-3.x.y), note that these "dot-releases" are
not incremental and must be applied to the 3.x base tree. For
example, if your base kernel is 3.0 and you want to apply the
3.0.3 patch, you do not and indeed must not first apply the
3.0.1 and 3.0.2 patches. Similarly, if you are running kernel
version 3.0.2 and want to jump to 3.0.3, you must first
reverse the 3.0.2 patch (that is, patch -R) _before_ applying
the 3.0.3 patch.
You can read more on this in Documentation/applying-patches.txt
- Make sure you have no stale .o files and dependencies lying around:
cd linux
make mrproper
You should now have the sources correctly installed.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Compiling and running the 3.x kernels requires up-to-date
versions of various software packages. Consult
Documentation/Changes for the minimum version numbers required
and how to get updates for these packages. Beware that using
excessively old versions of these packages can cause indirect
errors that are very difficult to track down, so don't assume that
you can just update packages when obvious problems arise during
build or operation.
BUILD directory for the kernel:
When compiling the kernel all output files will per default be
stored together with the kernel source code.
Using the option "make O=output/dir" allow you to specify an alternate
place for the output files (including .config).
Example:
kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-3.N
build directory: /home/name/build/kernel
To configure and build the kernel use:
cd /usr/src/linux-3.N
make O=/home/name/build/kernel menuconfig
make O=/home/name/build/kernel
sudo make O=/home/name/build/kernel modules_install install
Please note: If the 'O=output/dir' option is used then it must be
used for all invocations of make.
CONFIGURING the kernel:
Do not skip this step even if you are only upgrading one minor
version. New configuration options are added in each release, and
odd problems will turn up if the configuration files are not set up
as expected. If you want to carry your existing configuration to a
new version with minimal work, use "make oldconfig", which will
only ask you for the answers to new questions.
- Alternate configuration commands are:
"make config" Plain text interface.
"make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs.
"make nconfig" Enhanced text based color menus.
"make xconfig" X windows (Qt) based configuration tool.
"make gconfig" X windows (Gtk) based configuration tool.
"make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of
your existing ./.config file and asking about
new config symbols.
"make silentoldconfig"
Like above, but avoids cluttering the screen
with questions already answered.
Additionally updates the dependencies.
"make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default
symbol values from either arch/$ARCH/defconfig
or arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig,
depending on the architecture.
"make ${PLATFORM}_defconfig"
Create a ./.config file by using the default
symbol values from
arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig.
Use "make help" to get a list of all available
platforms of your architecture.
"make allyesconfig"
Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to 'y' as much as possible.
"make allmodconfig"
Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to 'm' as much as possible.
"make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to 'n' as much as possible.
"make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to random values.
You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools
in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt.
NOTES on "make config":
- having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can
under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a
nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers
- compiling the kernel with "Processor type" set higher than 386
will result in a kernel that does NOT work on a 386. The
kernel will detect this on bootup, and give up.
- A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the
coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just
never get used in that case. The kernel will be slightly larger,
but will work on different machines regardless of whether they
have a math coprocessor or not.
- the "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a
bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel
less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to
break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()). Thus you
should probably answer 'n' to the questions for
"development", "experimental", or "debugging" features.
COMPILING the kernel:
- Make sure you have at least gcc 3.2 available.
For more information, refer to Documentation/Changes.
Please note that you can still run a.out user programs with this kernel.
- Do a "make" to create a compressed kernel image. It is also
possible to do "make install" if you have lilo installed to suit the
kernel makefiles, but you may want to check your particular lilo setup first.
To do the actual install you have to be root, but none of the normal
build should require that. Don't take the name of root in vain.
- If you configured any of the parts of the kernel as `modules', you
will also have to do "make modules_install".
- Verbose kernel compile/build output:
Normally the kernel build system runs in a fairly quiet mode (but not
totally silent). However, sometimes you or other kernel developers need
to see compile, link, or other commands exactly as they are executed.
For this, use "verbose" build mode. This is done by inserting
"V=1" in the "make" command. E.g.:
make V=1 all
To have the build system also tell the reason for the rebuild of each
target, use "V=2". The default is "V=0".
- Keep a backup kernel handy in case something goes wrong. This is
especially true for the development releases, since each new release
contains new code which has not been debugged. Make sure you keep a
backup of the modules corresponding to that kernel, as well. If you
are installing a new kernel with the same version number as your
working kernel, make a backup of your modules directory before you
do a "make modules_install".
Alternatively, before compiling, use the kernel config option
"LOCALVERSION" to append a unique suffix to the regular kernel version.
LOCALVERSION can be set in the "General Setup" menu.
- In order to boot your new kernel, you'll need to copy the kernel
image (e.g. .../linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage after compilation)
to the place where your regular bootable kernel is found.
- Booting a kernel directly from a floppy without the assistance of a
bootloader such as LILO, is no longer supported.
If you boot Linux from the hard drive, chances are you use LILO which
uses the kernel image as specified in the file /etc/lilo.conf. The
kernel image file is usually /vmlinuz, /boot/vmlinuz, /bzImage or
/boot/bzImage. To use the new kernel, save a copy of the old image
and copy the new image over the old one. Then, you MUST RERUN LILO
to update the loading map!! If you don't, you won't be able to boot
the new kernel image.
Reinstalling LILO is usually a matter of running /sbin/lilo.
You may wish to edit /etc/lilo.conf to specify an entry for your
old kernel image (say, /vmlinux.old) in case the new one does not
work. See the LILO docs for more information.
After reinstalling LILO, you should be all set. Shutdown the system,
reboot, and enjoy!
If you ever need to change the default root device, video mode,
ramdisk size, etc. in the kernel image, use the 'rdev' program (or
alternatively the LILO boot options when appropriate). No need to
recompile the kernel to change these parameters.
- Reboot with the new kernel and enjoy.
IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG:
- If you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please check
the file MAINTAINERS to see if there is a particular person associated
with the part of the kernel that you are having trouble with. If there
isn't anyone listed there, then the second best thing is to mail
them to me ([email protected]), and possibly to any other
relevant mailing-list or to the newsgroup.
- In all bug-reports, *please* tell what kernel you are talking about,
how to duplicate the problem, and what your setup is (use your common
sense). If the problem is new, tell me so, and if the problem is
old, please try to tell me when you first noticed it.
- If the bug results in a message like
unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010
Oops: 0002
EIP: 0010:XXXXXXXX
eax: xxxxxxxx ebx: xxxxxxxx ecx: xxxxxxxx edx: xxxxxxxx
esi: xxxxxxxx edi: xxxxxxxx ebp: xxxxxxxx
ds: xxxx es: xxxx fs: xxxx gs: xxxx
Pid: xx, process nr: xx
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
or similar kernel debugging information on your screen or in your
system log, please duplicate it *exactly*. The dump may look
incomprehensible to you, but it does contain information that may
help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also
important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in
the above example it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information
on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/oops-tracing.txt
- If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump
as is, otherwise you will have to use the "ksymoops" program to make
sense of the dump (but compiling with CONFIG_KALLSYMS is usually preferred).
This utility can be downloaded from
ftp://ftp.<country>.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/ .
Alternately you can do the dump lookup by hand:
- In debugging dumps like the above, it helps enormously if you can
look up what the EIP value means. The hex value as such doesn't help
me or anybody else very much: it will depend on your particular
kernel setup. What you should do is take the hex value from the EIP
line (ignore the "0010:"), and look it up in the kernel namelist to
see which kernel function contains the offending address.
To find out the kernel function name, you'll need to find the system
binary associated with the kernel that exhibited the symptom. This is
the file 'linux/vmlinux'. To extract the namelist and match it against
the EIP from the kernel crash, do:
nm vmlinux | sort | less
This will give you a list of kernel addresses sorted in ascending
order, from which it is simple to find the function that contains the
offending address. Note that the address given by the kernel
debugging messages will not necessarily match exactly with the
function addresses (in fact, that is very unlikely), so you can't
just 'grep' the list: the list will, however, give you the starting
point of each kernel function, so by looking for the function that
has a starting address lower than the one you are searching for but
is followed by a function with a higher address you will find the one
you want. In fact, it may be a good idea to include a bit of
"context" in your problem report, giving a few lines around the
interesting one.
If you for some reason cannot do the above (you have a pre-compiled
kernel image or similar), telling me as much about your setup as
possible will help. Please read the REPORTING-BUGS document for details.
- Alternately, you can use gdb on a running kernel. (read-only; i.e. you
cannot change values or set break points.) To do this, first compile the
kernel with -g; edit arch/i386/Makefile appropriately, then do a "make
clean". You'll also need to enable CONFIG_PROC_FS (via "make config").
After you've rebooted with the new kernel, do "gdb vmlinux /proc/kcore".
You can now use all the usual gdb commands. The command to look up the
point where your system crashed is "l *0xXXXXXXXX". (Replace the XXXes
with the EIP value.)
gdb'ing a non-running kernel currently fails because gdb (wrongly)
disregards the starting offset for which the kernel is compiled.
Download.​
OREO KERNEL SOURCE 3.x
credits:-
@osas514
@GHsR
Click to expand...
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